Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The data on 26 patients with solitary metastatic lesions arising in cortical bone were studied. Nineteen patients were over 50 years of age. In 19 patients, the cortical metastasis was the first indication of the presence of a primary malignant condition. In seven cases, cortical metastases developed in patients with a known primary tumor. The primary tumors involved were eight renal cell carcinomas, six bronchogenic carcinomas, two carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract, one osteosarcoma, one neuroblastoma, one melanoma, one hepatoma, one carcinoma of the breast, and one thyroid carcinoma. In four cases, the primary tumor remained unknown. A metastatic origin should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an osteolytic lesion arising in the cortex of a long bone, especially in older patients and in patients with a known primary malignant condition. The cortical bone metastases encountered in this study did not originate solely from bronchogenic carcinoma, as has been reported by other authors. Cortical metastases are probably less rare than has been hitherto assumed.
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PMID:Cortical bone metastases. 317 2

The European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) trial 20781, concerning osteosarcoma of the limbs is reported. After definitive treatment of the primary tumor with amputation or irradiation, adjuvant treatment was given, randomized into either 9 months of chemotherapy according to a modified Rosen schedule, or elective bilateral lung irradiation of 20 Gy, or 3 months of chemotherapy followed by lung irradiation. The 4-year disease-free survival and total survival were 24% and 43%, respectively, with no difference between the treatment arms. In the radiotherapy arms the lung metastases were more frequently suitable for surgical treatment. The survival of patients with either tibia localizations or higher age was somewhat better. Local recurrences occurred in 16% of patients, 50% of them with distant metastases. The trial was executed from 1978 to 1983; 205 patients were evaluable and eligible, and three toxic deaths occurred in the chemotherapy arms. Elective lung irradiation provided the same survival as the adjuvant chemotherapy given in that time.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma of the limbs. Report of the EORTC-SIOP 03 trial 20781 investigating the value of adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy and/or prophylactic lung irradiation. 327 90

A case of a sclerosing variant of osteosarcoma of a toe phalanx is reported in a 28-year-old man. This represents the first reported case of osteosarcoma of any kind at this site. This is based on a review of 4,214 cases of conventional osteosarcoma. The reason for the extraordinary rarity in toe or hand phalanges is unknown although osteosarcoma is the second most common primary tumor of bone. Since the neoplasm had minimal signs of cytologic anaplasia, it was originally mistaken for and treated as an osteoid osteoma. The lesion recurred and extended into soft tissues. Reevaluation revealed the tumor to be an osteosarcoma, sclerosing variant with "normalization" of nuclei. The lesions that this tumor should be distinguished from are osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma.
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PMID:Primary osteosarcoma of toe phalanx: first documented case. Review of osteosarcoma of short tubular bones. 328 81

Methotrexate (MTX) has demonstrated significant activity against relapsed and metastatic osteosarcoma. However, there is little published data to indicate the appropriate dose for MTX when given as a component of a multidrug regimen for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Therefore, the investigators at the Childrens Cancer Study Group undertook a randomized clinical trial that compared Adriamycin and vincristine given with either high-dose methotrexate or moderate-dose methotrexate as postoperation chemotherapy in the treatment of childhood osteosarcoma. We report here the results for 166 patients with completely resected nonmetastatic disease of an extremity. The two therapies demonstrated equivalent disease-free survival (DFS). Further, no therapy prejudices survival after relapse. Approximately 38% of patients remain disease free 4 years after diagnosis. Two relapses occurred in patients free of disease at least 36 months after initiation of treatment. Some factors found by other investigators to be prognostic of poorer DFS, namely, male sex, primary tumor in the humerus or femur, and larger primary tumors, demonstrated similar though not statistically significant trends. The presence of spontaneous necrosis in the tumor sample from the definitive surgery was associated with poor prognosis for DFS. We postulate that this feature represents rapidly growing tumors with increased potential for metastases.
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PMID:A randomized study comparing high-dose methotrexate with moderate-dose methotrexate as components of adjuvant chemotherapy in childhood nonmetastatic osteosarcoma: a report from the Childrens Cancer Study Group. 329 1

Osteosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of bone that produces osteoid. Most tumors arise in the metaphyses of long bones. At least 80 per cent of patients have subclinical metastases at diagnosis. Successful management of osteosarcoma requires surgical control of the primary tumor and chemotherapeutic control of systemic metastases. Wide resection of primary tumor is often compatible with limb-sparing surgery. Multiagent chemotherapy has significantly enhanced disease-free survival. Osteosarcoma metastasizes to lung and other bones. Aggressive surgical resection can sometimes control pulmonary metastases; bony metastases are almost always followed by death.
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PMID:Malignant bone tumors in children: osteosarcoma. 332 77

The introduction of chemotherapy has greatly changed the treatment of osteosarcoma. During the preoperative phase the tumor response to chemotherapy can be assessed in various ways. This paper discusses the clinical, histological and radiological response to preoperative chemotherapy in three patients. Changes in conventional roentgenograms following chemotherapy can reflect the effect of chemotherapy on the primary tumor. This can be important in planning further chemotherapy or surgery.
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PMID:The effect of chemotherapy on osteosarcoma of the extremities as apparent from conventional roentgenograms. 346 51

Cisplatin was used in 14 bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Severe vomiting developed in all cases, but the duration was relatively short. Renal function was disturbed in cases with a higher total dose. This side effect was considered to be the dose-limiting factor of cisplatin. Seven cases showed high-frequency deafness but they did not complain of disturbance during conversation. In seven metastatic osteosarcomas, one was evaluated as a partial response and one as a minor response. No response was observed among three soft tissue sarcomas. Three cases of osteosarcoma receiving cisplatin in adjuvant chemotherapy have been disease-free for 4 and 46 months after resection of pulmonary metastases and for 50 months after resection of the primary tumor. We consider cisplatin to be the first-choice drug in cases resistant to adriamycin or methotrexate, but there are some problems when cisplatin is used in adjuvant chemotherapy, because of its side effects.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy using cisplatin in bone and soft tissue sarcoma]. 346 52

The cytostatic and antimetastatic activities of 1,2-di(3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl) propane (ICRF-159, razoxane) were studied in a transplantable, slowly growing osteosarcoma in Sprague-Dawley rats. This tumor model is characterized by osteoid formation and spontaneous metastasization to lungs, kidneys and lymph nodes. Razoxane given intraperitoneally (i.p.) from 2 days before to 14 days after tumor transplantation (30 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg per day) resulted in a dose-dependent prolongation of median survival time (83 or 48 days respectively, versus 38 days for the control group), but showed no influence on the growth of the primary tumor. Early treatment with razoxane (30 mg/kg i.p. from day -2 to +14) showed a greater inhibition of pulmonary metastases than later treatment (30 mg/kg i.p. from day +14 to +28 after transplantation). Whereas 59.9 per cent of the total sectional area of the lungs in the control animals was covered by osteosarcoma metastases, only 3.4 per cent and 26.1 per cent respectively was affected in the early and late razoxane treatment groups. Toxic side-effects of these treatment schedules were reversible diffuse alopecia, but no retardation of body weight gain.
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PMID:Antimetastatic effects of razoxane in a rat osteosarcoma model. 347 Jan 64

Weekly high-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue and vincristine (HDMTX) and doxorubicin was administered as adjuvant postoperative therapy to 46 patients with a diagnosis of conventional high-grade nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of an extremity between July 1976 and December 1981. The primary lesions were managed by wide or radical amputation (26 patients) or by limb-sparing resection in 20 selected patients. The margins of the resections were retrospectively classified as marginal in three, wide in 16, and radical in one. The 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) for all patients is 59% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43%, 74%) and overall survival is 78% (95% CI, 65%, 91%). The RFS for patients initially having a limb resection procedure is 55% (95% CI, 32%, 77%) compared with 62% (95% CI, 43%, 81%) for those initially having amputations (P = .52). Using multivariate analysis, the only significant prognostic variables that predicted RFS of greater than or equal to 3 years, were the presence of moderate to marked lymphocytic infiltration of the primary tumor (P less than .002), primary site outside of the proximal humerus (P less than .005), and the absence of a predominance of osteoblastic pattern in the primary tumor (P less than .03).
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PMID:Weekly high-dose methotrexate and doxorubicin for osteosarcoma: the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/the Children's Hospital--study III. 347 88

The influence of RA233, an inhibitor of platelet function, on the occurrence of metastasis in 18 dogs with osteosarcomas was evaluated. At least 24 hours before surgical removal of the primary tumor, dogs were given RA233 orally (20 mg/kg of body weight divided into 3 equal doses). Original sites of the osteosarcoma included humerus, 6 dogs; radius, 5 dogs; tibia, 3 dogs; femur, 2 dogs; maxilla, 1 dog; and mandible, 1 dog. Survival time for 13 dogs euthanatized for progression of neoplastic disease ranged from 3 months to 10 months, with a mean survival time of 5.5 months. Medication was discontinued in 1 dog because of possible adverse reaction. One dog died of disease unrelated to the tumor, and one dog was euthanatized after the surgery. Two dogs were tumor free 9 and 17 months after surgery. Seemingly, the metastasis potential was not diminished in dogs given 20 mg of RA233/kg/day.
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PMID:Effect of RA233 on metastasis in dogs with osteosarcomas. 347 71


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