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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-eight pretreatment and posttreatment biopsies from 11 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma were stained for prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PAP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and keratin to determine the effect of hormonal (diethylstilbestrol) therapy on these immunological markers. Treatment intervals ranged from 2 to 63 months. All pretreatment tumors were strongly positive for PAP, and nine were strongly positive for PSA. Two were weakly positive for PSA, and all were negative for keratin. In five of the 11 posttreatment group cases, staining with both PAP and PSA was reduced. In three posttreatment cases, the malignant epithelium showed a squamoid appearance, and in these areas the keratin gave a positive reaction. These findings indicate that immunohistochemical staining with PAP and PSA may change in response to hormonal therapy. These alterations may lead to false-negative results when using these techniques to identify the primary tumor source of metastatic deposits of prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Changes in immunohistochemical staining in prostatic adenocarcinoma following diethylstilbestrol therapy. 241 32

A primary neoplasm of the proximal humerus in a 68-year-old woman was unique histologically in that it contained both malignant cartilaginous and squamous cell components. The epithelial differentiation was confirmed by the demonstration of keratin by immunohistochemical techniques and of basement membrane, tonofilaments, and well-formed desmosomes by electron microscopy. The patient died 3 1/2 years after the onset of symptoms, without clinical evidence of either a primary tumor elsewhere or metastasis. The differential diagnosis from other bone tumors with epithelial differentiation, such as adamantinoma and "primitive multipotential primary sarcoma," is discussed. This is a rare primary neoplasm of bone of unknown histogenesis. Intermutability or metaplasia between mesenchymal and epithelial tissues is a possibility. The tumor probably originated from multipotential stem cells with the ability to undergo biphasic or dual differentiation toward mesenchymal and epithelial elements.
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PMID:Primary multipotential malignant neoplasm of bone: chondrosarcoma associated with squamous cell carcinoma. 241 40

The unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was used to examine esophageal neoplasms for the tumor markers beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen (HPL), alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) before and after xenotransplantation to athymic nude mice. In addition, keratin was used as an epithelial cell marker. Immunoreactive beta-human chorionic gonadotropin was detected in four of seven primary tumors and in three of seven xenografts. Two of seven primary tumors contained HPL immunoreactive cells while four of seven tumor xenografts had HPL immunoreactivity. alpha-Fetoprotein was detected in two of seven primary tumors and in one of seven xenografts. NCA and CEA were detected in six of seven primary tumors and in all tumor xenografts. Five of seven primary neoplasms and six of seven tumor xenografts were found to contain both NCA and CEA, while one tumor and its xenografts displayed only NCA immunoreactivity. All seven primary carcinomas displayed keratin immunoreactivity, but only six of the seven xenograft tumors showed keratin positive cells. When a tumor marker was detected in a primary tumor, it was usually found in at least some of the xenografts arising from that tumor. However, marker loss did occur with repeated passage of tumors in some cases. On the other hand, markers were expressed in xenografts which were not present in the corresponding primary tumor. In three instances, HPL was detected in xenografts derived from HPL negative primary carcinomas. This was also true for CEA and NCA in one case. These results show that tumor markers are expressed to varying degrees by tumors growing as xenografts in nude mice. In primary tumors, HPL is associated with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas and this marker was found to appear in HPL negative tumors as the tumor cells became less differentiated while growing as xenografts in nude mice.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical evaluation of primary human esophageal carcinomas and their xenografts for keratin, beta-chorionic gonadotropin, placental lactogen, alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen. 242 82

A cell line (RM-HS1) derived from a human epithelioid sarcoma was established in tissue culture. Ultrastructurally, the cells show features of those found within the primary tumor. A mixed mesenchymal-epithelial phenotype, defined by reactivity with antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen and to vimentin and keratin intermediate filaments, was found in the tumor, and a similar phenotype persisted in the cultured cells. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a mode of 66 chromosomes. With the use of a variety of banding techniques together with in situ hybridization of a 3H-labeled molecular probe for 18s and 28s ribosomal RNA genes (pX1r101), the karyotypes were shown to contain extensive numerical and structural rearrangements, with up to 24 marker chromosomes.
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PMID:Ultrastructural, immunocytochemical, and cytogenetic characterization of a human epithelioid sarcoma cell line (RM-HS1). 243 6

Chemically induced esthesioneuroepitheliomas (ENE) in rats were subjected to tissue culture experiments, biochemical evaluations for catecholamines and chromosomal analyses. The most conspicuous cytogenetic finding was a C1 marker chromosome in addition to numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations. Regarding the overwhelming similarity between human ENE and experimentally induced ENE, similar cytogenetic aberrations in its human counterpart are postulated. Biochemically, no catecholamines or their metabolic precursors could be identified, thus distinguishing ENE from sympathetic neuroblastomas. No keratin-positive cells could be found in the primary tumor or in the cell cultures studied, thus showing that immunohistology can be a valuable tool for differentiating ENE from anaplastic carcinomas.
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PMID:Chemically induced esthesioneuroepithelioma: a cytogenetic, cell culture and biochemical investigation with implications for tumor histogenesis. 265 30

Twenty-one head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines were established from 89 fresh tumor specimens in order to study the biology of HNSCC lines, establish tumors in nude mice, and evaluate the sensitivity to immunological effector cells of these tumors in vitro and in vivo in nude mice. The lines were established from explants using differential trypsinization and culture for 2 to 20 mo. The explants were derived from 11 different sites. Three pairs of lines were derived from both the primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes in the same patients. All cultures grew as either compact or diffuse adherent monolayers, and they had a median doubling time of 86 h (range, 33 to 531 h). DNA fingerprinting confirmed that the HNSCC lines were individual isolates. Thirteen of 14 lines tested induced tumors in athymic mice. The histology of each line growing in nude mice was similar to that of the original tumor tissue. Immunocytochemistry showed keratin production in all lines tested. Aneuploidy (36 to 87 chromosomes) was present in all 16 lines studied; the median chromosome number for lines derived from primary tumors was 70, whereas for lines originating from metastatic or recurrent tumors, it was 54. Karyotypic analysis showed deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p-) in 12 of 16 cell lines and trisomy 6 in 12 of 16 lines. In addition, translocations between chromosomes 9 and 11 or 9 and 12 were each present in five of 16 lines tested. The HNSCC lines were resistant to lysis by natural killer cells, but were efficiently lysed by lymphokine-activated killer cells in 4-h 51Cr release assays. These new lines have allowed us to establish a model of local adoptive immunotherapy of HNSCC in tumor-bearing nude mice, and they provide a resource for future studies of the biology of HNSCC.
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PMID:Biology, cytogenetics, and sensitivity to immunological effector cells of new head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lines. 276 86

A new method for detecting bloodborne TMT-081 rat mammary tumor cells in buffy coat has revealed dose-dependent variations in the latency period after inoculation of tumor cells, the concentration of circulating tumor cells, and the incidence of metastases. Cells isolated from buffy coat of right ventricular blood were more tumorigenic than tryptically dispersed cells from solid tumors. With the new method circulating tumor cells can be detected at concentrations as low as 3 cells/microliter of buffy coat, or approximately 60 cells/ml of whole blood. The morphologic and ultrastructural features of the primary tumor were generally retained in both the circulating and tryptically dispersed cells, as shown by light and electron microscopy. A sparse distribution of intermediate filaments was revealed by high-voltage electron microscopy, although the filaments were not evident in conventional transmission electron micrographs. They were identified as keratin by immunofluorescence studies.
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PMID:Detection and characterization of circulating rat mammary tumor cells in buffy coat and correlation with metastasis. 342 8

Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentrations in 128 patients with breast cancer were measured preoperatively. The data were related to the histologic features of the primary breast carcinoma and to the clinical follow-up data. Analysis of the plasma CEA values did not show a significant correlation with the histologic type and the histologic and nuclear grade of the primary tumor (n = 73) as well as to the presence or absence of keratin, necrosis, desmoplasia, tubule formation and mucin production. Furthermore, the results indicated that high CEA values (more than 10 ng/ml) may be associated with distant metastasis and not with the metastatic spread to lymph nodes. High CEA levels were also associated with reduced survival of the patients. This study confirms our previous report suggesting that high CEA levels are correlated with tumors of endodermal origin, whereas the CEA levels were within the normal range in the tumors of ectodermal origin. In agreement with other studies, however, it was found that the predictive value of plasma CEA concentrations in general is weak, so that the use of CEA measurement for prognosis is of limited value.
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PMID:Prognosis in breast carcinoma utilizing plasma carcinoembryonic antigen and histologic characteristics of the primary tumor. 344 70

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the hepatobiliary system is extremely rare in adults. To our knowledge only three cases have been reported in the literature, all involving the gallbladder. The present case concerns a 40-year-old woman who presented with epigastric pain and obstructive jaundice and was found to have a fusiform, submucosal neoplasm in the common bile duct. Histologically, the tumor presented a diagnostic problem due to a predominant sclerotic growth pattern suggesting an epithelial tumor. Extensive sampling revealed a focal alveolar growth pattern with rhabdomyoblasts, although cross striations were not seen. Electron microscopy failed to demonstrate the characteristic thick myofilaments and/or Z-band material. The diagnosis was supported by strongly positive immunohistochemical staining for myoglobin and desmin; the keratin stain was negative. A subsequent supraclavicular metastasis showed the typical histology of an alveolar RMS. The histologic features of the primary tumor suggest that RMS in this location may be underrecognized due to regional similarities to either primary or metastatic infiltrating carcinomas.
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PMID:Rhabdomyosarcoma of the common bile duct in an adult. 351 54

Important tumour markers in tumours of the oral mucosa and salivary glands are intermediate filaments of cytoskeleton, oncofetal and proliferative antigens, lectin receptors and blood group substances, enzymes, metalloproteins and viral antigens. The special occurrence of the following tumour markers was demonstrated: keratin, vimentin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), lectins (helix pomatia antigen = HPA, peanut agglutinin = PNA), Thomsen-Friedenreich-antigen, blood group substances A and B, amylase, lactoferrin, viral antigens of papilloma virus (group 11 and 16). In oral dysplasia and squamous cell carcinomas, relationships exist between the presence of keratin filaments and cell differentiation. Lectins represent membrane-orientated markers of differentiation. A loss of blood group substances A and B can be observed in oral dysplasias. Papilloma viruses and viral antibodies can be demonstrated in papillomas, leukoplakias and carcinomas. The salivary gland tumours show a distinct pattern of distribution for keratin, vimentin, CEA, TPA, metalloproteins and enzymes. Transplanted human salivary gland tumours in athymic nude mice keep the same tumour marker profile as in the primary tumor.
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PMID:The importance of tumor markers in oral pathology. II. Cell membrane and cytoplasmic antigens as tumour markers. 404 Jun 31


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