Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diagnostic records of 30 primary and one metastatic follicular stem cell carcinomas in 30 dogs were reviewed. Neoplastic cells had a clear cytoplasm and formed lobules and nests surrounded by a basement membrane. Trichoepitheliomatous and apocrine differentiations were noted in 22 of 30 (73%) and 21 of 30 (70%) primary tumors, respectively. Glycogen was present in 20 of 20 (100%) tumors tested, suggesting tricholemmal differentiation. Antibodies against AE1/AE3 cytokeratin, vimentin, and melanA/MART1 stained 29 of 30 (97%), 29 of 30 (97%), and 12 of 27 (44%) primary tumors, respectively. Small amounts of melanin were identified in 14 primary tumors, either on the hematoxylin and eosin-stained section (n = 6), or on the Fontana-stained section (n = 8 of 14). Ultrastructural features of neoplastic cells included cell junction complexes, swollen mitochondria, neuroendocrine-like granules, and intracytoplasmic non-membrane-bound accumulation of proteinaceous material. Features of this neoplasm are consistent with a follicular stem cell origin. Follow-up information was available for eight dogs. Metastases developed in the draining lymph node at the time of excision of the primary tumor (n = 1) or subsequently (n = 3).
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PMID:Follicular stem cell carcinoma: histologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and clinical characterization in 30 dogs. 1565 83

Twenty-four (24) pretreated patients with relapsed high-risk resected The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IIA-IV melanoma received adjuvant peptide vaccinations derived from the melanosomal antigens MelanA/MART1, MAGE-1, gp100, and tyrosinase, according to patient tumor-associated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restricted antigen expression, in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Pretreatment was comprised of surgery (n=23 primary tumor; n=23 metastases), local radiotherapy (n=2), immunotherapy (n=23), chemotherapy (n=10), and chemoimmunotherapy (n=1), respectively. All patients received peptide vaccines in an adjuvant setting. Seven (7) patients were relapse free for 3+ up to 25+ months. Of the patients exhibiting progressive disease (n=17), 13 patients developed metastases during vaccination (9 local, 4 distant), and 4 patients developed metastases (2 local, 2 distant) after finishing vaccine therapy. Two (2)-year local and distant metastases-free survival, 2-year distant metastases-free survival, and 2-year overall survival were calculated as 8.6%, 68%, and 85%, respectively. Vaccine treatment was well tolerated, with no severe side-effects. Twenty (20) of 24 patients developed local delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions to synthetic peptide vaccination. Transient fever (n=2) and pain in muscle/bone (n=2) occurred rarely. In conclusion, antigenic peptide vaccination, combined with GM-CSF, is safe and may yield clinical benefits in relapsed high-risk resected melanoma patients.
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PMID:GM-CSF plus antigenic peptide vaccination in locally advanced melanoma patients. 1780 50

Melanoma often recurs in patients after the removal of the primary tumor, suggesting the presence of recurrent tumor-initiating cells that are undetectable using standard diagnostic methods. As cell fusion has been implicated to facilitate the alteration of a cell's phenotype, we hypothesized that cells in the peritumoral stroma having a stromal phenotype that initiate recurrent tumors might originate from the fusion of tumor and stromal cells. Here, we show that in patients with BRAF(V600E) melanoma, melanoma antigen recognized by T-cells (MART1)-negative peritumoral stromal cells express BRAF(V600E) protein. To confirm the presence of the oncogene at the genetic level, peritumoral stromal cells were microdissected and screened for the presence of BRAF(V600E) with a mutation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Interestingly, cells carrying the BRAF(V600E) mutation were not only found among cells surrounding the primary tumor but were also present in the stroma of melanoma metastases as well as in a histologically tumor-free re-excision sample from a patient who subsequently developed a local recurrence. We did not detect any BRAF(V600E) mutation or protein in the peritumoral stroma of BRAF(WT) melanoma. Therefore, our results suggest that peritumoral stromal cells contain melanoma-derived oncogenic information, potentially as a result of cell fusion. These hybrid cells display the phenotype of stromal cells and are therefore undetectable using routine histological assessments. Our results highlight the importance of genetic analyses and the application of mutation-specific antibodies in the identification of potentially recurrent-tumor-initiating cells, which may help better predict patient survival and disease outcome.
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PMID:Melanoma-Derived BRAF(V600E) Mutation in Peritumoral Stromal Cells: Implications for in Vivo Cell Fusion. 2733 62