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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a case an adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder that extended to the proximal transverse colon. Metastatic tumor was present in regional lymph nodes and the liver. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of malignant epithelial cells that were cytokeratin-, epithelial membrane antigen-, and carcinoembryonic antigen-positive. The adjacent desmoplastic stroma of the primary tumor, as well as the metastasis, contained giant cells that morphologically resembled osteoclasts. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the giant cells were cytokeratin-, epithelial membrane antigen-, and carcinoembryonic antigen-negative but weakly alpha 1-antichymotrypsin-positive. While tumors containing osteoclast-like giant cells have been described in the breast, lung, liver, and thyroid, this is the first report of a tumor with this morphology originating in the gallbladder. The presence of the giant cells adjacent to both the primary and metastatic tumor and not at any other location suggests that the tumor cells are producing a substance that induces the formation of the nontumoral giant cells.
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PMID:Stromal osteoclast-like giant cells in an adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder. 159 94

A monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against the cytokeratin (CK) polypeptide no. 18 specifically expressed in cells derived from simple epithelia was used to detect epithelial tumor cells in bone marrow aspirates. Of 156 patients with colorectal carcinoma, 42 presented with cells at the time of primary surgery. The incidence of positive findings varied considerably with the size and the localization of the primary tumor, the involvement of regional lymph nodes, and the presence of clinically manifest metastases. Applying a sensitive double-staining procedure, we could demonstrate that epithelial cells in bone marrow showed a heterogeneic expression of receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF-R) and transferrin (Tf-R) as well as of the proliferation-associated Ki67 antigen. Also human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I antigens differed widely in their expression on the CK-positive cells. Clinical follow-up studies on 85 patients showed a significantly higher relapse rate in patients presenting with CK-positive cells in their bone marrow at the time of primary surgery. Twenty-three patients were monitored for the presence or absence of CK-positive cells in bone marrow over time. The majority of monitored patients (18 of 23) exhibited a constant pattern of immunocytochemical findings during the time of observation. Thus, the technique may be useful in identifying high-risk patients as well as in monitoring adjuvant therapeutic trials.
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PMID:Epithelial tumor cells in bone marrow of patients with colorectal cancer: immunocytochemical detection, phenotypic characterization, and prognostic significance. 169 90

The authors present a case of brain metastasis from an epithelioid malignant schwannoma. The patient previously had undergone a surgical resection of the primary tumor in the right forearm. The neoplasm was composed of nests of cells with an entirely epithelioid appearance without spindle cell areas. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells stained positive for S100 protein and negative for cytokeratin, neuron-specific enolase, and anti-melanoma antiserum. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of cerebral metastasis from an epithelioid malignant tumor of the peripheral nerve sheath.
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PMID:Cerebral metastasis from an epithelioid malignant schwannoma: case report. 175 6

The study was designed to find out whether the commercially available antibodies BMA 130 c, BMA 120, V 9, KL 1, B 72.3 TAG, HEA 125 and Ber-EP 4 would be of help in distinguishing carcinomas from a mesothelial process (mesothelioma/pleuritis) in pleural effusion specimens routinely processed by the cytoblock method. All of the 20 carcinomas included in the study but also 19 of the 20 mesotheliomas expressed cytokeratin (KL 1), whereas vimentin expression was found in 7 of the 20 carcinomas and 19 of the 20 mesotheliomas. 19 of the 20 carcinomas reacted with the epithelial markers B 72.3 and HEA 125, and 18 of them with Ber-EP 4. In contrast, only a few of the 20 mesotheliomas showed a weak reaction to these markers (1 with HEA 125, 2 with B 72.3, and 3 with Ber-EP 4). BMA-130 c was detected in 10/20 carcinomas but in none of the mesotheliomas. BMA-120 was observed in the effusions from 17/20 mesotheliomas and in cover cells which had undergone reactive changes, but also in 2 cases of ovarian carcinoma. The results show that reaction to the "epithelial markers" B 72.3, HEA 125 and Ber-EP 4 is strongly indicative of carcinoma and not of mesothelioma, whereas a positive reaction with the antibody BMA-120 in the absence of reaction to the epithelial markers makes a mesothelial process very likely. However, immunocytochemical distinction cannot be made as yet between mesothelioma cells and pleuritic cells. If simultaneous positivity for BMA-120 and an "epithelial marker" in a pleural effusion is observed the primary tumor could be an ovarian carcinoma.
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PMID:Distinction of mesothelioma from carcinoma in pleural effusions. An immunocytochemical study on routinely processed cytoblock preparations. 187 28

A 84-year-old female patient suffering from atypical fibroxanthoma is presented. A diagnosis of malignant melanoma or a cutaneous metastasis from an unknown primary tumor was suspected. The final diagnosis was established by immunohistological studies showing a strongly positive reaction to vimentin and a negative reaction to S-100 protein and cytokeratin.
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PMID:[The atypical fibroxanthoma]. 217 70

A primary mediastinal endodermal sinus tumor in a young man was diagnosed by cytologic examination of a pleural effusion. Subsequent evaluation revealed a greatly elevated serum alphafetoprotein (AFP); computed tomographic scan of the chest showed a large anterior mediastinal mass. Routine examination of the smears and cell block preparations revealed clusters of tumor cells with a few intracytoplasmic hyaline droplets. Immunohistochemical stains for AFP, alpha-1-antitrypsin and cytokeratin were positive in the tumor cells while stains for carcinoembryonic antigen and the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin were negative. This supported the diagnosis of endodermal sinus tumor, a rare primary tumor within the mediastinum.
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PMID:Endodermal sinus tumor of the mediastinum. Cytologic diagnosis on a pleural effusion. 218 4

A continuous in vitro cell line of rat choriocarcinoma has been established. It is composed of pure trophoblast cells which multiply and differentiate. The morphology of the cells is very similar to normal rat cytotrophoblasts and giant cells. The cultured cells contain cytokeratin, alkaline phosphatase and express the receptors for Bandeira simplificifolia Agglutinin-I (BSA-I). They are hormonally active as demonstrated by the presence of lactogen and progesterone in the supernatant of the culture. The injected cells develop into choriocarcinoma in syngeneic as well as allogeneic rats. The morphological, biological and immunohistochemical features of these tumors are identical to those described in the transplantable neoplasm from which the in vitro line was established. The presence of Y chromosome in cultured cells proves the paternal origin of the primary tumor developed from extra-embryonic membranes in fetectomized rat and makes this neoplasm similar to human post-gestation choriocarcinoma.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of a continuous in vitro line from a rat choriocarcinoma. 232 51

Wilms' tumor has been proposed to originate from a developmental abnormality of the metanephric blastema. This undifferentiated component of Wilms' tumors has previously eluded efforts for in vitro growth. Blastema from a "classical" Wilms' tumor was transplanted into nude mice and passaged through 12 generations of heterotransplantation. Tumors from heterotransplants were grown for 12 serial passages in a serum-free growth medium supplemented with hormones and conditioned media from human kidney proximal tubule cells. The blastema initially grew on a collagen-fetal calf serum matrix as multicellular spheroids, and the cells proliferating from the rim of the spheroids had a flattened shape. Pulse-labeling with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) identified the proliferating cell population as blastemal in origin. Except for a loss of extracellular matrix, ultrastructural studies demonstrated morphologic similarities in the cultured cells, compared with the primary tumor and heterotransplants. Lectin histochemical stains for the peanut lectin (PNA) and immunohistochemical stains for cytokeratin (CYTO), vimentin (VIM), and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) were performed on the original tumor, successive heterotransplants, and cells grown in vitro. The PNA stained the surface of the blastemal cells after sialidase digestion in the original tumor, heterotransplants, and cultured cells. The blastema of the original tumors was negative for CYTO and EMA but reactive for vimentin. This lack of differentiation was maintained in heterotransplants through 12 passages. However, blastemal cells demonstrated coexpression of CYTO and VIM intermediate filaments when grown in a serum-free medium on a matrix material. These studies demonstrate that the blastemal component of Wilms' tumor can be successfully grown in culture, passaged in nude mouse heterotransplants, and shown to undergo early stages of blastemal differentiation in vitro by growth in serum-free medium. This in vitro system provides a model for testing the factors that influence the growth and differentiation of the blastemal component of Wilms' tumors.
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PMID:The in vitro growth, heterotransplantation, and immunohistochemical characterization of the blastemal component of Wilms' tumor. 244 11

The detection of early micrometastasis or disseminated single tumor cells poses a problem for conventional diagnosis procedures. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratin and the 17-1A epithelial antigen we identified immunocytochemically tumor cells in bone marrow of patients with breast cancer (n = 155) and colorectal cancer (n = 57) at the time of surgery of the primary tumor. Monoclonal antibody CK2, recognizing the human cytokeratin component 18 in simple epithelia, appeared to be the most suitable reagent because of its negative reaction with bone marrow samples of the noncarcinoma patients (n = 75). Its specificity was further demonstrated in a double-marker staining procedure using an anti-leukocyte common antigen monoclonal antibody (T200) as counterstain. A comparative analysis showed that immunocytology was clearly superior to conventional cytology (n = 212) and histology (n = 39). In 9.5-20.5% of patients without distant metastasis, tumor cells could be detected in bone marrow. We found a significant correlation between tumor cells in bone marrow and conventional risk factors, such as distant metastasis or lymph node involvement. In a first approach toward immunotherapy we demonstrated in 3 patients that infused monoclonal antibody 17-1A can label single tumor cells in bone marrow in vivo. We then used this approach to follow up 7 patients undergoing 17-1A therapy in an adjuvant clinical trial.
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PMID:Micrometastatic cancer cells in bone marrow: in vitro detection with anti-cytokeratin and in vivo labeling with anti-17-1A monoclonal antibodies. 244 26

Two human renal carcinoma cell lines have been established from the same patient. One cell line (CCF-RC1) was obtained from the primary tumor and the second (CCF-RC2) was established from cells of the renal vein effluent of the perfused tumorous kidney. Although they were established from the same patient, the cell lines differed in certain biological properties. They have been passaged up to 50 times in vitro for about two years. Each has an epithelial morphology and exhibits mutilayering. Cell cycle time of CCF-RC1 and CCF-RC2 was 34 and 36 h, respectively. They exhibited anchorage independent growth, and the plating efficiency of CCF-RC2 in soft agar was higher than that of CCF-RC1. Both lines induced tumors in nude mice at the site of s.c. injection closely resembling the original tumor in histological examination. Electron microscopic features of both tumors in nude mice were consistent with epithelial origin. Doubling time of CCF-RC1 and CCF-RC2 in nude mice was 11 and 12 days, respectively. CCF-RC1 and CCF-RC2 have hypotetraploid karyotype and modal numbers of 83 and 73, presenting two and three marker chromosomes, respectively. Immunocytology with commercial monoclonal antibodies against renal carcinoma (URO-3) and cytokeratin (Mac 6) showed positive reactions with both lines, suggesting that these cell lines derived from renal epithelium. A murine monoclonal antibody (2E11) was generated against CCF-RC2 by the hybridoma technique; 2E11 reacted with CCF-RC2, but not with CCF-RC1. These cell lines may provide a useful model for the study of tumor heterogeneity and its relationship to metastasis.
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PMID:Characterization of two cell lines with distinct phenotypes and genotypes established from a patient with renal cell carcinoma. 258 48


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