Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An elevation of melatonin secretion parallel to an enhanced production of macrophage-derived biopterin was observed in female F344 Fischer rats bearing passage 2 serial transplants derived from a malignant mammary tumor induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). As opposed to that both parameters were depressed at passage 12. These results indicate the presence of divergent immunoneuroendocrine interactions during different phases of tumor growth. Since these biochemical events must have their common origin in changes taking place within these tumor transplants the current histopathological study was initiated. The primary tumor used for serial transplantation was a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland showing cytokeratin-positive epithelial components located in the inner epithelial tubule layer. In addition, bland-looking round or elongated actin-positive myoepithelial cells were detected which apart from epithelial cells are known to constitute the main cellular components of the mammary ductal system which resemble smooth muscle cells both morphologically and functionally. The tumor of passage 1 showed glandular tubules, lined by an inner epithelial layer, and many nests of clear, bland-looking actin-positive myoepithelial cells lying around tubules as well as in the stroma between actin-negative epithelial elements. The tumor of passage 2 used for transplantation consisted of a chaotic mixture of epithelial carcinomatous cells, forming a few irregular small tubules or solid nests, and, predominantly, of elongated plump or spindle-shaped, "myoid" atypical myoepithelial cells with a strong actin-positive reaction and some of these cells showed a focal vimentin expression. The tumor was characterized as a carcinosarcoma. At passage 12 epithelial cells were not identified. The tumor displayed features of a pleomorphic sarcoma consisting mainly of giant cells with bizarre nuclei being cytokeratin- and desmin-negative, weakly vimentin-positive but strongly actin-positive. These results indicate that DMBA-induced mammary tumor cells in female F344 Fischer rats undergo dramatic morphological changes during serial transplantation characterized by a total loss of malignant epithelial (carcinomatous) cells and the emergence and subsequent predominance of malignant (sarcomatous) mesenchymal cells. It appears that these sarcomatous cells develop out of myoepithelial cells since atypical myoepithelial cells with a strong actin-positive reaction showed a focal vimentin expression at passage 2 indicating myofibroblastic differentiation as part of mesenchymal transition. The loss of epithelial cell elements as well as a parallel transition of myoepithelial to mesenchymal cell elements during passaging could lead to a lack of immunological recognition of these tumor transplants and to depression of melatonin. Possible mechanisms involved in these phenomena as well as the relevance of these findings for a better understanding of the role of melatonin in human mammary cancer are discussed.
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PMID:Serial transplants of DMBA-induced mammary tumors in fischer rats as model system for human breast cancer: V. Myoepithelial-mesenchymal conversion during passaging as possible cause for modulation of pineal-tumor interaction. 1096 82

New genomic large-scale screening techniques have made the task of establishing an accurate molecular fingerprint of cancer cells feasible. Here, we have used a two-phase strategy for identification of molecular alterations in gliomas. First, cDNA microarrays (Clontech Laboratories, Inc., Research Genetics) were used to pinpoint differentially expressed genes between normal brain and diffuse astrocytomas (grades II-IV), and between a primary tumor and a later tumor reoccurrence in the same patient. More than 200 gene expression alterations were detected from glioblastomas, whereas relatively few changes were seen in grade II and grade III tumors. The most distinct progression-related expression change was the up-regulation of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) gene. Second, a high-density tissue microarray of 418 brain tumors was constructed and used for clinical validation of gene expression changes. Strong expression of IGFBP2 was associated with progression and poor patient survival in diffuse astrocytomas (P < 0.0001). Third, comparisons of the data between (a) multiple spots retrieved from one predefined tumor region (IGFBP2 and vimentin immunohistochemistry, 20 tumors) or between (b) standard slides and arrayed tissues (p53 immunohistochemistry, 42 tumors) revealed very little variation. In conclusion, the combined use of DNA microarrays and tissue microarrays offers a powerful strategy for rapid identification and thorough characterization of differentially expressed genes in gliomas.
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PMID:Identification of differentially expressed genes in human gliomas by DNA microarray and tissue chip techniques. 1111 44

One objection to using cell cultures for studying the proliferation of tumors is the potential for phenotypic changes that may occur in vitro. Here, we compared the antigen pattern expression of cultured meningioma cells with that of the primary tumor. Cell cultures established from 9 intracranial meningiomas and deparaffinized sections of the resected tumors were analyzed for immunophenotyping with the following antibodies: vimentin, cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, S-100, neuron-specific enolase, synaptophisin, factor VIII-related antigen, CD4, CD31, CD34, CD45RB, CD68-PGM1, CD68-KP, and myeloid/histiocyte antigen (MAC387). Overall, the cultured meningioma cells retained the main feature of the primary tumor, being positive both for mesenchymal antigens and for epithelial antigens. Interestingly, the cultured meningioma cells abundantly expressed the CD68 antigens at early passage. The CD68 antigens, which are normally found on hematopoietic cells like macrophages and monocytes, were not detectable on meningioma cells in situ. Our results show that phenotypic changes on human meningioma cells may occur in vitro. This phenomenon suggests caution when transposing the in vitro results to the in vivo condition.
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PMID:Phenotypic change of human cultured meningioma cells. 1113 90

Cardiac myxoma is the most common primary tumor of the heart. Between 1970 and 1998, 33 myxomas from patients operated at the Cardiosurgical Department were submitted for pathological examination. A review of age, sex and clinical symptoms of the patients as well as of gross and histological features of the tumors is presented. Immunohistochemical examination was performed on 10 selected myxomas-reactivity to vimentin, desmin, S-100 protein, cytokeratin and FVIIIR-Ag. The necessity of histological examination of the embolectomy material is stressed.
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PMID:[Cardiac myxomas]. 1118 10

The lungs are frequent metastatic targets for metastases of extrapulmonary cancer with or without known primary tumor. Metastases of extrapulmonary tumors are found in 20 to 50%. Metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary localizations contributes to about 4% of all diagnosed carcinomas. Within this group adenocarcinomas can be found in 60%, squamous cell carcinomas in 15%, unspecified tumors including small cell and undifferentiated tumors in 25% histogenetically. Due to overlapping histologic features a histopathological distinction of primary and secondary tumors might be difficult. Topography, size and form of pulmonary growth pattern are important aspects for the differential diagnosis. Primary lung tumors are mainly localized in upper lobes as singular nodules, metastases in lower lobes as multiple lesions. For the distinction of endobronchial primary or secondary squamous cell carcinomas findings of severe dysplasia and CIS of the bronchial epithelium are important. Stroma and vascularisation pattern of primary and secondary lung tumors differ in distribution, arrangement and extracellular matrix components. Pulmonary vascular changes in primary tumors are characterized by vascular infiltration, destruction and occlusion whereas in secondary tumors intravascular embolisation and extravasation predominate. Immunohistochemical techniques using different algorithms of antibodies (cyto-keratins, neuroendocrine markers, TTF-1, vimentin, HMB 45, LCA, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes etc.) give vital clues as to the origin of the primary tumor. Metastases of thyroid or prostate carcinomas, melanomas, sarcomas, lymphomas etc. can be reliably differentiated. Molecular investigations are up to now only subject in research.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis of primary lung tumors and pulmonary metastases]. 1121 30

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas was studied in a 20-year-old woman and a 54-year-old woman. In the younger patient, the tumor had metastasized to the liver 8 years after distal pancreatectomy. In both neoplasms, the distinct histologic pattern of solid, pseudopapillary, and degenerative cystic areas was present. Analysis by means of immunohistochemistry revealed a diffuse expression for vimentin, neuron-specific enolase, and a focal positivity for al-antitrypsin, whereas epithelial markers were negative in the tumor of the older patient and only focally expressed in the tumor of the younger patient. Immunohistochemical analysis of cell cycle-associated proteins provided an overexpression of cyclin D1 and cyclin D3 in both tumors, although to varying degrees. In addition, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21, and to a lesser extent p27, were up-regulated just as mdm2. There was no accumulation of p53 protein, and Ki67-positive cells were extremely scarce. Analysis of the liver metastases showed an immunoreactive profile similar to that of the primary tumor. The results show a deregulation of the cell cycle with overexpression of cell cycle-activating proteins D1 and D3 and a probably counterbalancing upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27. The findings may explain the low pool of Ki67-reactive tumor cells and the generally good clinical outcome of these tumors. Whether a more profound dysbalance of the cell cycle regulation is responsible for the development of metastatic disease remains to be clarified.
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PMID:Deregulated expression of cell cycle-associated proteins in solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas. 1123 5

A variable proportion of bile duct adenomas of the liver are still confused with metastatic well-differentiated adenocarcinoma by surgeons and pathologists. We present here three examples of previously undescribed primary hepatic bile duct tumors that were composed almost entirely of clear cells that closely mimicked metastatic renal cell carcinoma. They were interpreted as atypical bile duct adenomas and occurred in two males and one female whose ages ranged from 25 to 64 years. All three tumors were incidental findings and measured from 0.8 to 1.1 cm. The clear neoplastic cells showed mild nuclear atypia and no mitotic activity. They were arranged in tubules and nests that focally infiltrated the hepatic parenchyma. For comparison, a case of clear cell cholangiocarcinoma and 13 conventional bile duct adenomas were examined. The clear cell cholangiocarcinoma was larger (6.0 cm) and had the tubular pattern of conventional cholangiocarcinoma and an abundant desmoplastic stroma. The clear cells of this tumor exhibited greater nuclear atypia and increased mitotic activity. All three atypical bile duct adenomas expressed cytokeratin (CK) 7, p53 protein, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA); they were negative for CK20, vimentin, Hep Par 1, chromogranin, and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and exhibited less than 10% of Ki-67-positive nuclei. One atypical bile duct adenoma displayed luminal immunoreactivity for villin. With the exception of Ki-67 reactivity, the 13 conventional bile duct adenomas and the clear cell cholangiocarcinoma had essentially a similar immunohistochemical profile as that of the atypical clear cell bile duct adenomas. The absence of an extrahepatic primary tumor, the histologic features, the immunohistochemical profile, and the fact that all patients are symptom-free 2 months to 18 years after wedge liver biopsy support the interpretation of atypical clear cell bile duct adenoma. The differential diagnosis with clear cell hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic clear cell carcinomas is discussed.
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PMID:Atypical bile duct adenoma, clear cell type: a previously undescribed tumor of the liver. 1142 Apr 69

The clinical and pathological features, including ultrastructural and immunohistochemical findings, of a primary myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the uterus in a 60-year-old woman are reported. Microscopically, the principal feature of the tumor was a hypocellular area with diffuse degeneration, containing thin-walled curvilinear vessels, in which hyperchromatic small spindle and stellate cells, sometimes with vacuolated cytoplasm, were found. The transplanted tumor of primary cultured cells in nude mice presented as a prominent myxoid stroma confirming the histological structure of the primary tumor. Immunohistochemically, the presence of epithelial or heterogenous mesenchymal tumor components or cells of smooth muscle derivation were excluded and the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, CD 68, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. Ultrastracturally, pseudopodia and filopodia at the cell membrane and intracytoplasmic lysosomal granules were common. The patient had debulking surgery but died 38 days after the primary onset with the tumor occupying the entire abdomen and the pelvis.
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PMID:Myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the uterus: a case with immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and tumor cell culture studies. 1149 Oct 17

The present case involved a 70-year-old woman who was diagnosed with a right cerebral hemorrhage. Excisional surgery of the hematoma was performed. Grossly, a whitish, solid tumor (1 x 1 x 0.8 cm in size) was recognized in the hematoma. Histologically, the tumor was composed of large, polygonal cells and small undifferentiated cells in a jumbled architectural arrangement with a cartilage component. The large, polygonal cell component was conspicuous and somewhat rhabdoid in appearance and appeared to be an astrocytic tumor showing glial differentiation. The small, undifferentiated cell component resembled tumor cells of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Clinical follow-up of the patient for 2 months after the first operation revealed recurrence with rapid growth. A second operation was performed, but the patient died 8 months after the first operation (2 months after the second). Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells suggesting glial differentiation were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and vimentin. PNET-like components in the primary tumor were positive for NSE, GFAP, and S-100, and weakly positive for vimentin and synaptophysin. Each tumor cell was negative for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), keratin, desmin, actin, myoglobin, neurofilament (NF), and MIC2 protein. The recurrent tumor revealed predominantly PNET-like components; however, only a few tumor cells were positive for GFAP. This appearance suggested that this brain tumor might originate from a common multipotential stem cell. Considering its histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, the primary tumor was finally regarded as an undifferentiated glioma with dedifferentiation of the glial component in the recurrent tumor.
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PMID:A case of undifferentiated glioma in a 70-year-old woman. 1151 75

A case of ovarian fibrosarcoma producing multiple cytokines is presented. The tumor occurred in the left ovary of a Japanese woman with epigastralgia, remittent fever, leukocytosis and slight thrombocytosis with moderate increase of mast cells in bone marrow, but lack of hormonal abnormality. The resected tumor of the ovary was well encapsulated and it was composed of spindle-shaped tumor cells and scattered tubules with marked mast cell infiltration. The tumor recurred in the pelvic cavity 14 months later, accompanied by similar signs and symptoms as occurred with the primary tumor. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were elevated. The recurrent tumor showed similar histological findings to those of the primary tumor, except for lack of tubules. Tumor cells revealed a focally positive immunoreaction for vimentin, IL-6 and TNF-alpha and alpha-inhibin. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using total RNA obtained from the recurrent tumor demonstrated mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha and stem cell factor. This is a rare case of ovarian fibrosarcoma producing multiple cytokines, resulting in atypical clinical findings.
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PMID:Ovarian fibrosarcoma producing multiple cytokines. 1169 80


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