Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunohistology was performed on 84 paraffin-embedded surgical specimens of malignant melanomas (MM) from a total of 74 patients. The series consisted of 62 cutaneous primary tumors and 22 (partly selected) secondary manifestations (9 cutaneous recurrences and 13 metastases). In 4 patients with lymph node MM infiltrates, clinical investigations failed to identify a cutaneous primary tumor. In the primary and secondary manifestations respectively, the following proportions of immunohistologically positive cases were recorded: vimentin 100% each, S100-protein 95% each, NSE 87%/77%, HMB45 97%/64%, NKI/C3 97%/95%, cytokeratins (CK) (antibodies KL1, CAM5.2 and 35 beta H11) 0%/23%. Four of the 5 CK-positive lesions belonged to 3 patients in whom MM had occurred at first or exclusively as a lymph node infiltration. These findings confirm the results of other authors who report that positive staining results for CK can be expected in paraffin sections of secondary manifestations of MM in up to 10% of cases in large, nonselected series. This phenomenon appears, however, to be rare in primary cutaneous MM.
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PMID:[Positive cytokeratin results in malignant melanoma. Pitfall in differential immunohistologic diagnosis of occult neoplasms]. 752 71

In search of biomarkers that predict of human prostate cancer progression, we hypothesized that these markers must be expressed in prostatic epithelial cells during multi-step prostate carcinogenesis. Since both genetic and epigenetic factors have been implicated in human prostate cancer development, two osseous-metastatic experimental models were developed in our laboratory, one based on gene transfection and the other on stromal-epithelial interaction studies. In the genetic model, PC-3 cells transfected with point-mutated c-erbB-2/neu oncogene subsequently acquired the potential to metastasize from the prostate to soft tissues and the skeleton. In the epigenetic model, sublines derived from the parental androgen-dependent LNCaP cell line metastasized from the primary tumor to the lymph node and bone. Cells with known lineage relationships were cloned from both the primary and the metastatic tumors and were characterized extensively using cellular, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular techniques. Relevant stage-specific biomarkers associated with prostate cancer progression in these two models were defined and used to evaluate human prostate tissues obtained from the clinic. In this communication, we focused our discussion on the potential importance of c-erbB-2/neu oncogene, vimentin, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor and its receptor, c-met oncogene, tumor angiogenesis and neuroendocrine factors as biomarkers for human prostate cancer progression.
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PMID:Biomarkers associated with prostate cancer progression. 752 53

The emerging clinical relevance of bone marrow micrometastasis has prompted several investigations, using a variety of immunocytochemical approaches. The present study was designed to evaluate some of the variables affecting the immunocytochemical detection of individual epithelial tumor cells in bone marrow. Using an alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase staining technique, we evaluated bone marrow aspirates from 358 patients with primary carcinomas of the breast (n = 150), lung (n = 66), prostate (n = 42), or colorectum (n = 100). Individual tumor cells in cytological preparations were detected with monoclonal antibody (MAb) CK2 to the epithelial cytokeratin component 18 (CK18), which has been validated in extensive clinical studies. In addition, the utility of the broad-spectrum MAb A45-B/B3 was explored in this study. The high specificity of MAbs CK2 and A45-B/B3 was supported by analysis of bone marrow from 75 noncarcinoma control patients and by double-marker analysis with MAbs to mesenchymal marker proteins (CD45 and vimentin). In contrast, MAbs E29 and HMFG1, directed to mucin-like epithelial membrane proteins, cross-reacted with hematopoietic cells in 26.7-42.7% of all samples tested. The majority of the 154 positive samples (43.0%) from cancer patients displayed less than 10 CK18-positive cells per 8 x 10(5) marrow cells analyzed. The detection rate, however, was affected by blood contamination of the aspirate, the number of aspirates analyzed, and the number of marrow cells screened per aspiration site. Comparative immunostaining of bone marrow specimens with MAbs CK2 and A45-B/B3 indicated that downregulation of CK18 in micrometastatic carcinoma cells occurs in about 50% of the 172 samples analyzed, regardless of the primary tumor origin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Methodological analysis of immunocytochemical screening for disseminated epithelial tumor cells in bone marrow. 753 Jan 32

A childhood embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, designated as TS-RM-1, was established from transplanted tumor in nude mouse. TS-RM-1 cells were small, spindle to polygonal shaped and cytoplasm was rich in glycogen. Estimated population doubling time was 31 hours and the distribution of chromosome number was in the range of 88 to 98. The karyotype of TS-RM-1 cells revealed nonrandom structural chromosome alterations, including der(3)t(1;3)(q12;p12-14),16q-,17q+ and 21q+. In immuno-cytohistochemical study, both TS-RM-1 cells and the primary tumor were positive for desmin and vimentin. TS-RM-1 cell line may be useful for studying the association between embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and a specific alteration in chromosome 3.
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PMID:[Establishment and characterization of a childhood embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cell line with nonrandom chromosome alterations]. 766 51

Renal cell carcinoma can have solitary adrenal metastasis years or even decades after resection of the primary tumor. The difficulty in distinguishing an adrenocortical adenoma from a solitary metastasis of a renal cell carcinoma prompted us to study 10 adrenal adenomas, 11 primary renal cell carcinomas, and three renal cell carcinomas metastatic to the adrenal gland by immunohistochemical stains and flow cytometry to determine if these techniques could help make the distinction. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for detection of cytokeratin, vimentin, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Cytokeratin, vimentin, and EMA were detected in 10/11, 9/11, and 11/11 primary renal cell carcinomas, respectively, and 1/3, 2/3, and 3/3 metastatic renal cell carcinomas, respectively. All cases of adrenal adenoma were negative for the three antigens. DNA content analysis by flow cytometry showed no evidence of an abnormal DNA stemline in any of the cases except one renal cell carcinoma. We conclude that staining for EMA is consistently strongly positive in primary and metastatic renal cell carcinomas and consistently negative in adrenal adenomas, proving to be a useful distinguishing marker. Cytokeratin and vimentin, although uniformly absent in adrenal adenomas, are variably and often only weakly positive in renal cell carcinomas, and therefore of less help in making the distinction. Flow cytometry analysis has no discriminatory value in these cases.
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PMID:Adrenal cortical adenoma and adrenal metastasis of renal cell carcinoma: immunohistochemical and DNA ploidy analysis. 767 35

Malignant schwannoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in adults, but primary schwannoma of the liver is extremely rare. We report an autopsy case of malignant schwannoma of the liver in a 63-year-old man. The tumor involved almost the entire right lobe of the liver. Microscopically, it was composed of moderately pleomorphic spindle cells with hyperchromatic nuclei with mitotic figures. The spindle cells were stained positively with antibodies to both S-100 protein and vimentin. Necrosis was found in the primary tumor. Only four other cases of malignant schwannoma of the liver were found in a review of the literature. Pertinent features of these tumors are discussed.
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PMID:Malignant schwannoma of the liver. 778 47

Prostate cancer with marked neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation belongs to the hormone resistant carcinomas. We report the development of TSH-secreting small cell prostate cancer (SCPC) from high grade adenocarcinoma (Gleason score 8) with an elevated number of chromogranin A positive cells located in benign structures adjacent to the cancer. Conversion to SCPC was followed-up during 4 years. The initial adenocarcinoma exerted a stronger positivity for PAP than for PSA (respective staining indexes, Sls, 2.2 and 1.8, maximum staining 3.0). In the developed SCPC, 2 cell subpopulations that were derived from epithelial cells were found (positive stain for EMA and CEA, respectively) and from one of them originated CEA-positive liver metastases. Blood CEA and NSE levels were elevated in SCPC (284 ng/ml and 24.5 ng/ml). However, blood TPS level which reflects proliferation of epithelial cells was within the normal range. The development of a << pure >> sarcomatoid prostatic tumor from adenocarcinoma with 2 areas of similar differentiation grades (Gleason score 7 and 9-10) that initially differ in staining for PSA and PAP (SIs for PSA were 1.2 and 0.02 and for PAP were 1.6 and 0.02, respectively) was followed-up during 4 years of treatment with Estracyt. Adenocarcinoma tissue specimens was slightly CEA-positive. The disappearance of lower grade adenocarcinoma during treatment was accompanied by the development of sarcomatoid areas that were 100% vimentin positive. In the last year of follow-up the primary tumor was composed only of vimentin positive sarcomatoid cells with a slight positivity for Chromogranin A, NSE and ACTH. In parallel, normal serum PSA and PAP values and elevated CEA and NSE serotests (12.6 ng/ml and 24.7 ng/ml, respectively) were found. Blood TPS level was at the upper limit of the normal range. Scintigraphy revealed extensive liver metastases. The recorded data indicate (i) extremely poor prognoses associated with high grade adenocarcinomas that demonstrate stronger immunohistochemical positivity for PAP than that for PSA (ii), chromogranin A positive cells in benign structures adjacent to the cancer as a possible paracrine promoter of SCPC from poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and (iii) a high degree of heterogeneity of both SCPC and sarcomatoid prostatic neoplasms with some evidence for definite links (EMA and CEA) to secretory epithelial cells.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical staining and serotest markers during development of a sarcomatoid and small cell prostate tumor. 784 May 15

Few published reports describe patients with giant cell fibroblastoma, a rare, benign soft-tissue tumor that recurs locally and predominantly arises in children. A 4-year-old boy underwent surgery for removal of a giant cell fibroblastoma in the paranasal region, an unusual site. Six months after excision the tumor recurred locally. Immunohistochemical examination of the primary tumor and recurrence revealed vimentin positive staining in the cytoplasm of all the cells. The multinucleated giant cells and the flat cells bordering the vessel-like spaces were negative for Factor VIII-related antigen, S-100 protein, actin and desmin. Some histiocytes stained positively for alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, antimacrophage and lysozyme antibodies. These immunoreactions indicate that giant cell fibroblastomas have a fibrohistiocytic origin.
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PMID:Paranasal giant cell fibroblastoma: case report and immunohistochemical findings. 804 95

A cell line termed LC 89 was established from a peritracheal lymph node metastasis removed from a 54-year-old patient who underwent surgery for pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Chromosomal analyses demonstrated structural and numerical aberrations, with a mode of 54 chromosomes per cell and several nonrandom abnormalities. The localization of intermediate filament antigens, low-molecular-weight (LMW) cytokeratins and vimentin, demonstrated a switch from LMW cytokeratins, predominantly expressed in primary tumor cells, to vimentin detected in LC 89 cells that were grown in vitro or transplanted into nude mice. In view of the phenotypic and chromosomal features, LC 89 should provide a useful addition to the cell lines currently available for in vitro and in vivo studies of lung cancer.
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PMID:Genotypic, phenotypic and biological characterization of a novel human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (LC 89) 819 4

Eight canine tumors originating from specific glandular structures in the anal region, as well as metastatic tumor tissue of two of these cases (case Nos. 7, 8), were immunohistochemically analyzed using various monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against human keratin types, vimentin, neurofilament proteins, and alpha-smooth muscle actin. These tumors also were stained for the broad-spectrum neuroendocrine markers neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and synaptophysin. In histologically normal canine anal structures, alpha-smooth muscle actin and NSE antibodies stained basally localized (probably myoepithelial) cells in the anal glands and the anal sac glands. NSE staining also was present in a limited number of luminal cells in both anal glands and anal sac glands. Synaptophysin labeling was not observed in any of these glandular structures. Histologically, the tumors were differentiated into well- and moderately differentiated perianal gland tumors (n = 5) and carcinomas without perianal gland differentiation (n = 3), corresponding to the so-called apocrine carcinomas of the anal region. Immunohistochemically, the perianal gland tumors could be differentiated from the carcinomas by marked differences in staining pattern with the various keratin MoAbs, particularly MoAbs directed against human keratin types 7 and 18. The keratin-staining characteristics of the carcinomas suggest a glandular luminal cell origin. Metastases of the carcinomas showed loss of some keratin-staining characteristics as compared with the primary tumor. Staining for NSE was only observed in solitary cells and small cell clusters in the carcinomas and their metastases, whereas the alpha-smooth muscle actin antibody did not react with the carcinoma cells. None of the tumors stained for neurofilament proteins or synaptophysin. An unequivocal neuroendocrine nature of the carcinomas could not be substantiated by our immunohistochemical study, although the presence of a population of neuroendocrine cells within these neoplasms seems likely. Because the immunohistochemical features of the carcinomas with respect to various keratin MoAbs and NSE are similar to those of the anal glands and the anal sac glands, both these glands might be considered as site of origin of these carcinomas.
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PMID:The expression of keratins, vimentin, neurofilament proteins, smooth muscle actin, neuron-specific enolase, and synaptophysin in tumors of the specific glands in the canine anal region. 821 57


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