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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An immunohistochemical study of 40 primary and secondary malignant melanomas in 27 patients, with routinely-used monoclonal antibodies, demonstrated the antigenic pattern exhibited by these tumors, as well as the frequency of aberrant positivities for epithelial cell markers. The following results were found: 95% of melanomas stained positively for S100 protein and vimentin, which is the characteristic immunohistochemical pattern in melanomas. In most cases, the primary tumor and its metastases in a given patient had the same antigenic phenotype. As for epithelial markers, 10% of melanomas stained positively for KL1 and 27.5% for EMA. Despite this relatively high frequency of KL1 and EMA positivities, in practice, simultaneous positivity for S100 protein and vimentin, confronted with the patient's history and with histologic features, firmly establishes the diagnosis of malignant melanoma in virtually all cases.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical characteristics of malignant melanoma. A study of 40 cases and review of the literature]. 218 22

The ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of a primary tumor of the ileum showing the classic histologic features of an inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) of the gastrointestinal tract are presented. Ultrastructurally the proliferating cells showed a combination of fibroblastic and histiocytic features, with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and active production of collagen in many of the cells and long, dendritic cytoplasmic projections with large cytoplasmic vacuoles containing remnants of phagocytosed cellular debris in others. Immunohistochemical studies showed strong cytoplasmic positivity in the proliferating cells with vimentin antibodies and scattered positivity with muramidase. Additional findings include the ultrastructural demonstration of oligocilia and occasional primitive intercellular junctions. The findings in this case suggest that IFP may represent a proliferation of primitive submucosal stromal cells exhibiting incomplete fibrohistiocytic differentiation.
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PMID:Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the small intestine: ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observations. 218 50

A cell line (RM-HS1) derived from a human epithelioid sarcoma was established in tissue culture. Ultrastructurally, the cells show features of those found within the primary tumor. A mixed mesenchymal-epithelial phenotype, defined by reactivity with antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen and to vimentin and keratin intermediate filaments, was found in the tumor, and a similar phenotype persisted in the cultured cells. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a mode of 66 chromosomes. With the use of a variety of banding techniques together with in situ hybridization of a 3H-labeled molecular probe for 18s and 28s ribosomal RNA genes (pX1r101), the karyotypes were shown to contain extensive numerical and structural rearrangements, with up to 24 marker chromosomes.
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PMID:Ultrastructural, immunocytochemical, and cytogenetic characterization of a human epithelioid sarcoma cell line (RM-HS1). 243 6

Wilms' tumor has been proposed to originate from a developmental abnormality of the metanephric blastema. This undifferentiated component of Wilms' tumors has previously eluded efforts for in vitro growth. Blastema from a "classical" Wilms' tumor was transplanted into nude mice and passaged through 12 generations of heterotransplantation. Tumors from heterotransplants were grown for 12 serial passages in a serum-free growth medium supplemented with hormones and conditioned media from human kidney proximal tubule cells. The blastema initially grew on a collagen-fetal calf serum matrix as multicellular spheroids, and the cells proliferating from the rim of the spheroids had a flattened shape. Pulse-labeling with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) identified the proliferating cell population as blastemal in origin. Except for a loss of extracellular matrix, ultrastructural studies demonstrated morphologic similarities in the cultured cells, compared with the primary tumor and heterotransplants. Lectin histochemical stains for the peanut lectin (PNA) and immunohistochemical stains for cytokeratin (CYTO), vimentin (VIM), and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) were performed on the original tumor, successive heterotransplants, and cells grown in vitro. The PNA stained the surface of the blastemal cells after sialidase digestion in the original tumor, heterotransplants, and cultured cells. The blastema of the original tumors was negative for CYTO and EMA but reactive for vimentin. This lack of differentiation was maintained in heterotransplants through 12 passages. However, blastemal cells demonstrated coexpression of CYTO and VIM intermediate filaments when grown in a serum-free medium on a matrix material. These studies demonstrate that the blastemal component of Wilms' tumor can be successfully grown in culture, passaged in nude mouse heterotransplants, and shown to undergo early stages of blastemal differentiation in vitro by growth in serum-free medium. This in vitro system provides a model for testing the factors that influence the growth and differentiation of the blastemal component of Wilms' tumors.
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PMID:The in vitro growth, heterotransplantation, and immunohistochemical characterization of the blastemal component of Wilms' tumor. 244 11

Seven human glioblastoma cell lines established in vitro from primary tumor explants were studied. A marked heterogeneity of glial fibrillary acidic protein was observed whereas vimentin was uniformly expressed by all cell lines. Indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytofluorometry revealed a heterogeneous distribution of surface GE 2 and CG 12 tumor-associated antigens (TAA's): three cell lines were positive (greater than 69% TAA-positive cells) and three cell lines were negative (less than 9% TAA-positive cells). One cell line (Hu 228) was moderately positive at early culture passages and subsequently acquired a TAA-negative phenotype. The difference in the relative amounts of surface TAA's of the three positive cell lines was less than twofold. In spite of the heterogeneous distribution of surface TAA's, all cell lines exhibited considerable amounts of intracellular TAA. Treatment with phorbol esters and density-dependent growth arrest decreased the percentage of the TAA-positive cells and the amount of cell-surface TAA's in one cell line (Hu 195). Interferon-gamma treatment in vitro increased the percentage of CG 12-positive cells by 12% and the amount of cell-surface CG 12 antigens by 38% as compared to untreated cells. The percentage of TAA-positive cells among phorbol ester-treated cells of the Hu 195 cell line was lowest 48 hours after treatment, but returned to normal values within the next 48 hours. Reduction of 3H-thymidine incorporation preceded the decrease in number of TAA-positive cells by about 18 hours. Two-color fluorescence analysis performed in positive cell lines for simultaneous determination of surface TAA's and deoxyribonucleic acid content or reactivity with the proliferation-associated Ki67 intracellular marker indicated that GE 2 and CG 12 antigens are expressed preferentially by actively proliferating glioma cells. The results of this study indicate the existence of two different phenotypes in cultured human glioblastoma cells: surface TAA-positive/cytosol TAA-positive and surface TAA-negative/cytosol TAA-positive cell populations. In addition, modulation of TAA expression was dependent on the cell-cycle differentiation stage, culture conditions, and proliferative state of the cells.
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PMID:Heterogeneity and modulation of tumor-associated antigens in human glioblastoma cell lines. 276 91

Two undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcomas of liver were studied ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically. Electron microscopic examination of the pleomorphic tumor cells revealed fibroblastic and histiocytic characteristics. There were no specific findings to support rhabdomyoblastic, leiomyoblastic, or epithelial differentiation. Cytoplasmic peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical staining for vimentin, alpha1-antitrypsin, and alpha1-antichymotrypsin was found. No staining for epidermal or internal organ cytokeratins, desmin, myoglobin, or alpha-fetoprotein was observed. The ultrastructural correlates of the cytoplasmic periodic acid-Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant hyaline globules were large, membrane-bound, heterogenous electron-dense inclusions, probably lysosomal in origin. These inclusions did not react on either alpha1-antitrypsin or alpha1-antichymotrypsin PAP staining. Tumor specimens from two metastatic sites were also examined. Neither contained the ducts or cysts that characterized the primary tumor. These studies confirm the mesenchymal nature of this uncommon childhood neoplasm and support the suggestion that the cytoplasmic hyaline globules represent a degenerative phenomenon. There are ultrastructural and immunohistochemical similarities with malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
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PMID:Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver: ultrastructural and immunohistochemical similarities with malignant fibrous histiocytoma. 298 50

Giant cell carcinoma of the vulva has been described as a distinctive primary tumor of the vulva associated with multinucleated tumor giant cells and nuclear pleomorphism. These tumors have been reported to have a poorer prognosis than does squamous cell carcinoma, to which they are thought to be related. Two women were treated for primary vulvar malignancies possessing the morphologic features of giant cell tumor. Electron microscopy was not beneficial in distinguishing the tumors. A panel of immunoperoxidase procedures, including AE 1/3, 35 beta H-11, carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, HMB-45, S-100, leukocyte common antigen, placentalike alkaline phosphatase, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and vimentin made it possible to distinguish the two tumors and characterized one as a nodular amelanotic melanoma with multinucleate tumor giant cells and the second as a squamous cell carcinoma with tumor giant cells. The latter term should replace the term giant cell carcinoma. Histologic criteria can help define this tumor.
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PMID:Two distinct pathologic types of giant cell tumor of the vulva. A report of two cases. 340 13

Important tumour markers in tumours of the oral mucosa and salivary glands are intermediate filaments of cytoskeleton, oncofetal and proliferative antigens, lectin receptors and blood group substances, enzymes, metalloproteins and viral antigens. The special occurrence of the following tumour markers was demonstrated: keratin, vimentin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), lectins (helix pomatia antigen = HPA, peanut agglutinin = PNA), Thomsen-Friedenreich-antigen, blood group substances A and B, amylase, lactoferrin, viral antigens of papilloma virus (group 11 and 16). In oral dysplasia and squamous cell carcinomas, relationships exist between the presence of keratin filaments and cell differentiation. Lectins represent membrane-orientated markers of differentiation. A loss of blood group substances A and B can be observed in oral dysplasias. Papilloma viruses and viral antibodies can be demonstrated in papillomas, leukoplakias and carcinomas. The salivary gland tumours show a distinct pattern of distribution for keratin, vimentin, CEA, TPA, metalloproteins and enzymes. Transplanted human salivary gland tumours in athymic nude mice keep the same tumour marker profile as in the primary tumor.
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PMID:The importance of tumor markers in oral pathology. II. Cell membrane and cytoplasmic antigens as tumour markers. 404 Jun 31

In most cell types intermediate or 10-mm filaments (IF) are a major cytoskeletal organization and, thus, directly or indirectly influence the structural appearance of the cytoplasm. In line with the cell type-specific expression patterns of different IF proteins in normal animal and human tissue, IF typing distinguishes the major tumor groups, as documented by results with several hundred human tumors classified by conventional histologic methods. Carcinomas are characterized by cytokeratins, sarcomas of muscle cells by desmin, nonmuscle sarcomas by vimentin, and gliomas by glial fibrillary acidic protein. Furthermore, certain tumors originating from the sympathetic nervous system, e.g., ganglioneuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, and at least some neuroblastomas, are characterized by the presence of neurofilaments. Carcinomas can often be further subdivided with regard to their possible derivation by examining their cytokeratin profiles. The IF type characteristic of the cell of origin seems to be kept not only in the primary tumor but usually also in solid metastases. In general, tumors do not acquire additional IF types. Therefore, IF typing can provide an unambiguous and rapid characterization in certain cases, that are difficult to diagnose by conventional techniques. Some useful examples are the small cell tumors of childhood and the discrimination between undifferentiated carcinoma and lymphoma. IF typing of a few tumors has already led to a revision or reconsideration of the original light microscopic diagnosis. The combined results indicate that at least certain carcinomas, as well as certain other tumor types, seem to arise by the selective multiplication of a particular and identifiable cell type present in the normal tissue. The procedure is not restricted to tumor material. IF typing of Mallory bodies, Alzheimer's disease tangles, certain myopathies, and the cells of the amniotic fluid offers further interesting applications. Thus, IF typing should become a valuable new tool both in histology and surgical pathology.
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PMID:Tumor diagnosis by intermediate filament typing: a novel tool for surgical pathology. 618 96

The reliability of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the detection of intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal malignancies was evaluated in 308 consecutive cases seen between 1979 and 1983. The prevalence of malignant neoplasms was 68.5%. The overall accuracy of FNAB diagnosis was 88.9%, with a sensitivity of 84.4% and a specificity of 98%. The predictive value of positive and negative results were 98.9% and 74.6%, respectively. Additionally, the cytologic results were statistically evaluated with respect to the different sites of the biopsied lesions (including pancreas, liver, kidneys and miscellaneous sites). The overall accuracy was highest for malignant lesions in the liver (96.4%) and in miscellaneous sites (89.5%). Reasons for false-negative results included incorrect areas sampled, limited material due to fibrosis or necrosis and cytologic misinterpretations. The accuracy of cytologic tumor typing with respect to histogenetic origin was 96.8%. Cytologic subclassification was performed with lower accuracy (82.5%), and exact determination of the site of the primary tumor from cytologic criteria alone was possible for 35.7% of carcinomas. In selected cases, routine cytologic examination was supplemented by intermediate filament typing using well-characterized antibodies against cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin and neurofilaments. Examples are shown in which use of this method clearly increased the accuracy of the diagnosis. Only two serious complications (bleeding) of fine-needle aspiration biopsy were encountered in this series.
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PMID:Ultrasound-guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy of abdominal and retroperitoneal masses. Accuracy of cytology in the diagnosis of malignancy, cytologic tumor typing and use of antibodies to intermediate filaments in selected cases. 638 Jan 81


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