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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

At clinical presentation, the majority of malignant tumors are composed of multiple clonal subpopulations of tumor cells with different phenotypic characteristics. Using the experimental tumor model ER 15-P, a methylcholanthrene-induced pleomorphic sarcoma of the C57 Bl6J mouse, we studied a system of long-term in vivo passages of this primary tumor for cell morphological changes, and alterations in the potential for spontaneous lung metastases. Transplants from the primary after the 4th, 20th, 40th and 80th i.m. passage (referred to as T4, T20, T40, and T80 respectively) together with their lung metastases were investigated by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. In addition, the potential for metastasis to the lungs in each group was determined and compared with that of the parent T4 tumors. T4 tumors were mainly composed of spindle-shaped tumor cells with the ultrastructural features of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, often arranged in a storiform or fasciculated growth pattern, and intermingled with tumor giant cells. Some small areas contained polygonal or rounded tumor cells, ultrastructurally undifferentiated, and sometimes arranged in a hemangiopericytoma-like growth pattern. Although electron-microscopical findings clearly demonstrated the mesenchymal origin of these tumor cells, immunostaining with a polyclonal antibody to vimentin was unspecific in all tumor cells and normal mouse tissue. Monoclonal antibodies to vimentin from different sources were completely negative in tumor cells and murine stromal components. In contrast, myofibroblast-like tumor cells showed immunohistochemically, a moderate to strong co-expression with monoclonal antibodies to desmin, muscle actin and alpha-smooth muscle actin. On the basis of these morphological findings, the primary ER 15-P was classified as a pleomorphic myofibrosarcoma. The lung metastases of T4 tumors were mainly composed of undifferentiated round to polygonal tumor cells, while the number of desmin-positive, muscle- and alpha-smooth muscle-actin-positive cells was reduced. The morphological features of T20 tumors and their lung metastases were the same as in T4, indicating a relative stability of the phenotype up to that stage. In contrast, T40 and T80 tumors and their lung metastases were found to contain almost exclusively undifferentiated tumor cells and many tumor giant cells. While fibroblast-like tumor cells were seen only occasionally, myofibroblast-like tumor cells had almost completely disappeared. The potential for lung metastases was nearly constant in all groups, suggesting metastatic stability. Obviously, the undifferentiated tumor cells of this model are associated with a higher metastatic potential.
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PMID:Morphological heterogeneity and phenotypical instability versus metastatic stability in the murine tumor model ER 15-P. 137 56

Twenty-three cases (12 low grade, 11 high grade) of endometrial stromal sarcoma were studied with monoclonal antibodies to vimentin, keratin, desmin, muscle actin, epithelial membrane antigen, and collagen type IV, using the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method. Tumors were highly variable in the expression of these antigens. Some tumors contained both epithelial and smooth muscle-related antigens; others were immunoreactive only for the intermediate filament vimentin. Immunoreactivity patterns for metastases or recurrences were similar to the respective primary tumor and no correlation was observed between tumor grade and antigen expression. Normal myometrium, when present, was keratin-positive and variably epithelial membrane antigen-positive. We conclude that endometrial stromal sarcoma, as well as normal myometrium, may express both epithelial and/or muscle-related antigens. These findings most likely reflect a common mesodermal-mullerian derivation and illustrate the intimate relationship of the endometrial stromal cell to the endometrial glands and myometrium. Knowledge of these immunoreactivity patterns is essential when evaluating poorly differentiated uterine tumors or spindle cell tumors presenting in extrauterine locations.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry of endometrial stromal sarcoma. 170 3

A primary tumor composed of mature adipose tissue and smooth muscle occurring in the anterior abdominal wall of a 46 yr old Filipino woman is described. The tumor was not attached to the uterus, but had an appearance similar to a uterine lipoleiomyoma. It appeared as a soft, rubbery, encapsulated 11 cm ovoid mass with a uniform, white cut surface. Histologically, there were long intersecting bundles of bland smooth muscle mixed with nests of mature fat cells. The presence of differentiated smooth muscle was confirmed by fuchsinophilia, desmin positivity and electron microscopy. The patient also had 6 intramural leiomyomas, an area of adenomyosis, a subcutaneous lipoma of the subscapular region and chronic schistosomiasis of the appendix and left adnexa.
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PMID:Soft tissue lipoleiomyoma. 178 29

A 76-year-old man with spindle cell (squamous) carcinoma of the lung developed fatal respiratory failure after limited thoracic irradiation at a total dose of 18 Gy. He developed severe pulmonary toxicity, which presented as dry cough, dyspnea, and pulmonary infiltrates extending beyond the radiation field. Microscopically, a transitional form of squamous to spindle-shaped cells was observed in the primary tumor, located at right S8. Immunohistochemical examination showed positive staining of spindle cells for keratin, vimentin, and EMA, but not for desmin. These results indicate that the spindle cells had characteristics of squamous epithelial cells, and differed from carcinosarcoma. Distant metastatic lesions were composed of only the spindle cell component.
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PMID:[A case of spindle cell (squamous) carcinoma (WHO) of the lung]. 180 85

The article describes a case of gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor, which is histogenetically related to the gastrointestinal autonomic plexus (hence the name plexosarcoma). This rare and only recently recognized tumor of the gastrointestinal tract appears to have significant prognostic implications. This tumor cannot be diagnosed unequivocally by light microscopic and immunocytochemical examinations but shows characteristic electron microscopic features. The present case occurred as a gastric primary tumor and exhibited a light and electron microscopic picture similar to the one described in previous reports: areas of spindle-shaped and epithelioid cells, cytoplasmic processes with dense-core granules, and cytoplasmic intermediate filaments. Ultrastructural characteristics diagnostic of other gastrointestinal tumors, such as those originating from smooth muscle, Schwann cell, or endocrine cell types, were absent. Immunocytochemically, the tumor was diffusely positive for vimentin and neuron-specific enolase and focally positive for neurofilament triplet protein (NFTP) 160. Negative staining was observed for NFTP 200, S-100 protein, desmin, somatostatin, chromogranin, keratins (AE1/AE3), and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Although gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor has been reported to have a deceptively low-grade malignant appearance by light microscopy, it follows an aggressive clinical course. This tumor showed a much higher mitotic rate (one mitosis per high-power field) than the rates of tumors reported previously. Moreover, it occurred in a much younger patient (20 years of age) compared to previously reported cases (45 to 66 years of age), with the exception of one other case (16 years of age).
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PMID:Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor. 184 28

Two cases of the so-called ovarian myxoma are reported. One was from a 13-year-old girl who had a 31-year follow-up and no evidence of recurrence. The second case, from a 65-year-old woman, recurred intraperitoneally, 19 years after the surgery. Both tumors were myxoid, with round to stellate cells. Immunohistochemical, electron microscopic (EM), and DNA flow cytometric (FCM) studies were performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue of the second patient on both the primary tumor and the recurrence. Tumor cells expressed vimentin and were focally positive for desmin and myoglobin. EM findings suggested a fibroblastic differentiation. An aneuploid cell population was present in the recurrent tumor by DNA-FCM studies. Only four other cases of so-called ovarian myxoma were reported to date, and the follow-up does not exceed 18 months. The authors conclude that the presence of aneuploidy and the late recurrence of one of their cases suggest that certain ovarian myxomas might behave like low-grade sarcomas. The histogenesis of this tumor remains unsettled, but similarities were found with myxomas in other locations.
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PMID:Ovarian myxoma. A study of two cases with long-term follow-up. 199 43

Two cases of congenital or infantile fibrosarcoma are described that were incompletely excised at the time of primary excision and have not recurred or metastasized after 3 years. The tumors were composed of densely cellular spindle cells with a high mitotic index. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for vimentin but negative for desmin and S-100. The tumor cells were grown in vitro, and a karyotype was obtained. Both tumors had normal diploid modal karyotypes. In addition, fragments of the primary tumor from both cases were injected subcutaneously into nude mice; neither tumor could be heterotransplanted. The clinical course and biologic features of these two tumors suggest that congenital or infantile sarcoma does not have the properties of a malignant neoplasm, and thus the designation of these tumors as a sarcoma may be a misnomer.
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PMID:Infantile fibrosarcoma--a misnomer? 208 36

Two undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcomas of liver were studied ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically. Electron microscopic examination of the pleomorphic tumor cells revealed fibroblastic and histiocytic characteristics. There were no specific findings to support rhabdomyoblastic, leiomyoblastic, or epithelial differentiation. Cytoplasmic peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical staining for vimentin, alpha1-antitrypsin, and alpha1-antichymotrypsin was found. No staining for epidermal or internal organ cytokeratins, desmin, myoglobin, or alpha-fetoprotein was observed. The ultrastructural correlates of the cytoplasmic periodic acid-Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant hyaline globules were large, membrane-bound, heterogenous electron-dense inclusions, probably lysosomal in origin. These inclusions did not react on either alpha1-antitrypsin or alpha1-antichymotrypsin PAP staining. Tumor specimens from two metastatic sites were also examined. Neither contained the ducts or cysts that characterized the primary tumor. These studies confirm the mesenchymal nature of this uncommon childhood neoplasm and support the suggestion that the cytoplasmic hyaline globules represent a degenerative phenomenon. There are ultrastructural and immunohistochemical similarities with malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
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PMID:Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver: ultrastructural and immunohistochemical similarities with malignant fibrous histiocytoma. 298 50

In the current study DNA-ploidy was determined in a group of 11 desmin-positive rhabdomyosarcomas and found to be aneuploid in all of them. In three cases, synchronous metastases could be studied as well. In two of them a hypotetraploid peak was observed not present in the primary tumor. In two other cases residual tumors obtained after chemotherapy appeared to have DNA-profiles similar to those observed in their primary tumors. These findings suggest either a selection of metastasizing clones or tumor progression. No apparent selection of clones responding to therapy could be established. For comparison, a group of other childhood sarcomas (four Ewing's sarcomas, two primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and two epithelioid sarcomas) was also studied. All except one of these cases appeared to have diploid or near-diploid stemlines. These results suggest that DNA-ploidy may be used as an additional criterion in the differential diagnosis of childhood sarcomas.
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PMID:DNA-aneuploidy in rhabdomyosarcomas as compared with other sarcomas of childhood and adolescence. 337 82

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the hepatobiliary system is extremely rare in adults. To our knowledge only three cases have been reported in the literature, all involving the gallbladder. The present case concerns a 40-year-old woman who presented with epigastric pain and obstructive jaundice and was found to have a fusiform, submucosal neoplasm in the common bile duct. Histologically, the tumor presented a diagnostic problem due to a predominant sclerotic growth pattern suggesting an epithelial tumor. Extensive sampling revealed a focal alveolar growth pattern with rhabdomyoblasts, although cross striations were not seen. Electron microscopy failed to demonstrate the characteristic thick myofilaments and/or Z-band material. The diagnosis was supported by strongly positive immunohistochemical staining for myoglobin and desmin; the keratin stain was negative. A subsequent supraclavicular metastasis showed the typical histology of an alveolar RMS. The histologic features of the primary tumor suggest that RMS in this location may be underrecognized due to regional similarities to either primary or metastatic infiltrating carcinomas.
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PMID:Rhabdomyosarcoma of the common bile duct in an adult. 351 54


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