Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

MTP-PE in liposomes is a BRM which can be given relatively safely to patients with cancer. The maximum tolerated dose appears to be higher than the optimal dose inducing immunomodulatory effects such as cytokine induction and monocyte/macrophage activation. The most consistently induced cytokines measured in the plasma of patients a few hours after MTP-PE are TNF and IL-6. Indirect evidence supports the assumption that increased levels of TNF and IL-6 are signs of macrophage activation occurring in situ in tissues taking up liposomal MTP-PE shortly after injection. These tissues are mainly lungs, liver and spleen, as shown in 4 patients injected with radiolabelled liposomes containing MTP-PE. Assuming that activated monocytes and macrophages cannot eliminate gross tumor load, the main targets for MTP-PE are micrometastases after removal of the primary tumor. Thus, adjuvant treatment using liposomal MTP-PE in combination with chemotherapy is a major goal for the future.
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PMID:MTP-PE in liposomes as a biological response modifier in the treatment of cancer: current status. 159 3

A lipophilic immunomodulator (MTP-Chol) was included in nanocapsules prepared from different polymers and the anti-metastatic effects of the resulting drug delivery systems were evaluated in a murine model of liver metastases. Loaded nanocapsules were effective if they were given 2 days before tumor inoculation. Neither the nature of the polymer nor the total dose of immunomodulator affected the antimetastatic capacity. However, enhanced anti-metastatic activity was obtained when indomethacin nanocapsules were associated with MTP-Chol nanocapsules. These results show that nanocapsules containing an immunomodulator possess anti-metastatic activity, but only when given as a prophylactic treatment; this would correspond, in the clinic, to patients undergoing surgery for a primary tumor and at risk of developing liver metastases.
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PMID:Anti-metastatic activity of MDP-L-alanyl-cholesterol incorporated into various types of nanocapsules. 792 93

A mammary tumor cell line, designated MTCL, was successfully established from a mouse primary mammary tumor (MTP). The MTCL cells retain cytokeratin and both estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in vitro. In vitro exposure of MTCL cells to progesterone causes a decrease in the cellular (3)H-thymidine uptake, indicating an inhibition by progesterone on MTCL cellular deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, whereas exposure of the cells to a high dose of estrogen (15 pg/ml) for 48 h causes an increase of (3)H-thymidine uptake. We inoculated both MTP or MTCL tumor cells into normal cycling female C(3)HeB/FeJ mice and demonstrated that the post-resection metastatic recurrence of MTCL tumors, like the original MTP tumors, depends on the time of tumor resection within the mouse estrous-cycle stage. Both MTCL and MTP tumors have similar histological appearances with the exception of less extensive tumor necrosis and higher vascularity in MTCL tumors. Equivalent levels of sex hormone receptors (ER alpha, ER beta, and PR), epithelial growth hormone receptors (Her2/neu, EGFR1), tumor suppressors (BRCA1, P53), and cell apoptosis-relevant protein (bcl-xl) were found in these in vivo tumors by immunohistochemistry. Cyclin E protein, however, was significantly higher in MTP tumors compared with MTCL tumors. Our results indicate that MTCL cells retain many of the biologic features of the original MTP primary tumor cells, and to our knowledge, it is the first in vitro cell line that has been shown to maintain the estrous-cycle dependence of in vivo cancer metastasis.
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PMID:Creation of a stable mammary tumor cell line that maintains fertility-cycle tumor biology of the parent tumor. 1516 41

Purpose. Original articles and abstracts published between January 1991 and January 1997 were selected according to specified criteria and reviewed to provide answers to five interesting questions about the systemic treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma.Results.(1) In patients with metastatic disease at presentation, what is the outcome after intensive multi-agent chemotherapy?Historically, survival has been poor, but may be improving with the use of ifosfamide-containing regimens.(2) Can response to new agents be evaluated better in patients who have received no previous chemotherapy?Based on limited data, this is probably true.(3) Is the response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, as determined by histopathology, similar for the primary tumor and synchronous pulmonary metastases?With intensive multi-agent chemotherapy, good histological response rates are in the range 70-90% for both groups.(4) What is the outcome, after intensive combined modality treatment with chemotherapy and surgery, in patients relapsing with metastases after previous adjuvant chemotherapy, and what are the important prognostic factors?Outcome is highly variable, but 5-year survival ranges between 25 and 50% and a good outcome is more likely if recurrent disease is limited to resectable lung metastases.(5) Can a biological agent (L-MTP-PE) prolong the time to relapse in patients with resected metastatic osteosarcoma?Preliminary data suggest that this is possible, but more studies are required.
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PMID:Metastatic osteosarcoma: a review of current issues in systemic treatment. 1852 Dec 13