Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 71 patients with prostate carcinoma who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy had preoperative measurement of serum prostate specific antigen levels and subsequent nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy analysis of the resected tumors. Prostate specific antigen levels were determined by a commercially available prostate specific antigen radioimmunometric assay (normal range 0 to 4.0 ng./ml.). The paraffin-embedded blocks of the prostate specimens were analyzed by flow cytometry for nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid content using Hedley's technique and propidium iodide staining. A strong association was found between nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy patterns and preoperative prostate specific antigen values. All patients with tetraploid and aneuploid tumors had elevated preoperative prostate specific antigen values. By contrast, all patients with preoperative antigen values of less than 4 ng./ml. had diploid tumors (p less than 0.0034). Prostate specific antigen levels were proportional to the estimated volume of the primary tumor (p less than 0.0065). However, even after statistical adjustment for tumor volume the preoperative prostate specific antigen value was still significantly and independently correlated with deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy pattern (p less than 0.007). However, only 35% of the patients with diploid tumors had antigen levels within the normal range. Conversely, 65% of the patients with diploid neoplasms had abnormally high antigen levels preoperatively. These results suggest that patients with localized biopsy proved prostate carcinoma and normal preoperative prostate specific antigen values are most likely to have diploid tumors; based on a 95% confidence level, the true proportion of patients with normal prostate specific antigen values who also have a deoxyribonucleic acid diploid tumor is 85 to 100%. Since localized deoxyribonucleic acid diploid tumors are known to be associated with a favorable prognosis for patients with prostate carcinoma treated by radical prostatectomy, a preoperative serum prostate specific antigen level within the normal range may help to predict disease outcome.
 ...
PMID:Nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy and serum prostate specific antigen in operable prostatic adenocarcinoma. 169 90

We report a case of clear cell adenocarcinoma arising in a paraurethral duct treated by anterior pelvic exenteration. Immunohistochemical stains for prostate specific acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen were positive in the primary tumor and regional metastases. Focal positive staining also was noted in normal paraurethral duct epithelium. Our observations suggest that clear cell adenocarcinoma arises from the female paraurethral ducts, rather than embryonic remnants. These ducts appear to be homologous to the prostate and in some cases may be misinterpreted as urethral diverticula.
 ...
PMID:Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra: evidence for origin within paraurethral ducts. 229 40

Early endocrine therapy after radical retropubic prostatectomy was compared to radical prostatectomy alone (nonearly endocrine therapy) for the treatment of carcinoma of the prostate with lymph node metastases. Our retrospective analysis demonstrated that the 2 cohorts were similar with respect to patient age, Gleason sum score, seminal vesicle invasion, lymph node involvement, tumor volume and pathological stage of the primary tumor. The cause-specific survival of the entire group was 84% at 60 months and 78% at 98 months. The cause-specific curves for the early and nonearly endocrine therapy group were not significantly different (p less than 0.194), although the estimated 9-year survival rates were 91 and 71%, respectively. Survival free of disease was significantly prolonged in the early endocrine therapy group (p less than 0.030), with a 9-year estimated rate free of disease of 67% versus 32% in the nonearly endocrine therapy group. Followup prostate specific antigen serum levels were analyzed and the value as a progression marker is discussed. These data suggest that a radical operation plus early endocrine therapy is effective palliation in selected patients with low volume lymph node metastases, producing clinical survival free of disease in most patients.
 ...
PMID:Prognosis of patients with stage D1 prostate carcinoma following radical prostatectomy with and without early endocrine therapy. 238 31

Expression of the p21 protein of the ras oncogene family was studied in a case of human prostatic adenocarcinoma tissue and the cell line was derived from the primary tumor. Flow cytometry analysis of the tumor cells obtained from the primary tumor indicated that approximately 25 per cent of the cells were positive for this oncogene product. However, by the immunoperoxidase method almost all of the tumor cells at the vertebral metastatic sites in the same patient were positive for the p21 protein. The cell line established from the primary tumor displayed 2 distinct subpopulation growth patterns in vitro: a monolayer, density-inhibited growth and a multicellular aggregate type growth morphology. These 2 subpopulations could be separated by density elutriation centrifugation. The isolated subpopulation cells were noted to express prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen at high frequency. High levels of expression of these 2 prostatic markers also were found in the tumor cells at the vertebral metastatic sites. However, when the isolated subpopulations were analyzed for the expression of p21 protein, the multicellular grown cells were almost 90 per cent positive for the p21 antigen, whereas only approximately 5 per cent of the monolayer grown cells were positive for the same protein. Our findings suggest that primary prostatic carcinomas are composed of heterogeneous subpopulations of neoplastic cells while only specific subpopulations have metastatic potential. Quantification of prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen in the primary tumor cells probably will not offer a predictive value for the eventual behavior of the tumors. However, evaluation of oncogene products, such as the p21 protein, may be useful as a clinical predictor for metastatic potential.
 ...
PMID:Heterogeneous subpopulations of human prostatic adenocarcinoma cells: potential usefulness of P21 protein as a predictor for bone metastasis. 244 99

An immuno-histological study of metastatic adenocarcinoma has revealed the following results. Metastatic adenocarcinomas of the lymph-node of pulmonary and colonic origin were positive for CEA and negative for lysozymes, and those from gastric, pancreatic, and gallbladder tumors were positive CEA and lysozymes, and those from gastric and pancreatic tumors were positive for the secretory component. The prostate specific antigen was exclusively positive for metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma with a low frequency and prostate acid phosphatase had many false positive results. Thyroglobulin was found to be positive only to colloid. Lactalbumin showed no specificity to metastatic breast adenocarcinoma. For achieving the final diagnosis of a primary tumor, its location in lymph nodes, the clinical history and the results of other examinations must also be taken into consideration.
 ...
PMID:[An immunohistological study of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lymph node: is it useful in diagnosing a primary tumor?]. 246 48

Immunoperoxidase staining for prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) help to identify patients with prostatic carcinoma presenting as metastatic disease from an occult primary source. To clarify further the reliability of these prostatic tissue antigens, we have examined the primary tumor and metastatic sites in 16 autopsy cases. Eleven of these had diffusely positive findings for PSA and PAP in the primary and all metastatic sites, and 1 case lacked both antigens in all locations. Four cases demonstrated variability between these antigens and among various sites. Prostatic primary lesions contained PAP and PSA in 13 (81%) and 12 (75%) cases, respectively. The most reliable metastatic sites were lymph nodes, seminal vesicles, lung, bone, and kidney; while liver, adrenal, and colorectal sites were less reliable. No relationship existed between serum PAP levels and tissue detectability of PAP. The use of both PAP and PSA increases the likelihood of properly identifying the prostate as the organ of origin of metastatic disease. In spite of the use of both markers, however, three primary lesions would have been misdiagnosed, and 1 case lacked both antigens in all metastatic sites as well. In poorly differentiated lesions, the lack of both antigens does not unequivocally eliminate the possibility of prostatic carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Immunoperoxidase localization of prostatic antigens. Comparison of primary and metastatic sites. 620 96

To elucidate the outcome for patients with stage D1 (N1 to N3, M0) prostate cancer we reviewed 179 patients with lymphadenectomy proved pelvic nodal metastases who underwent immediate androgen ablation as the only initial treatment. With a median followup of 43 months, the 5 and 8-year actuarial rates of freedom from disease progression were 55% and 25%, respectively, and the median interval to disease progression was 67 months. The 5 and 8-year survival rates were 85% and 57%, respectively. Median survival after disease progression was 36 months. Local and distant disease progression was equally important. At 5 and 8 years the incidence of local progression was 32% and 51%, respectively, while metastatic rates at the same intervals wer 22% and 44%, respectively. Multivariate regression revealed that tumor grade and transurethral resection in preoperative stage C disease correlated with disease progression. Pretreatment prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were not predictive of outcome. The fact that transurethral resection predicted for local as well as distant failure suggests that the procedure selects for rather than aggravates adverse disease. Posttreatment PSA levels were a sensitive index of response to treatment and of subsequent outcome. All patients who failed to achieve undetectable PSA levels had relapse by 8 years, whereas those whose levels became undetectable experienced only a 5% incidence of disease progression. These data show that androgen ablation alone is not curative for node positive disease but is associated with significant disease control and good short-term (5-year) survival. The primary tumor is an important source of androgen insensitive cells and comprehensive treatment strategies for this stage of disease require attention to the primary tumor as well as microscopic metastases.
 ...
PMID:Early androgen ablation for stage D1 (N1 to N3, M0) prostate cancer: prognostic variables and outcome. 815 81

A new human prostate tumor cell line (ALVA-31) has been established from a biopsy specimen of primary tumor obtained during prostatectomy. The cell line has been maintained for more than 48 months in stable growth. The in vitro doubling time was determined to be approximately 26 hr. The chromosome number ranged from 24-112, with a modal number of 59 tested over several time points throughout continuous culture. Karyotypic analysis of late-passaged cells demonstrated approximately 70 human chromosomes, 8-14 markers, and two X chromosomes without a Y chromosome. Prostatic origin was confirmed by the expression of both prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase, using specific antisera and immunoradiolabelling techniques. Prostate tumor xenografts were grown in intact male, castrate male, and female athymic mice; however, the rate of tumor growth was clearly dependent upon serum testosterone levels.
 ...
PMID:Human primary prostate tumor cell line, ALVA-31: a new model for studying the hormonal regulation of prostate tumor cell growth. 768 Dec 7

To assess the mechanisms and prognostic significance of seminal vesicle involvement (SVI) by prostatic adenocarcinoma, we analyzed 312 radical prostatectomy specimens obtained from patients with T1-T3 prostate cancer. Detailed pathological examination demonstrated three patterns of SVI. Type I involvement was direct spread along the ejaculatory duct complex into the seminal vesicles. Type II involvement was spread outside of the prostate, through the capsule, and then into the seminal vesicle. Type III involvement was characterized by the finding of isolated deposits of cancer in the seminal vesicle with no contiguous primary cancer in the prostate. We found SVI in 64 patients (21%), who have been followed for a mean of 31 months (range 1-101). A defining criterion for progression was clinically apparent local or distant recurrence or a postoperative serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) > or = 0.4 ng/ml (Hybritech). Type I SVI was found in 17 (26%), Type II in 21 (33%), and Type III in 8 (13%) cases. In 18 patients (28%), the pattern of SVI appeared to be a combination of types I and II (categorized as Type I+II). Type III (isolated metastasis) SVI was associated with significantly smaller cancers (median, 3.13 vs. 6.7 cc; p < 0.0005) and fewer positive margins (0 vs. 32%; p = 0.05) than in other types. Type II SVI, with direct extension through the capsule, was associated with a significantly higher risk of lymph node metastasis (8 vs. 33%; p < 0.05). When patients with lymph node metastases were excluded, there was a trend toward a more favorable prognosis (p = 0.09) for patients with type III SVI than with other types. Overall, patients with type III SVI had a progression-free survival rate similar to that of 83 patients with extracapsular extension without SVI. We conclude that the prognostic significance of SVI may not be uniformly ominous; instead, it may depend on the specific mechanism of involvement and the pathologic features of the primary tumor.
 ...
PMID:The mechanisms and prognostic significance of seminal vesicle involvement by prostate cancer. 823 32

A 57-year-old man was admitted with the chief complaint of macrohematuria. Digital rectal examination showed a slightly enlarged, irregular prostate with stony consistency. Serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) were elevated. Transurethral resection (TUR)-biopsy of the prostate revealed small cell carcinoma with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Various radiological examinations revealed metastases to pelvic lymph nodes and liver. He was treated with chemoendocrine therapy consisting of cisplatin, etoposide, flutamide and luleinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist. The primary tumor and metastatic lesion decreased and serum PSA, NSE and ProGRP levels were decreased to normal ranges after 5 cycles of chemotherapy. After the 5-cycle chemotherapy, TUR-biopsy proved viable tumor cells. During the additional chemotherapy, tumor markers increased and 4 months later liver metastasis progressed. He died 13 months after diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of the prostate.
 ...
PMID:[Small cell carcinoma of the prostate: a case report]. 978 1


1 2 3 Next >>