Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

16 patients with an advanced stage SCLC were treated with the use of aggressive chemotherapy with bone marrow transplantation. With the gaining of experience the doses have been increased from standard-dose induction and 7 g/m2 of CTX in intensification to more aggressive induction (160 mg/kg of bw of CTX and 1.6 g/m2 VP-16 in two courses in 28 days interval) and intensification (CTX 7 g/m2 and VP-16 from 1.5 to 2.0 g/m2. Most recently, we used the following intensification which, in addition to the high dose CTX (6 g/m2), consisted of VP-16 0.9 g/m2 and BCNU 0.5 g/m2. The procedure proved to be safe. Hematological recovery emerged in all patients at a very similar time after autografting, irrespective to the late intensification regime. All cases, except one, received, after the hematological recovery, prophylactic cranial and at the primary tumor site irradiation as well as 2 to 4 courses of standard dose maintenance chemotherapy. The response rate was higher in the group receiving more aggressive induction and intensification. Long-term survival was seen only in patient which received more aggressive induction and intensification. Median survival of all cases was 13 months including 3 cases which are disease-free 24, 21 and 14 months after the beginning of the treatment.
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PMID:Aggressive chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation in small cell lung carcinoma. 166 52

Between 1968 and 1980, 107 consecutive patients with Ewing's sarcoma of bone were entered on three sequential combined modality treatment protocols (S2, S3, S4) at the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Protocol treatment involved 4 cycles of two drug [cyclophosphamide (CTX) and vincristine (VCR)] or three drug [CTX and VCR with either actinomycin-D (ACT-D) or doxorubicin (ADR)] regimens and local irradiation (50 Gy) to the involved bone. Eighty patients presented with localized disease and 27 patients had metastatic disease at presentation, including 11 patients with multiple metastatic sites. With a median potential follow-up of greater than 15 yrs (range 8-20 yrs), 28 pts (27%) remain alive. Disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) decreased most rapidly during the initial 5 yrs of follow-up with 5-yr DFS of 29% and 5-yr OS of 39%. Only two patients with metastases at presentation are long term (greater than 5 yr) survivors. For localized disease patients, the 2, 5, 10, and 15 yr DFS and OS are 52%, 37%, 35%, and 33% DFS and 68%, 51%, 39%, and 34% OS, respectively. Eleven patients relapsed locally as the first site of failure. Using the Cox proportional hazards model, four significant variables for both DFS and OS were recognized, including metastatic disease at presentation, age greater than 25 yrs, high LDH in localized disease patients, and central primary tumor in localized disease patients in decreasing order of significance. We conclude that a majority of these patients with Ewing's sarcoma of bone relapsed within 5 yrs of presentation although late relapse (5-15 yrs) did occur. Local failure occurred in 20% of patients using these combined modality treatments but had no impact on overall survival.
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PMID:Long-term follow-up of Ewing's sarcoma of bone treated with combined modality therapy. 199 54

From 1979 to 1986, 182 patients with biopsy proven diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma of bone were observed. One hundred of the 182 patients (72 males, 28 females, median age 15.8 years) with localized disease and no previous treatment were treated with chemotherapy (VCR, ADM, CTX, D-ACT) for 15-18 months. Local treatment was radiotherapy (42 patients), surgery (31 patients), or a combination of both (27 pts). Radiation doses ranged from 45 to 64 Gy given with conventional fractionation. Median follow-up was 51.2 months (24-106). Overall and disease-free survival were, respectively, 58.7 and 42.6%. Resected patients tended to have a better local control (Surgery 93.6%, Surgery + Radiation therapy 92.6%, Radiation therapy 69.1%). Disease-free survival was significantly related to the volume of the primary tumor (bulky: 33.2%, not-bulky: 57.7%), to site (extremities 54.6%, central sites 16.6%, other sites 40.9%), and to local treatment (Radiation therapy 30.3%, Surgery + Radiation therapy 47.9%, Surgery 59.1%). These results are, however, biased because resected patients tended to have smaller tumors in favorable sites.
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PMID:Combined therapy of localized Ewing's sarcoma of bone: analysis of results in 100 patients. 225 7

Human ovarian carcinomas (HOC) were established s.c. and i.p. in nude mice and the biological characteristics were investigated for 4 xenografts. HOC8 and HOC18, derived respectively from a primary tumor of the ovary and a pleural effusion (from 2 different patients) were established s.c. in nude mice. HOC10 and HOC22, derived from the ascites of 2 patients, were directly established as ascites after i.p. injection in nude mice. The s.c. and i.p. growth behavior of the 4 HOC lines was investigated. HOC18, HOC8 and HOC22 cells produced progressively growing tumor after s.c. injection but HOC10 ascites would not grow s.c. The cell suspension derived from HOC18 only produced carcinomatosis upon i.p. injection, while HOC8 cells produced both ascites and carcinomatosis. The 2 ascites HOC10 and HOC22 produced ascites in nude mice, but only HOC22 formed i.p. carcinomatosis. Histopathological characteristics of the patients' primary tumors persisted in nude mice, regardless of the site of tumor implantation. DNA histograms of the xenografts closely matched the patients' tumors and remained stable at different passages. Cisplatin, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide given i.v. were tested against HOC8 and HOC18 growing s.c. and HOC22 and HOC10 growing i.p. HOC8 showed a significant response to DDP and almost no sensitivity to ADR and CTX. HOC18 showed only moderate growth delay with all 3 drugs. Mice bearing HOC10 and HOC22 ascites had a prolonged survival time after DDP and ADR treatment.
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PMID:Intraperitoneal and subcutaneous xenografts of human ovarian carcinoma in nude mice and their potential in experimental therapy. 277 13

We performed a randomized study from February 1979 to August 1981 in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) with the aim of defining the potential advantages of replacing vincristine (VCR) with vindesine (VDS), at that time a new semisynthetic vinca alcaloid, in the classical two-drug combination cyclophosphamide (CTX)-VCR. A total of 116 previously untreated patients were admitted to the study. Of 104 patients evaluable for response, 49 had limited disease and 55 extensive disease. Patients received 10 mg/kg CTX i.v. on days 1-4 and either 1 mg VCR i.v. or 2 mg/m2 VDS i.v. on days 1 and 4, and repeatedly every 4 weeks for 12 courses. In addition, the patients with limited disease received split-course radiotherapy (30 Gy/10 F, 3 or 5 weeks rest, 25 Gy/10 F, total treatment time 7 or 9 weeks) to the primary tumor, the mediastinum, and the supraclavicular areas between the second and third cycles of chemotherapy. The response rate to the first two chemotherapy cycles was 47% (4 complete response [CR] and 22 partial response [PR]) to CTX-VCR and 47% (4 CR and 19 PR) to CTX-VDS. Subsequent to radiotherapy the response rate increased to 93% for CTX-VCR and 100% to CTX-VDS, respectively, in the patients with limited disease. Local recurrence and/or progression occurred in 49% of limited disease responders and in 96% of extensive disease responders. In responders with limited disease, the first site of relapse was loco-regional in 25% for the VDS group as opposed to 15% in VCR group. In the patients with extensive disease, the corresponding figures were 62% for the VDS and 50% for the VCR group. Median duration of remission in all patients treated with CTX-VCR was 132 days compared to 203 days in the CTX-VDS group (not significant, NS). Median survival was 338 days for CTX-VCR vs. 342 for CTX-VDS in patients with limited disease, and 214 days for CTX-VCR vs. 312 days for CTX-VDS in extensive disease (NS). One-year survival figures were 47% for CTX-VDS and 35% for CTX-VCR patients. Two-year survivals were 4 and 9%, respectively. Neurotoxicity was the main toxic manifestation in both treatment groups. Severe peripheral neuropathy (grade 4, World Health Organization [WHO]) did not occur with either drug regimen. Treatment was discontinued because of grade 2-3 neuropathy in one patient after 6 cycles of CTX-VCR and in five patients after 1-6 cycles of CTX-VDS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Vincristine-cyclophosphamide, the classical two-drug regimen for small-cell lung cancer, evaluated in a randomized study with vindesine. 282 8

A transplantable transitional cell murine bladder tumor induced by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-thiazolyl] formamide (FANFT) was characterized by tumor growth, survival time and response to chemotherapy drugs, cis-dichloro-trans-dihydroxy-bis-iso-propylamine platinum IV (CHIP), cis- diaminedichloro platinum II (DDP), cyclophosphamide (CTX) and methotrexate (MTX). Nontreated tumor-bearing mice were observed to survive 43 +/- 7 days (mean +/- SEM) with an average tumor burden of 8.45 +/- 0.65 g (mean +/- SEM) of solid tumor tissue. Lung metastasis was observed in 3 animals after 42-49 days post implantation. Microscopically, the primary tumor and the lung metastasis were structurally similar. In response to chemotherapy, tumor growth was significantly retarded (p less than 0.005) in the DDP-treated group, and survival was significantly increased in the CTX-treated group (p less than 0.001). Lung metastasis was observed in all treatment and control groups. This model has specific reproducible characteristics which make it a useful murine tumor model to study locally invasive bladder cancer.
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PMID:Evaluation of chemotherapy in a murine model for bladder cancer. 653 60

Growth characteristics, survival time, and various other parameters such as chromosome studies and DNA synthesis were evaluated in a transplantable transitional cell mouse bladder tumor induced by N-[4-5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide (FANFT). When the tumor was implanted subcutaneously, the mice were observed to survive mean 43 + 7 days (mean +/- SEM) with an average tumor burden of mean 8.45 +/- 0.60 gm (mean +/- SEM) of solid tumor tissue. In the tumor control animals, lung metastasis was noted in 3 animals at 42-49 days post implantation. The histological appearance of the primary tumor and the lung metastasis presented an undifferentiated anaplastic tumor with many spindle cells. The modal number of chromosome is 65 with several markers identifiable as abnormal in morphology. A significant decrease (p less than 0.001) in DNA synthesis was noted between 13 days and 20 days post implantation. In the evaluation of chemotherapy drugs, Cis-dichloro-trans-dihydroxy-bis-iso propylamine platinum IV (CHIP), Cis-diaminedichloroplatinum II (DDP), Cyclophosphamide (CTX) and Methotrexate (MTX) tumor growth was significantly retarded (p less than 0.005) in the DDP treated groups, however survival was not improved. Survival was significantly improved in the CTX treated group (p less than 0.001), although no significant decrease was noted in tumor growth. Lung metastasis was noted in all groups. This model has certain characteristics which make it a good model to study locally invasive bladder cancer.
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PMID:A murine model for bladder cancer. 654 40

The outlook for children with rhabdomyosarcoma has change significantly in these last years. With an adeguate combined modality therapy more than 50% of these children may be cured. The results of the IRS-I indicate that the 3 year relapse-free survival rates are 85% for patients in group I 70% for those in group II, 45% for those in group III and 15% for those in group IV. In addition to the clinical group other significant prognostic factors are histologic cell type (alveolar, unfavorable) and primary site (disease in extremities and in retroperitoneal area, unfavorable). The chemiotherapy must be used in all patients for 12-24 months. The effective drugs are VCR, ACT-D, CTX, ADR combined in different schedules. It has been demonstrated that the effective doses of radiotherapy range from 4000 to 5000 rad and that radiotherapy may be omitted in patients in group I. Now a less aggressive surgical procedures may be employed, and patients with primary tumor in the orbit or in the pelvic organs may be cured saving the eye, or the bladder, the vagina and the uterus.
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PMID:[Rhabdomyosarcoma: therapeutic results and prospectives]. 654 8

A spontaneous metastases model in mice is being used to test the efficiency of various treatments in eliminating metastases. Solid tumors were transplanted into the tails of mice and removed by tail transection when they had grown to a 4- to 5- or 6- to 7-mm mean diameter. Subsequently, 70 to 95% of mice not given other treatment developed metastases in the lungs or in regional lymph nodes (lumbar sacral region), or in both sites. The present paper reports the effects of whole-body or partial-body treatment on these metastases. The treatments, which started at the time of surgical transection of the tail, included a range of single or fractionated doses of cyclophosphamide (CTX) or X-rays given either to the whole body or locally to the lungs only. CTX reduced the incidence of metastases in both sites although the incidence of lung metastases was reduced by smaller doses of CTX than that of the lumbar sacral metastases. Whole-body irradiation of 6 grays (600 rads) had no effect on the incidence of metastases, whereas local irradiation of the lungs with single doses of 14.5 or 20 grays reduced the number substantially, as did 95 mg or more of CTX per kg. Thus, CTX or radiation reduced the incidence of lung metastases in a system where metastases developed from cells seeded from a primary tumor rather than from a cell suspension injected into the tail vein.
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PMID:Effect of cyclophosphamide or x-rays on spontaneously occurring metastases from tumors transplanted into the tails of mice. 721 47

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma with poor clinical outcome. Although front therapy induces a high rate of complete remission (CR), relapse is inevitable and new regimens are much needed for relapsed MCL. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) induces apoptosis and sensitizes MCL cells to chemotherapy in relapsed MCL, but CR rates are low, with a short duration of response and severe toxicity. Here we evaluated whether BTZ is additive or synergistic with cyclophosphamide (CTX) and rituximab (RTX). Increasing doses of BTZ with a fixed dose of RTX and CTX (BRC regimen) resulted in markedly synergistic growth inhibition of MCL cells. BRC significantly enhanced apoptosis in MCL cell lines and primary tumor cells compared with single-agent treatment. Furthermore, western blotting analysis indicated that BRC induces apoptosis earlier via activation and cleavage of caspases-8, -9 and -3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, than single-agent treatment. The pan-caspase inhibitor completely blocked apoptosis induced by BRC. In vivo studies showed that BRC eradicated subcutaneous tumors in MCL-bearing SCID mice and significantly prolonged the long-term event-free survival in 70% of the mice. Hence, our study demonstrates that cytoreductive chemotherapy with both BTZ and anti-CD20 antibody may offer a better therapeutic modality for relapsed MCL.
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PMID:Bortezomib is synergistic with rituximab and cyclophosphamide in inducing apoptosis of mantle cell lymphoma cells in vitro and in vivo. 1789 87


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