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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Monoclonal antibodies were used to investigate progesterone receptor structure (isoforms) in 33 primary human endometrial tumors. The monoclonal antibodies recognized on protein blots two progesterone receptor proteins with molecular weights of 116,000 and 81,000. The Mr 116,000 protein appeared as a triplet, while a single band was found for the Mr 81,000 protein. The triplet/singlet structure was found in all progesterone receptor-positive tumors, regardless of the degree of tumor differentiation. Protease activity, which gave rise to a false-negative pattern on protein blots, was found in approximately one-half of the tumors in which it was investigated. Inclusion of a cocktail of protease inhibitors during sample preparation resulted in the maintenance of the triplet/singlet progesterone receptor structure. Mixing experiments using a progesterone receptor-rich human endometrial carcinoma (EnCa 101), which lacks protease activity, and protease-containing primary tumor homogenates indicated that the protease was leupeptin sensitive. Interestingly, while the proteolytic activity reduced or eliminated the triplet/singlet progesterone receptor structure seen on protein blot analysis, it did not affect progesterone receptor concentration measured by Scatchard analysis. Sample preparation in the presence of protease inhibitors is therefore a requisite for structural analysis of the progesterone receptor in endometrial tumors.
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PMID:Progesterone receptor structure and protease activity in primary human endometrial carcinoma. 327 7

The survival of 193 premenopausal breast cancer patients was analyzed in terms of onset of use of oral contraceptives: earlier use of pills predicted shorter survival times. 193 consecutive breast cancer premenopausal patients, from the southern region of Sweden diagnosed at University of Lund, were staged and interviewed for age when starting pills, duration, and brand. Women who started orals before age 20 had significantly shorter survival rates than never-users or late users (p=0.02 and 0.04). Women who started orals between 20-25 years of age showed a tendency toward shorter survival compared to never users (p=0.18). The relative risks, adjusted for age at diagnosis, increased in proportion to earlier age of onset of pill use (never = 1.0; 25 = 0.7; 20-25 = 2.8; 20 = 9.2). When only cancer stages II and II were considered in a multivariate model, a significantly elevated risk appeared for early users regardless of age or treatment given. The estrogen and progesterone receptor concentrations in the primary tumor were significantly lower among early users (p=0.001 and 0.05). These findings are consistent with previously reported larger tumor size, higher frequency of axillary metastases and altered hormone receptor status in early pill users.
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PMID:Early oral contraceptive use as a prognostic factor in breast cancer. 335 38

The relationship between cell kinetics and hormonal status and the relevance of the cell kinetic variable on success of hormone-therapy in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast tumors were analyzed in patients with advanced disease. Cell kinetics were evaluated as in vitro 3H-thymidine labeling index (LI), and estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) with the dextran-coated charcoal technique. The analyses performed on primary tumor or soft tissue metastases from 52 patients showed a general association between the presence of hormone receptors and low proliferative activity, or the absence of receptors and high proliferative activity (ER and L.I.: p greater than 0.05; PgR and L.I.: p = 0.05). However, hormonal status and cell kinetic status were unrelated in about 40% of the cases. Clinical response to additive hormonotherapy was analyzed in relation to pretreatment LI in 29 patients with ER+ tumors. Time to reach maximum response was significantly longer in slow than in fast proliferating tumors, but complete remission was reached in 88% of slow proliferating tumors compared to only 46% of fast proliferating tumors. These preliminary results show that ER+ fast proliferating tumors largely escape hormonal control, and if confirmed on larger series, could identify cell kinetics as an important tool to select patients who will benefit from hormonal treatment.
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PMID:Relevance of cell kinetics to hormonal response of receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. 338 61

One hundred eighty-one elderly women with stage II breast cancer were prospectively randomized to receive tamoxifen or placebo for 24 months in a double-blind adjuvant trial conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. They were stratified prior to randomization on the basis of the number of positive axillary nodes and the estrogen receptor status of their primary tumor. One hundred seventy were considered eligible and analyzed in this trial. The median age was 71 years with a range from 65 to 84 years. Twenty-one percent of the patients were over the age of 75 and 33% were between 71 and 75 years. Estrogen receptor status was positive in 85% of the patients and unknown in another 12%. Progesterone receptor status was positive in 35%, negative in 16%, and unknown in 49%. With a median follow-up of 55 months, the overall percent disease free at 4 years is 73 for the tamoxifen arm and 52 for the placebo arm (P = .003). Significant benefit is seen following tamoxifen in the subsets with 4-10 positive axillary lymph nodes, those who were estrogen receptor positive, or progesterone receptor unknown, and those who had a tumor size less than 3 cm. Most other subsets benefited as well. There were more distant (29 vs. 13) and bone only (15 vs. 3) sites of first recurrence in the placebo arm, whereas locoregional recurrences were similar (8 each). The recorded toxicity was similar, except for more hot flashes observed among women in the tamoxifen arm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Tamoxifen versus placebo: double-blind adjuvant trial in elderly women with stage II breast cancer. 353 84

Pathologic materials were available for review from 1597 women with Stage II (positive regional node metastases) invasive breast cancer in whom estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) assays of the primary tumor were performed. These women were enrolled in a clinical trial comparing the effect of postmastectomy adjuvant L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with and without tamoxifen (NSABP Protocol No. 9). Significant pathologic and clinical associations with receptor status were similar for both ER and PR except that the latter, unlike ER, was not related to patient age. Regression analyses revealed that the most significant pathologic features related to a concordant positive ERPR receptor status was low (well differentiated) nuclear and histologic grades, slight or absent tumor lymphoid infiltrate, slight or absent necrosis and moderate or marked elastica in decreasing order of importance. All of the factors enumerated are directly or indirectly related to tumor differentiation. Recognition of four or five conforming pathologic features allows for the prediction of either ER or PR status in 70% to 80% of instances respectively, and the presence of three features in 69%. This latter figure is similar to that of estimation of nuclear grade alone. Thirty percent of ERPR estimates were discordant i.e., either ER-PR+ or ER+PR-. Pathologic features associated with discordant assays were not similar to those found when the ERPR estimates were concordant. Life table analyses revealed patients with discordant receptors to exhibit disease-free survival intermediate to that of those with ER+PR+ and ER-PR- values. This information suggests that a discordant receptor status is more reflective of an aberration of ER metabolism than a methodologic error. Histograms correlating frequency of nuclear grades with levels of ER and PR were comparable and revealed patterns indicating the propriety of relating values less than 10 fm/mg as being receptor negative. The frequency of well-differentiated nuclei increased with ascending levels of ER and PR.
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PMID:Pathologic findings from the national surgical adjuvant breast project. Correlations with concordant and discordant estrogen and progesterone receptors. 382 55

The relationships between estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and a variety of patient characteristics are described for 2,977 women with primary breast cancer. Older women were more likely to be estrogen-receptor positive than younger women. When patient age and menopausal status were analyzed together, age was found to be the primary determinant of increased estrogen-receptor concentrations. There appeared to be no relationship with progesterone receptor for either age or menopausal status when these variables were analyzed separately. But premenopausal women had higher progesterone receptor concentrations than postmenopausal women when patients of the same age were compared, perhaps reflecting greater estrogen-mediated synthesis of progesterone receptor. Tumor size was negatively related to steroid receptor concentrations, but no relationships were observed between steroid receptors and either the number of positive axillary lymph nodes or the location of the primary tumor.
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PMID:Correlations between estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and patient characteristics in human breast cancer. 649 96

Cytoplasmic estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) proteins were measured by a dextran-coated charcoal absorption technique in 19 intracranial tumors (10 meningiomas, two acoustic neurinomas, two glioblastomas, one primary tumor of neuroectodermal origin, one hemangioblastoma, one metastasis of carcinoma, one chordoma, and one pituitary adenoma). Positive PR values (greater than or equal to 10 fmol/mg of protein) were found in nine meningiomas (90% of these tumors), in the chordoma, in one glioblastoma, and in the hemangioblastoma, whereas positive ER values were recorded only in the pituitary adenoma and in one glioblastoma. Evidence of PR in meningiomas might explain their predominance in women. A possible pharmacological therapy, based on these findings, is discussed.
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PMID:Estrogen and progesterone receptors in intracranial tumors. 650 43

In 75 patients with advanced breast cancer, sequential biopsies were analyzed for estrogen receptor (ER). In 50 of these patients progesterone receptor (PgR) was also measured. All pairs of biopsies met the following criteria: (i) interval between the two biopsies: at least 6 weeks; (ii) biopsies performed at least 6 weeks after stopping endocrine therapy; and (iii) concordant histology. Discordance in ER was found in 14 of 75 patients (18.7%); PgR was discordant in 14 of 50 patients (28.0%). No significant differences were found between concordant and discordant groups of patients in age at first diagnosis, menopausal state, diameter of the primary tumor, time interval between the two biopsies and intervening therapy. The initial ER level in patients whose ER changed from positive to negative was significantly lower than in patients whose ER remained positive. PgR levels exhibited a rise only when ER rose at the same time. Sequential assays have increased the prognostic significance of ER and as a consequence the estimated survival time for patients whose tumors were ER-negative in both biopsies was significantly shorter than for patients whose tumors were ER-negative in only one of the two biopsies. We found no prognostic significance for PgR in either single measurements or repeated biopsies.
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PMID:Concordance and discordance of estrogen and progesterone receptor content in sequential biopsies of patients with advanced breast cancer: relation to survival. 654 Jun 83

Recent insight into the mechanism of steroid hormone receptors in human breast cancer has led to new approaches in treatment strategy. Estrogen receptor (ER) has now replaced clinical criteria in the selection of patients for endocrine therapy. Patients whose tumors do not contain ER should not be subjected to hormonal manipulation. In addition, ER measured on the primary tumor has been found to be an independent prognostic factor for both recurrence and survival. Patients with ER negative primary tumors have a poorer prognosis. This information may be useful in the design and selection of therapy for future adjuvant clinical trials. In metastatic breast cancer, the absolute ER value may provide valuable information regarding endocrine responsiveness. In addition, the measurement of progesterone receptor (PgR) may provide additional insight for predicting with confidence those patients likely to respond.
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PMID:Steroid hormone receptors in the management of human breast cancer. 701 82

The estrogen receptor (ER) assay has become a standard practice in the management of advanced breast cancer. Tumors lacking ER respond infrequently to endocrine therapy, whereas response rates of 50-60% are observed in ER+ tumors. Recent studies indicate that the ER status of the primary tumor is a good predictor of the endocrine dependence of metastatic tumors at the time of subsequent relapse. Furthermore, the absence of ER in the primary tumor is an important independent prognostic indicator of higher rate of recurrence and shorter survival. Quantitative analysis of ER and assay of progesterone receptor (PgR) are useful for increasing the accuracy of selecting patients for hormonal therapy; tumors with a high quantitative ER content or those with a positive PgR display the highest objective response rates. Preliminary analysis suggests that the presence of PgR may be the best available tumor marker of hormone dependence.
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PMID:Steroid hormone receptors and carcinoma of the breast. 711 10


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