Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventy-three patients with uterine sarcomas were treated between 1976 and 1987. Steroid receptors were analyzed in 60 cases; 48% were estrogen receptor (ER) positive, and 30% progesterone receptor (PR) positive. Only 1 of 28 patients with residual or recurrent disease showed a response to hormonal therapy. Neither receptor status of the primary tumor nor use of adjuvant hormonal therapy affected survival.
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PMID:Uterine sarcoma: steroid receptors and response to hormonal therapy. 225 84

Ten year disease-free survival (DFS) results of the Naples randomized trial of adjuvant tamoxifen (TM), 30 mg per day for 2 years versus no therapy according to receptor levels, are reported. From Feb. 1, 1978, through Dec. 31, 1983, 308 pre- and postmenopausal patients with early breast cancer entered the trial. Estrogen receptor (ER) data were available on 239 (77.6%) patients, progesterone receptor (PgR) data on 194 (63.0%), and both receptor data on 181 (58.8%). ER and PgR were assayed by dextran-coated charcoal technique in a single laboratory. The effect of adjuvant TM was significantly related to ER and PgR concentration of the primary tumor. The greatest TM benefit on DFS was evident in patients with the highest levels of receptors. The interaction between the treatment effect and receptor concentration was found whether ER and PgR were considered separately or together.
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PMID:Steroid hormone receptor levels and adjuvant tamoxifen in early breast cancer. Ten year results of the Naples (GUN) Study. 226 59

We analyzed the alteration of the hst-1 and int-2 genes in 36 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 42 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma, and 52 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Coamplification of the hst-1 and int-2 genes was observed in 19 of 36 esophageal carcinomas (52%), 16 of 34 primary tumor tissues (47%), and 10 of 10 metastatic tumors (100%). The degree of amplification ranged from 4- to 8-fold. The incidence of hst-1 and int-2 gene coamplification was significantly higher in male patients than that in female patients (P less than 0.05). The coamplification of the hst-1 and int-2 genes had a tendency to correlate with clinical stage. The progesterone receptor gene, which is mapped to chromosome 11 at band q21-23, was not amplified in these esophageal carcinomas. Coamplification of the hst-1 and int-2 gene does not seem to imply increased numbers of chromosome 11, and the hst-1 and int-2 genes appear to be in same amplification unit on chromosome 11 at band q13. No coamplification of the hst-1 and int-2 genes was detected in gastric carcinomas and colorectal carcinomas. These results suggest that amplification of chromosomal locus of the hst-1 and int-2 genes might participate in carcinogenesis, in progression, and particularly in metastasis of esophageal carcinomas.
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PMID:High incidence of coamplification of hst-1 and int-2 genes in human esophageal carcinomas. 252 25

Molybdate-stabilized androgen receptors have been quantitated in cytosols derived from 1026 malignant breast tumors including all new cases of primary breast cancer reported in the western region of Norway during the 3-year period 1985-1987. A simple single point saturation assay using the synthetic labeled ligand methyltrienolone was evaluated for this purpose. This approach also allowed the simultaneous determination of estrogen and progesterone receptor from the same cytosol preparation. The cytosol content of albumin was also recorded in order to control for dilution by extracellular proteins. Androgen receptor was the sex hormone receptor most frequently found both in primary and secondary breast cancer. In primary tumors 84.9% (723 of 852) showed a cytosol concentration higher than 10 fmol/mg protein compared to 71.2 and 67.1% for estrogen and progesterone receptors, respectively. This incidence is about 2 times higher than previously reported for androgen receptors in the literature and may be due to the stabilizing effects of molybdate and a serine protease inhibitor on the recovery of active binding sites in cytosol. Cytosol concentration of androgen receptor is generally lower than that of the other sex hormone receptors; the average level was 65.5 fmol/mg cytosol protein compared to 86.8 and 84.7 for estrogen and progesterone receptors, respectively. Both incidence and cytosol concentrations were lower for all sex hormone receptors in soft tissue metastasis than in the primary tumor. This decrease is not likely to be due to differences in tumor cellularity since metastatic tumors appear to be more cellular as judged from a lower cytosol content of extracellular proteins (albumin). No significant differences were observed in any parameter investigated between different metastatic sites (skin, lymph nodes). Androgen receptor levels were strongly correlated to estrogen and progesterone receptor concentration in both primary and secondary cancers. Cytosol androgen receptor concentration increases with age. This increase is more significant in metastatic than in primary tumors. Evidently, tumor cellularity is a confounding factor in primary tumors since tumor cytosols from younger patients showed a higher content of extracellular proteins. Receptor levels in lymph node metastasis did not exhibit age dependence. This may suggest that locally produced factors rather than circulating levels of sex steroids modulate tumor receptor expression. In metastatic tissues androgen receptors are present with twice the frequency of progesterone receptors and one in four of these tumors express androgen receptor as their sole sex hormone receptor. This supports the view that some of the beneficial effects of high dose progestin treatment of advanced breast cancer are mediated through the androgen receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Improved measurement of androgen receptors in human breast cancer. 258 56

Forty-two cases of recurrent and 14 cases of advanced clinical stage (III and IV) endometrial carcinoma are presented, in which progesterone and estrogen receptors from the metastatic sites were measured. Mean survival time (time from recurrence or, in advanced stages, from the time of diagnosis to death or last follow-up), mean total survival time (time from diagnosis to death or last follow-up), and mean time to recurrence (time from diagnosis of primary tumor to the time of recurrence) were positively correlated with positive progesterone and estrogen receptor status and with histologic grade of tumor. No correlation was found with age, clinical stage, depth of myometrial invasion, or site of metastasis. However, when multiple variables were considered with the Cox regression model, the combination most highly correlated with survival included progesterone receptor, grade of tumor, and site of metastasis (pelvis vs. other sites). All differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). We conclude that measurement of progesterone and estrogen receptors in metastatic or recurrent endometrial tumors may be used as an additional prognostic variable.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of steroid receptors measured in primary metastatic and recurrent endometrial carcinoma. 258 47

An immunoradiometric assay was used to determine the presence of p29 protein in 68 breast cancer cyTOSOLS. The p29 values ranged from 0 to 1123 U/mg, with a mean value of 127 +/- 28.7 U/mg. Using a cutoff point of 20 U/mg the frequency of p29 positive tumors was about 55%. A quantitative and qualitative relation was found between p29 and estrogen receptor (ER), but not between p29 and progesterone receptor (PR). Discordance between p29 and ER status was found in 13 out of 68 tumors. Both the frequency of p29 positive tumors and the p29 values were significantly higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women, in a similar way to ER but different from PR. There was no difference in p29 content between primary tumor and metastasis. We did not find any relation among p29 primary tumors content and axillary lymph nodes involvement or tumor size.
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PMID:p29 protein in breast cancer: relation between estrogen and progesterone receptors. 274 Dec 16

To assess the value of measuring the estrogen- and progesterone-receptor content of metastatic nodal disease, 38 women with node-positive breast cancer were prospectively evaluated. Receptor content of the primary tumor and a pathologically confirmed positive node were measured simultaneously using a dual-isotope, dextran-coated, charcoal-binding assay. A receptor content of greater than or equal to 10 fmol/mg of cytosol protein was considered positive for both the estrogen-receptor and progesterone-receptor assays. Overall concordance between the primary tumors and the nodal metastases was 82% (31/38 patients) for the estrogen-receptor measurements and 84% (31/37 patients) for the progesterone-receptor measurements. Paired receptor levels were significantly correlated: r = .745 for the estrogen-receptor measurements and r = .805 for the progesterone-receptor measurements. Despite this correlation, 6 (25%) of 24 patients with an estrogen receptor-positive primary tumor had an estrogen receptor-negative nodal metastasis. Four (20%) of 20 patients with a progesterone receptor-positive primary tumor had a progesterone receptor-negative nodal metastasis. Six (24%) of 25 patients with tumors labeled as hormonally sensitive on the basis of the receptor content of the primary tumor had receptor-negative nodal disease. In reflecting the hormonal status of the more aggressive elements of the primary tumor, receptor levels of metastatic nodes may provide more useful information than the levels of the primary tumor as a guideline for further therapy.
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PMID:Value of measuring hormone receptor levels of regional metastatic carcinoma of the breast. 280 74

Fragments were taken from separate parts of hormone-dependent (HD) primary GR mouse mammary tumors and serially transplanted in estrone plus progesterone treated or hormonally untreated castrated mice. The transplants were examined with respect to int-1 DNA rearrangement, proviral integrations of the murine mammary tumor virus (MMTV), and estrogen and progesterone receptor content. One of the fragments (b) taken from the primary tumor of line TSI 96 produced transplants that showed int-1 rearrangement in one allele and also MMTV proviral integrations not at the int-1 gene, whereas transplants from another fragment (a) only had the normal germ-line int-1 arrangement and no extra MMTV provirus. These respective genotypes were retained when the tumors became hormonally independent during further transplantations. The results indicate that int-1 rearrangement was not present in the originally transformed cell but occurred in a HD cell during growth of the tumor. Furthermore they indicate that loss of hormonal dependence in GR mammary tumors is due to a mutational event, unrelated to int-1 rearrangement.
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PMID:Different int-1 region DNA rearrangements within different zones of a single mouse mammary tumor. 283 52

As previously reported, ovarian epithelial carcinomas may respond to endocrine therapy. We examined the direct effect of progesterone, medroxyprogesteroneacetate, gestoneron, 17-beta-estradiol, tamoxifen, 4-OH-tamoxifen, or N-desmethyltamoxifen on the proliferative capacity of ovarian carcinoma cells by means of the colony assay described by Hamburger and Salmon. The growth rate of 25 tested tumors (ascitic fluid, primary tumor, metastases) was 68%. The plating efficiency was 0.078%. Beside the drug testing estrogen and progesterone receptor levels were determined. The inhibition of colony survival was slightest with 17-beta-estradiol, more pronounced with medroxyprogesteroneacetate, gestoneron, N-desmethyltamoxifen, and progesterone, and greatest with 4-OH-tamoxifen and tamoxifen. Significant and dose-dependent inhibition of greater than 70% was observed with tamoxifen and 4-OH-tamoxifen in 80% of the tested tumors. There was no significant correlation between the in vitro responsiveness and the level of hormonal act not only via an estrogen receptor but also via an antiestrogen-binding site.
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PMID:In vitro responsiveness of ovarian epithelial carcinomas to endocrine therapy. 293 76

To optimize the prognostic value of DNA flow cytometry in breast cancer the authors calculated several parameters from the DNA histogram, including the DNA index, the size and number of aneuploid peaks as well as S-phase and G2/M-phase cell cycle fractions. Of these, DNA index and S-phase fraction (SPF) proved to be the most valuable prognostic indices. DNA aneuploidy was associated with a three-fold risk of death as compared to DNA diploidy (P less than 0.0001). The highest risk of death was associated with hypertetraploid (greater than 2.20) DNA index, whereas a tetraploid DNA index (1.80-2.20) was associated with a relatively low risk. The SPF had significant additional prognostic value in both DNA diploid (P = 0.0002) and DNA aneuploid (P = 0.02) tumors. By combining DNA index and SPF the authors defined three types of DNA histograms, which were associated with favorable, intermediate, and poor prognosis of the patients. DNA diploidy together with low (less than 7%) SPF (type I DNA histogram) was associated with very favorable prognosis, whereas DNA aneuploidy with high DNA index (greater than 2.20) or high (greater than 12%) SPF (type III DNA histogram) was related to the worst prognosis with approximately eight-fold relative risk of death. In a Cox multivariate regression analysis the type of DNA histogram was an independent and most powerful prognostic indicator in breast cancer. The other independent factors in the Cox analysis were primary tumor size, nodal status, and progesterone receptor status.
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PMID:Improving the prognostic value of DNA flow cytometry in breast cancer by combining DNA index and S-phase fraction. A proposed classification of DNA histograms in breast cancer. 317 30


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