Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The accuracy of identification of tumor type and primary site of malignant tumors by examination of exfoliated tumor cells was cytologically studied in 448 malignant effusions from 366 patients for whom the primary tumor site had been confirmed by histology. Ninety-seven corresponding small biopsies from metastases were separately reviewed histopathologically. In four fluids, the cells were too scanty or too poorly preserved for tumor typing. The cytologic tumor typing was performed with nearly 100% accuracy in the remaining 444 fluids, except for those of intermediate-cell anaplastic carcinomas (0 of 3) and poorly differentiated squamous (epidermoid) carcinomas (1 of 5). Adenocarcinoma was correctly identified in 98% of 285 fluids, large-cell carcinoma in 97% of 108 fluids, oat-cell carcinoma in 94% of 16 fluids, well-differentiated (keratinizing) squamous carcinoma in 100% of 3 fluids, malignant lymphoma in 100% of 22 fluids and sarcoma in 100% of 2 fluids. The criteria and the failures are discussed at length. In the investigation of the accuracy of cytologic and histologic diagnoses with respect to the primary tumor site, tumors with variable sites of origin (sarcomas and lymphomas) and those with usually singular sites of origin (e.g., small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung) were excluded, leaving 387 cytologic and 83 histologic specimens available for review. The breast as a primary site was correctly identified in 70% of both the cytologic and histologic specimens; the primary cytodiagnostic criteria included a uniform cell pattern, finely granular chromatin, dense cytoplasm and cell balls with smooth borders. Ovarian primaries were correctly identified in 70% of the fluids and 83% of the biopsy samples on the basis of very irregular clusters of large pleomorphic tumor cells, large nucleoli and psammoma bodies. Lung primaries, identified in 50% of the fluids and 29% of the biopsy samples, showed quite variable cell patterns, most often including large pleomorphic cells with or without mucus formation and prominent multinucleation. Gastric cancers of the diffuse type were accurately identified in 52% of the corresponding fluids, which showed mainly isolated cells with dense cytoplasmic rims, occasional signet-ring cells, "embryo-shaped" nuclei, marked hyperchromasia and densely granular chromatin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Identification of types and primary sites of malignant tumors by examination of exfoliated tumor cells in serous fluids. Comparison with the diagnostic accuracy on small histologic biopsies. 299 73

Mice immunized by excision of a primary, subcutaneously growing SV40-induced mKSA solid tumor which resisted challenge of homologous tumor cells administered at a contralateral site, were found to develop a specific DTH response to SV40 tumor associated transplantation antigens (TATA). In a two-way criss-cross experiment, this DTH response (assessed by direct challenge) was found to be one-way SV40 specific in that chemically induced, non SV40, MCA tumor failed to elicit a DTH response in mice primed by excision of mKSA tumor. These mice also showed a corresponding one-way specific protection against challenge with live homologous mKSA sarcoma cells. In contrast immunization and challenge of MCA-excised mice with either MCA or mKSA tumor cells, exhibited cross-reactivity in both DTH response and protection against either tumor. Unlike this cross-immunity by the direct challenge method, transfer of "immune" spleen cells from mKSA or MCA excision-primed mice demonstrated a specific DTH response and protection to the original immunizing, homologous but not heterologous tumor. Tumor resistant, DTH-primed mice remained DTH reactive to the primary tumor cells over a period of 4 weeks. Characterization of the splenic T-DTH cells in mice primed by excision of mKSA tumor, indicated a Lyt 1+2+ phenotype of cells conferring both the DTH response and the immune protection against mKSA sarcoma in a local (Winn) adoptive transfer assay, thus reinforcing the correlation between the DTH response and the antitumor protection.
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PMID:Correlation of tumor specific delayed type hypersensitivity reaction and tumor protection to SV40-induced mKSA fibrosarcoma. 300 6

Seven children aged 6 months to 11 years with malignant fibrous histiocytoma, a type of sarcoma of soft tissues, have been treated at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia from January 1975 through July 1983. The primary tumor arose in the head and neck region in three patients, the chest wall in two patients and the pelvis or buttock in one patient each. Operative management consisted of complete tumor removal in the two patients with chest wall tumors, and biopsy only in the remaining five children. Afterward, all seven patients were treated with a multiple-agent chemotherapy program consisting of vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide for two years, with or without Adriamycin (doxorubicin). The five patients with residual tumor also received radiation therapy (RT) in doses of 1500 to 5500 rad. The two children with localized, completely excised sarcoma are continuously free of tumor at 1.4 and 9 years after initiation of treatment. Of the five with residual sarcoma, three had a complete response to radiation and chemotherapy, and two of them are free of recurrence at 4 and 5 years, respectively. In the three remaining children, the tumor spread regionally into the central nervous system or distantly into the lungs, subcutaneous tissues, and liver. Childhood malignant fibrous histiocytoma of soft tissue appears to be similar to childhood rhabdomyosarcoma in its modes of spread and response to management. Operative removal is the key to successful therapy. The roles of multiple-agent chemotherapy and RT remain to be defined. Adriamycin appears to be the most promising single agent. In the absence of concrete data, it seems prudent to follow the same guidelines for irradiation as those used for other soft tissue sarcomas of childhood.
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PMID:Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of soft tissue in childhood. 300 78

Primary liver sarcoma is rare and especially its coexistence with hepatocellular carcinoma is extremely rare. We have collected eight cases of their coexistence in the literatures. The patient was a 62-year-old male complaining of right hypochondralgia and general malaise for about one month. CT scanning revealed the liver tumor and right hepatic lobectomy was performed. The tumor was sized in 14 by 9 by 9 cm and composed of hepatocellular carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, which were were collided. Apparent striations in the rhabdomyosarcoma cells was observed under light-microscope. Alphafetoprotein, of which serum level was extraordinarily high, was detected only in hepatocellular carcinoma by special stains. He discharged one month after operation. He was readmitted due to recurrence and received trans-arterial embolisation therapy and systemic chemotherapy. Though transient effect was obtained. He died forty-five days after operation. Autopsy revealed that recurrent liver tumors consisted of only hepatocellular carcinoma and that no other tumorous lesion was found in the other parts of the body. Rhabdomyosarcoma was proved to be primary tumor the liver.
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PMID:[A resected case of collision tumor of hepatocellular carcinoma and primary liver rhabdomyosarcoma]. 301 14

The activity of the novel anticancer agent diethyl 1-3-(chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido ethyl phosphonate (S10036) was investigated on several rodent tumors. S10036 showed a good efficacy, comparable to that of the anticancer agent BCNU, against i.p transplanted P388 and L1210 leukemias. S10036 was very effective against the primary tumor and metastases of i.m transplanted M5076 reticular cell sarcoma of the mouse and against subline A of the Walker carcinoma of the rat. It was inactive against rodent tumors resistant to BCNU such as L1210/BCNU, ICIG-Ci4 murine fibrosarcoma and the Walker carcinoma subline B in the rat.
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PMID:Antitumor activity of the novel nitrosourea S10036 in rodent tumors. 306 16

Sarcoma 1509a cells (1 X 10(6] were inoculated into the right dorsum of A/Jackson mice. Laser or surgical resection was performed on the 8th or 11th day after tumor inoculation. Twenty days later, the same number of S1509a was inoculated into the contralateral side of the primary tumor. The local recurrence rate of the tumor resected by the laser was lower than that with the surgical method. Fewer mice rejected the reinoculated tumor after resection using laser method than after surgical resection. A/Jackson mice, hyperimmuned with S1509a, were inoculated with 3 X 10(6) cells of the S1509a on the 2nd, 5th, 10th and 21st days after laser irradiation. Hyperimmunized mice inoculated with the sarcoma cells on the 2nd day after laser irradiation showed higher acceptability of the tumor than immune mice without irradiation. However, other groups of mice rejected the inoculated sarcoma cells. These results suggest that suppression of tumor specific immunity was induced by laser irradiation.
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PMID:[Experimental study of the fibrosarcoma (S1509a) widely resected by CO2 laser--local recurrence and anti-tumor immunity]. 312 5

The effect of preoperative intra-arterial infusion of mitomycin C, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and adriamycin (ADM) were studied in seven patients with locally advanced breast cancer, including five inflammatory carcinomas, and a patient with stromal sarcoma of the breast. Reducing rate of the primary tumor of more than 30% was observed in all cases, and remarkable degenerative changes of tumor cells were histologically noted in six out of eight surgical specimens. The tissue concentrations of 5-FU and ADM were also studied in five breast cancer patients. There was no correlation between the concentration of 5-FU or ADM and histological effect. In intra-arterial infusion, ADM seemed to have a high affinity to the regional lymphnode and breast tumor, compared to normal breast tissue and might also be applicable to the control of lymphnode metastasis. Three out of six cases which received radical mastectomy subsequently had recurrence except in the regional lymphnodes and the prognosis was unsatisfactory (5 year survival was 2/4). Other alternative or multi-disciplinary treatment seems to be necessary for improving the survival rate.
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PMID:[Preoperative intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy in locally advanced primary breast cancer-tissue concentrations of 5-fluorouracil and adriamycin, and the histological evaluation]. 314 Jul 32

Murine macrophages isolated from the peritoneal cavity or from the lung were continuously grown and expanded in vitro on a confluent layer of "mesothelial or endothelial" feeding cells. These cell lines could be obtained from C57B16 or BalbC mice and were nontumorogenic in nude mice. The macrophages were characterized by their capacity to phagocytose yeasts and by the presence of nonspecific esterases, of Fc receptors, and of specific antigens (MAC1 ...). In vitro, these macrophages were fully activated and were tumoricidal against different tumor cell lines. In vivo, adoptive transfer of the expanded macrophages to mice bearing EMT6 sarcoma or 3LL metastasizing carcinoma inhibited the growth of the primary tumors and the development of metastases. Local injection in the vicinity of the primary tumor and i.v. transplantation were effective. The adoptive transfer of expanded macrophages could lead to a new kind of immunotherapy of neoplastic diseases combining selective amplification with effective activation of macrophages as key effector cells.
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PMID:Immunotherapy of cancer: experimental approach with activated macrophages proliferating in culture. 318 Jan 39

Previous studies have indicated the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy utilizing recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells in the treatment of advanced neoplastic disease. However, this therapeutic approach is associated with considerable toxicity, primarily due to the systemic administration of rIL-2. The present study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of a newly developed water-soluble glucan, when administered in combination with LAK cells, in the therapy of experimental hepatic metastases. Mice were challenged subcutaneously (1 X 10(4) cells) with reticulum cell sarcoma M5076 on day 0. Therapy was initiated on day 15, when a palpable primary tumor mass and hepatic micrometastases were evident, and continued at 3-day intervals up to day 54. Sarcoma-bearing mice received glucan (250 mg/kg) intravenously, either alone or in combination with LAK cells (1 X 10(7)/mouse). Control mice received 5% (wt/vol) dextrose in water. Glucan-LAK cell therapy significantly suppressed primary tumor growth, inhibited the progression of hepatic metastases and prolonged survival in sarcoma-bearing mice. Splenocytes, incubated with rIL-2 for 72 h, exhibited significant natural killer (NK) cell activity and were cytotoxic to sarcoma cells in vitro. Glucan-LAK cell administration resulted in significant increases in splenic NK cell activity and Kupffer cell-mediated tumoricidal activity. In addition, bone marrow proliferation was enhanced following the co-administration of glucan and LAK cells. Due to its nontoxic nature and immunostimulating properties, soluble glucan may prove to be an attractive biological response modifying agent for utilization in adoptive immunotherapy of advanced neoplastic disease.
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PMID:Soluble glucan and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells in the therapy of experimental hepatic metastases. 328 99

A review of 1415 patients without distant metastasis from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) I and II revealed an overall 10% incidence of identified lymphatic spread at diagnosis, whereas 81 of 592 children with localized rhabdomyosarcoma who had grossly complete resection (and therefore with more complete pathologic data) had histologically proven lymphatic spread (14%). The percentage of patients in this latter group with nodal metastases was highest for the prostate (41%), paratesticular sites (26%), and genitourinary sites overall (24%). Sites with a small percentage of proven lymphatic involvement were the orbit (0%), nonorbital head and neck sites (7%), and truncal sites (3%), whereas the percentage of patients with nodal metastases from extremity lesions was 12%. The primary tumor mean diameter was significantly larger in the group with nodal metastases, but there was no evidence of a relationship between lymphatic spread and age, sex, or histologic subtype. Patients with lymph node metastases who had resection had a poorer survival rate (logrank P value = 0.001), with a 3-year survival estimate of 54%, compared with 78% for patients without lymphatic metastases. Patients with extremity lesions and positive lymph nodes also did poorly when compared with patients with normal nodes (P = 0.006), and a similar observation was made for patients with paratesticular sarcoma (P = 0.06).
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PMID:Lymphatic metastases with childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. 329 2


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