Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied 428 lymph nodes attached to the head of the pancreas (13,14,17) in 18 patients with ductal carcinoma of the pancreatic head. These were classified into the small size of the lymph nodes less than 5mm (group S), the moderate size of the lymph nodes (group M) and the large size of the lymph nodes more than 10 mm (group L). The metastases were seen in 76 nodes, which consisted of 49 with group S, 14 with group M and 13 with group L. The lymph node involvement in group (14) S was found in 7 of 18 patients (38.9%), that in group (14) M was in 4 (22.2%) and that in group (14) L was in 2 (11.1%). In these involved cases, the primary tumors tended to be locate in the portion near the superior mesenteric artery, such as in the uncinate process. Invasion of extrapancreatic neural plexus was noted in 9 of 18 patients (50%). There was no significant correlation between nerve plexus invasion and lymphatic invasion by Spearman's rank correlation. In addition, any close relationship between plexus invasion and primary tumor location could not be indicated. These results suggested that neural invasion in pancreatic carcinoma is independent of lymphatic invasion, and the routes of cancer spread via the neural plexus are different from those via the lymphatic vessels. Those without liver metastases survived longer than those with liver metastases, which were characteristically multiple.
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PMID:[Involvement of lymph nodes and neural plexus in carcinoma of the pancreas]. 146 37

Bleomycin oil suspension was infused preoperatively into the bilateral pedal lymphatic vessels of 18 patients with cancer of the vulva, uterine cervix, and endometrium. The object of this technique was to reduce the number of local recurrences in pelvic and abdominal lymph nodes. Except in the case of two patients, it was possible to infuse both extremities. Side effects of the treatment were generally mild. In a postoperative study of the surgical specimens, metastases were found in 18 lymph nodes. All of these showed selective necrosis of existing metastases and conservation of the morphology of healthy nodes. Necrosis of the primary tumor was occasionally produced.
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PMID:Endolymphatic chemotherapy in gynecologic cancer. 169 7

Eight autopsy cases of pancreatic cancer (duct cell adenocarcinoma) with T1 and T2 primary tumors were studied histologically to examine the exact extent of lymphatic and local spread. Six of them had microscopic metastasis in grossly negative lymph nodes near the primary tumor. In addition, four of them had a few metastatic nodes in the para-aortic region. In cases with lymphatic metastases, the extent of cancer infiltration within lymphatic vessels, nerves, and/or connective tissues was almost the same as that of lymph node metastasis. Major vascular involvement was found in four cases. There was no case in which multicentricity or marked intraductal spread of cancer cells was observed in the pancreas. It has been suggested that most of T1 and T2 pancreatic cancers have a fairly widespread microscopic extension, although extremely small T1 cancers have a very limited extension.
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PMID:Lymphatic and local spread of T1 and T2 pancreatic cancer. A study of autopsy material. 301 59

The relevance of age, menopausal status, histological type as classified by the Japan Mammary Cancer Society, level of invasion of the primary tumor, invasion of breast cancer cells into blood vessels, invasion of breast cancer into lymphatic vessels, histopathological TNM stage, and SHBG as a prognostic factors was studied to determine their discriminatory powers in predicting cancer recurrence by the type II quantification theory using a computer. We followed up 98 breast cancer patients with 23 recurrent cancers from 3-9 years; the followup period in cases with no recurrence was 10 years after mastectomy. Our study showed that the discriminatory power of those prognostic factors in predicting recurrence were ly (0.44108) greater than histopathological TNM stage (0.39719) greater than menopausal status (0.35701) greater than v (0.30513) greater than level of invasion of primary tumor (0.26072) greater than histological type (0.24311) greater than age (0.23369). The discriminatory rate of these 7 parameters in predicting recurrence was 82.609%. SHBG, which shows hormone dependence of breast cancer, had low discriminatory power.
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PMID:[Prognostic factors in breast cancer and recurrence: study using a quantification theory; type-II]. 672 36

Report of 12 patients with metastasizing malignant melanoma and unknown primary tumor. Age of patients, therapy and prognosis are alike in patients with known primary tumors. In five patients the medical history or clinical data pointed to regression of the primary malignant melanoma of skin. Metastasis of internal malignant melanomas or the "de novo" origin of malignant melanomas in lymphatic vessels or lymph nodes are discussed.
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PMID:[Malignant melanoma with unknown primary tumor. Case reports of 12 patients with overview]. 702 76

The relation between expression of several splicing variants of the CD 44 glycoprotein by tumor cells and the increased risk of metastases was discussed recently. By means of an immunocytochemical study (imprint cytology specimens from 94 invasive cervical carcinomas) we have shown a significant correlation between expression of CD 44 v6 and invasion of lymphatic vessels, lymphangiosis carcinomatosa in the primary tumor and the total number of positive pelvic lymph nodes. Expression of CD 44 v6 was not correlated with staging, grading and histological type. CD 44 v6 could therefore be considered as a predictor of lymphatic metastases in cervical carcinoma.
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PMID:CD 44 exon v6 as a predictor of lymphatic metastases in cervical carcinoma--an immunocytochemical study of 94 cases. 757 7

The anatomy of the mesocolon can be seen on computed tomographic (CT) scans, and its CT anatomy can be described by using the vessels in the mesocolon as anatomic landmarks. Knowledge of this anatomy is the basis to understanding pathologic processes involving the mesocolon. Common pathologic conditions usually occur due to spread of disease between organs to which the mesocolon is attached, primarily the colon and pancreas. The disease may be a malignant lesion, a benign inflammatory process, or, rarely, a primary tumor of the mesocolon; the mode of spread may be via the lymphatic vessels, direct extension, vascular invasion, or vascular involvement. The authors demonstrate various pathologic conditions and modes of spread, as seen on CT scans, with emphasis on disease of the colon and pancreas. The pathway for the spread of disease and its progression in these organs can be predicted in patients with a known disease. More important, identification of abnormalities in the mesocolon leads to careful evaluation of the organs to which the mesocolon is attached.
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PMID:CT of the mesocolon. Part 2. Pathologic considerations. 829 Jul 26

One hundred and ninety-one breast cancer patients had breast conserving therapy (lumpectomy and postoperative radiotherapy) at the Shikoku Cancer Center Hospital between July 1989 and December 1994. Seven patients developed recurrence, two of them experienced recurrence in the treated breast after a median follow-up of 27 months. One of the two patients with the local recurrence had an inflammatory cancer-like change in the treated breast which consisted of a diffuse induration in the breast and thick overlying skin with redness. It was very difficult to distinguish local recurrence from the local change due to radiation. Her primary tumor showed prominent lymphatic vessel involvement, although the surgical margins were negative histologically. We believe that the possible lymphatic retention after axillary dissection facilitated this type of progression of the residual tumor cells within the lymphatic vessels. Although this type of local recurrence is quite rare, it could cause distant metastases. Reanalysis of surgical treatment and postoperative adjuvant therapy for the patients with breast cancer showing prominent lymphatic vessel involvement is required.
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PMID:Analysis of local recurrences after breast conserving therapy using postoperative radiotherapy. 870 18

The process of lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis has been elucidated in recent years by thorough morphological studies on resection specimens and new findings in the field of molecular biology. However, this process is far from being completely understood. Metastasis is a multistep process requiring numerous interactions of tumor cells with the surrounding matrix. Especially, adhesion, invasion of basement membranes and passage through extracellular matrix are active processes taking place in the tissue of the primary tumor and later on in host tissues. Metastases to distant organs can be the result of a venous invasion of the primary tumour as well as lymphovenous short-circuits or by the thoracic duct. Using immunohistological methods, tumor cells can be detected in lymph nodes, blood and bone marrow. This not termed metastasis, these cells are classified as isolated tumor cells (M1(i)). The frequency of lymph node metastasis depends on the intensity of histological examination. In colorectal carcinomas the risk of metastatic lymph nodes can be estimated by conventional parameters such as pT category of the primary tumor, histological grade or invasion of lymphatic vessels. The benefit of applying molecular markers (such as nm23-H1) is unclear. The successful removal of hepatic metastasis of colorectal carcinomas requires a more precise classification. A proposal of a more detailed and clarified classification will be discussed.
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PMID:[Principles of lymphogenic and hematogenous metastasis and metastasis classification]. 876 27

We have examined the expression of osteopontin (OPN) in 40 human primary gastric carcinoma tissues, 5 metastatic foci (lymph nodes) and corresponding normal mucosas. Twenty-nine of 40 primary tumors (72.5%) and 3 of 5 lymph node metastases (60%) overexpressed OPN mRNA in comparison with those of the corresponding normal mucosa. The incidence as well as relative expression level of OPN mRNA was higher in well differentiated gastric cancers than poorly differentiated ones. Moreover, increased OPN mRNA expression in primary tumor specimens was observed along with the advancement of the clinico-pathological stage. Using in situ hybridization (ISH) analysis, not only inflammatory cells in tumor stroma but also tumor cells showed positive signals for OPN mRNA. By immunohistochemistry, co-immunoreaction of OPN and CD44v9 in tumor cells obviously correlated with the degree of lymphatic vessel invasion or long distant lymph node metastases in poorly differentiated gastric cancer. Interestingly, strong co-immunoreaction of OPN and CD44v9 of tumor cells was concommitant with cluster formation in the lymphatic vessels. Our results suggest that overexpression of OPN correlated with the progression of human gastric carcinoma. Especially in CD44-bearing poorly differentiated gastric cancer, interaction between OPN and CD44 may parallel lymphogenous metastasis.
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PMID:Co-expression of osteopontin and CD44v9 in gastric cancer. 958 25


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