Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with metastatic renal cell cancer have an overall 5-year survival rate of only 28% to 40% in spite of aggressive surgical treatment. A prospective randomized study conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group used methyl--CCNU (meCCNU), vinblastine, and meCCNU-medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) to treat 165 patients with advanced renal cancer. The antitumor activity of the single-agent and/or combination therapy is analyzed. Patients were classified (as to grade of anaplasia of tumor; age; performance status; primary site of metastatic disease; and previous treatment with a progestational agent) and randomly assigned to various treatment protocols as described. Crossover randomization to one of alternate single-agent or combination regimens was carried out after failure with initial therapy. 2 meCCNU regimens were associated with severe hematologic toxicity, vinblastine regimens with neurotoxicity. All regimens except the vinblastine-MPA resulted in substantial vomiting. Response rate is low (11%) with each regimen. There were no statistically significant differences in treatment variables or factors among the various regimens. Patients capable of normal activity had a significantly higher response rate and longer survival period than nonambulatory or poor performance status patients. A relatively long symptom-free interval from primary tumor to metastatic disease was also associated with better survival rate. More than 50% of patients exhibited disease progression with 3 months of initiating the regimens.
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PMID:Phase II study of vinblastine, methyl-CCNU, and medroxyprogesterone in advanced renal cell cancer. 35 71

Interleukin (IL) 6 was measured in the serum of 138 patients with metastatic renal carcinoma before the initiation of IL-2 treatment. IL-6 was detectable in 66 patients with renal cancer (48%) and in only 8 of 70 normal adults (11%). Serum C reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 levels are correlated, suggesting that IL-6 is involved in CRP increase in these patients. The interval between diagnosis of the primary tumor and metastasis was shorter in patients with a detectable serum IL-6 and/or serum CRP level greater than 50 mg/liter. Serum IL-6 and CRP levels were higher in subgroups of patients previously defined as having a poor life expectancy according to the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group criteria. Pretreatment concentrations of IL-6 and CRP were higher in patients who experienced progressive disease after IL-2 treatment. Patients with detectable IL-6 had a shorter survival from the beginning of IL-2 treatment than patients without circulating IL-6 (median, 8 versus 16 months). Similarly, the median survival from the beginning of IL-2 therapy of patients with CRP levels greater than 50 mg/liter was 6 months, compared to 16 months in those with CRP levels below this threshold. None of the 21 patients with serum IL-6 concentrations greater than 300 pg/ml achieved response to any of the three IL-2 regimens. This subgroup has a median survival of 5 months after IL-2 treatment and consisted of 15% of the patients in our series. These results indicate that serum IL-6 and CRP levels are adverse prognosis factors in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Serum IL-6 level could help in the selection or stratification of the patients in future IL-2 trials.
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PMID:Serum level of interleukin 6 as a prognosis factor in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. 159 90

The attempt of treatment for metastatic renal cancer has not been a success as all the methods known failed to produce any significant effect on the development of metastases. So the search for the means which could potentiate the antitumor activity of the drugs or radiation therapy is still a problem. Various physicochemical methods, including hyperthermia and hyperglycemia, have been used as modifiers of tumor cell responses. When properly employed, hyperthermia and hyperglycemia can produce an antitumor effect. However, their ability to selectively potentiate radiation or chemotherapy is more valuable. A total of 25 patients with renal cell carcinoma and multiple metastases have undergone a comprehensive treatment: radiation therapy for metastases at the total dosage of 60 Gr after removal of the primary tumor. The session of hyperthermia and hyperglycemia was performed in the course of the radiation therapy. During the session chemotherapeutic agents were administered in a half-course dosage. The second part of the radiation therapy was continued after the session. The treatment course included 5 sessions and lasted 12 months. An immediate stabilization of the health status was recorded in all the patients. Some of them had the total or partial regression of metastases. Yet since the follow-up time was not long the authors could make no conclusions.
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PMID:[Whole-body artificial controlled hyperthermia and hyperglycemia in the combined treatment of metastatic kidney cancer]. 239 40

Coumarin, the parent compound of warfarin, has been observed to stimulate macrophages, increase phagocytosis, and induce changes in lymphocyte-mitogen responsiveness in cancer patients. Coumarin has been reported to have antitumor activity in human melanomas and renal cancer when used in conjunction with the H-2 antagonist, cimetidine. We have observed that coumarin has antiprostatic activity in rats. When coumarin was given to mature rats at a dose of 40 mg/kg, a significant decrease in the size of the prostate, seminal vesicles, and testes was observed. Testosterone levels were unchanged or slightly elevated, consistent with an antiandrogenic-like activity. Similarly, coumarin significantly inhibited the androgen-induced increase in prostatic size when administered to castrated rats receiving testosterone. Coumarin given to rats bearing the R-3327H androgen-sensitive, prostate-derived tumor decreased the size of the primary tumor. The effect was greater than that produced by castration. Coumarin is worthy of further consideration as an agent for use in controlling the normal and abnormal growth of the prostate.
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PMID:Effect of coumarin on the normal rat prostate and on the R-3327H prostatic adenocarcinoma. 272 Jun 65

The purpose of the study was to determine the value of macro- and microscopic signs of primary tumor that had the highest chance to contribute to metastatic growth in renal cancer patients within 3 years after nephrectomy. The study covered 92 cases of renal cancer, including 42 cases with, and 50 cases, without metastases by the time of surgery, autopsy or within 3 years after nephrectomy. Diagnostic coefficients were calculated for each sign by means of the consecutive Walde's analysis, and their respective values were estimated by Coulbaque's formula. The degree of malignancy was assessed on the basis of a combination of quantitative parameters of proliferative activity and cataplasia of the tumor. The degree of malignancy, tumor stage by the PTNM classification, size and growth pattern, renal vein involvement and the volume of necrotic foci were the most valuable predictors of metastatic growth.
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PMID:[Significance of morphologic signs of primary tumor for the prognosis of metastases of renal cell carcinoma]. 272 36

Out of 44 patients suffering from disseminated renal cell carcinoma 24/44 patients (group I) underwent nephrectomy, in 20/44 patients the primary tumor was not removed. In 12/44 patients chemotherapy was performed (7 patients group I, 5 patients group II). Comparison of the survival rate with and without chemotherapy revealed no significant difference in the two groups. Partial response was noted only in four patients with a mean duration of four months. These results can not give a final answer for the indication of chemotherapy in metastatic renal cancer.
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PMID:[Primary metastasized hypernephroma: therapy and follow-up]. 344 32

Renal adenocarcinoma implanted into isogeneic Wistar-Lewis rats closely resembles human renal cancer. This paper characterizes the tumor's growth rate, metastatic potential, and its light and electron microscopic appearance. Additionally, for the first time, the pathways through which a tumor acquires the cholesterol needed for growth were quantified in vivo. Two 1-mg pieces of renal carcinoma were implanted beneath the renal capsule of 80 Wistar-Lewis rats. Of the implanted tumors 95% "took" and grew rapidly, doubling every 2.6 days initially. Growth slowed, however, to a doubling time of 8.3 days by the fifth wk. Twenty rats underwent surgical resection of the primary tumor 5 wk after implantation. Of these, 85% subsequently developed lung metastases. Histologically, the tumor had a clear-cell appearance due to the presence of large vacuoles, some of which contained glycogen. The esterified cholesterol content of the tumor was 3-fold higher than normal kidney during the initial period of rapid tumor growth and increased to a 14-fold elevation by 12 wk. The normal kidney in vivo had a high rate of uptake of cholesterol carried in low density lipoproteins and a low rate of de novo sterol synthesis. In contrast, the renal carcinoma lost most of its low density lipoprotein uptake activity and, instead, acquired the cholesterol needed for growth by a 5-fold increase in the rate of de novo cholesterol synthesis. This model may prove valuable in both testing therapeutic strategies directed against human renal cancer and understanding the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in a growing cancer.
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PMID:Renal cell carcinoma in the Wistar-Lewis rat: a model for studying the mechanisms of cholesterol acquisition by a tumor in vivo. 348 39

The surgical results of the 63 patients with metastatic cancer of the spine, treated in Chiba University Hospital and Chiba Cancer Center in 1977-86, were analyzed. The location of the primary tumor were lung (30.2%), thyroid gland (14.3%), kidney (14.3%), breast (12.7%) and gastro-intestinal tract (9.5%). All patients had intractable pain, and 47 (76%) had neurologic deficit. 46 patients were treated with posterior procedure, 7 with anterior procedure and 10 with combined anterior and posterior procedure. Anterior and posterior stabilization using implants (instrumentation, ceramics, cement) were undertaken together with tumor resection and surgical decompression in past 10 years. In 21 patients treated with laminectomy only, 53% had pain relief, and 48% had improvement of neurologic deficit. In 42 patients treated with surgical decompression and stabilization, 78% had pain relief, and 54% had improvement of neurologic deficit. Surgical decompression should be undertaken before complete paralysis develop (degree B on Frankel classification). With multi-disciplinary treatment patients with metastatic cancer of the spine survived for a significantly longer time. In patients with neurological deficit but few visceral metastasis and in those with slow-growing tumor (thyroid cancer, breast cancer and kidney cancer) in which a survival time of longer than 6 months can be expected, operative intervention using advanced surgical technique the quality of the patient's life and let patients support themselves in ADL.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment of secondary spine tumors]. 359 13

A primary human renal clear cell carcinoma has been developed as a xenograft (JDF-1). Passage 7 of the JDF-1 tumor retained the microscopic morphology of the primary tumor, electron micrographs have confirmed its epithelial characteristics and karyotyping of a subsequent passage has proved it is not a murine hybrid. Immunoperoxidase studies using a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies demonstrate an antigenic phenotype specific for human renal cancer. In vitro chemosensitivities of the JDF-1 tumor were determined by the double-layer soft-agar clonogenic assay method. JDF-1 showed no significant sensitivities to several standard chemotherapeutic agents, but alpha-2-interferon and difluoromethylornithine in combination synergistically inhibited its growth by 74 per cent.
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PMID:Human renal cell carcinoma xenograft: morphology, growth and chemosensitivities. 392 5

The risk of second primary cancer was evaluated in 29,128 patients who developed tumors of the urinary tract, including benign and malignant tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter and bladder papillomas in Denmark between 1943 and 1980. Among 9,162 persons with kidney cancer, 416 developed a second primary tumor [relative risk (RR) = 1.4]. Among 19,966 persons with bladder cancer, 1,423 developed a second primary tumor against 1,239 expected (RR = 1.1). The risk of bladder cancer was increased following kidney cancer in both men (RR = 6.3) and women (RR = 10.1), and kidney cancer was increased in both men (RR = 2.9) and women (RR = 4.5) following bladder cancer. These risks were particularly pronounced for cancers occurring in the ureter and renal pelvis. Etiologic similarities are likely explanations for these observations, which also emphasize the role of host factors and the multifocal nature of urothelial tumors. A decrease in relative risks since diagnosis of the first primary cancer was seen that may partly be attributed to a lessening of the intensity of medical surveillance with time. Among long-term survivors with kidney cancer, increased risks were observed for colon and pancreatic cancers, which may be related to treatment; approximately 25% received radiotherapy. Among bladder cancer patients, increased risks of cancers of the lung and larynx occurred, probably due to tobacco smoking. A slight elevation of prostate cancer (RR = 1.3) may be attributable to medical surveillance. Unexpected findings were the significant deficits of cancers of the stomach and rectum among patients with bladder cancer and stomach cancer among those with kidney cancer.
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PMID:Second cancer following cancer of the urinary system in Denmark, 1943-80. 408 9


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