Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

On 170 patients with histologically proven carcinoma of the prostate scintigraphic studies of the skeleton using gamma camera and follow-up examinations were performed and compared with x-ray as well as serum alkaline and acid phosphatase. Osseous metastases in 47% had no radiological evidence and were only scintigraphically detectable. Positive scans were registered in 48% of the patients with prostatic cancer, 20% of them were positive due to metastases and 28% were false positive caused by osteoarthrotic and arthritic changes, sporadically by post-traumatic lesions and in 3 cases by Paget's disease. At the time of the initial diagnosis of prostatic cancer 21% of 159 patients studied scintigraphically had radiological or scan evidence of osseous metastases. Analyses corresponding stages of tumor revealed an unequivocal dependance of the frequency of metastases upon the extent of the primary tumor. The successful treatment is characterized by the decreased uptake of radioactivity primarily accumulated in skeletal metastases.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnosis of skeletal metastases in prostatic cancer using gamma camera (author's transl)]. 87 70

The study evaluates the effect of the locally recurring tumor on the incidence of metastatic disease in early stage carcinoma of the prostate. The probability of distant metastases was studied in 679 patients with Stage B-C/N0 carcinoma of the prostate treated at MSKCC between 1970 and 1985 (median follow-up of 97 months). Patients were staged with pelvic lymph node dissection and treated with retropubic 125I implantation. The actuarial distant metastases free survival (DMFS) for patients at risk at 15 years after initial therapy was 37%. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis of covariates affecting the metastatic outcome showed that local failure, used in the model as a time dependent variable, was the most significant covariate, although stage, grade, and implant volume were also found to be independent variables. The relative risk of metastatic spread subsequent to local failure was 4-fold increased compared to the risk without evidence of local relapse. The 15-year actuarial DMFS in 351 patients with local control was 77% compared to 24% in 328 patients who developed local relapses (p less than 0.00001). The relation of distant spread to the local outcome was observed regardless of stage, grade, or implant dose. Even stage B1/N0-Grade I patient with local control showed a 15-year actuarial DMFS of 82%, compared to 22% in patients with local relapse; p less than 0.00001). The median local relapse-free survival (LRFS) in the 268 patients with local recurrences who did not receive hormonal therapy before distant metastases were detected was 51 months, compared to a median of 71 months for DMFS in the same patients (p less than 0.001), consistent with the possibility that distant dissemination may develop secondary to local failure. Furthermore, distant metastases in patients with local control, apparently already existing as micrometastases before treatment, were detected earlier (median DMFS of 37 months) than in patients with local relapse (median DMFS of 54 months; p = 0.009). These data suggest that the existence and re-growth of local residual disease in localized prostatic carcinoma promotes an enhanced spread of metastatic disease, and that early and complete eradication of the primary tumor is required if a long term cure is to be achieved, although the clinical expression of secondary metastases may not become apparent for 6.5 years or more in one-half of the patients.
 ...
PMID:The effect of local control on metastatic dissemination in carcinoma of the prostate: long-term results in patients treated with 125I implantation. 186 52

Prostatic carcinoma represents the second leading cause of cancer mortality in men and is responsible for over 25,000 deaths each year. Currently, no curative therapy is available for metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. The present studies were undertaken to assess the efficacy of recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) in the therapy of experimental prostatic carcinoma. TNF was cytotoxic to the prostate cancer cell lines PC3, DU145, and LNCAP but not benign prostatic epithelial and stromal cells in vitro. The sensitivity of the prostatic carcinoma lines to TNF-mediated cytotoxicity was enhanced by the presence of actinomycin D. Intravenous administration of TNF (50-100 micrograms/kg) to nude mice bearing subcutaneous PC3 tumors resulted in significant inhibition of primary tumor growth compared to control. TNF was also effective in reducing the growth of intraabdominal PC3 tumors induced by intrasplenic injection of PC3. Furthermore, the incidence of microscopic PC3 foci in the spleen, liver, lung, and diaphragm was diminished in mice receiving TNF therapy. These studies demonstrate the potential of TNF in the therapy of human prostatic carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Therapeutic efficacy of recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha in an experimental model of human prostatic carcinoma. 231 60

Early endocrine therapy after radical retropubic prostatectomy was compared to radical prostatectomy alone (nonearly endocrine therapy) for the treatment of carcinoma of the prostate with lymph node metastases. Our retrospective analysis demonstrated that the 2 cohorts were similar with respect to patient age, Gleason sum score, seminal vesicle invasion, lymph node involvement, tumor volume and pathological stage of the primary tumor. The cause-specific survival of the entire group was 84% at 60 months and 78% at 98 months. The cause-specific curves for the early and nonearly endocrine therapy group were not significantly different (p less than 0.194), although the estimated 9-year survival rates were 91 and 71%, respectively. Survival free of disease was significantly prolonged in the early endocrine therapy group (p less than 0.030), with a 9-year estimated rate free of disease of 67% versus 32% in the nonearly endocrine therapy group. Followup prostate specific antigen serum levels were analyzed and the value as a progression marker is discussed. These data suggest that a radical operation plus early endocrine therapy is effective palliation in selected patients with low volume lymph node metastases, producing clinical survival free of disease in most patients.
 ...
PMID:Prognosis of patients with stage D1 prostate carcinoma following radical prostatectomy with and without early endocrine therapy. 238 31

Associations between epidermal growth factor (EGF) and carcinoma of the prostate (CAP) have not been systematically investigated. We used indirect immunohistochemical techniques to demonstrate cytoplasmic EGF in paraffin-embedded sections of the following primary prostatic tissues: benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (N = 10), BPH adjacent to CAP (N = 42), clinically localized CAP (N = 45), untreated metastatic CAP (N = 10), and metastatic CAP after varying periods of androgen deprivation (N = 10). In six of the latter 10 cases biopsies of the primary tumor obtained before androgen deprivation therapy were also available for study. Three of the BPH specimens (6%) and 44 of the CAP specimens (68%) stained. Forty per cent of the localized tumors stained but all untreated and treated metastatic tumors stained (p less than 0.01). There were direct but statistically insignificant correlations between the demonstration of EGF and both the Gleason score of localized and untreated metastatic tumors and the pathologic stage of localized tumors. The proportion of malignant cells stained in EGF positive tumors was similar regardless of Gleason score, pathologic stage or the presence or absence of metastases. However, the proportion of cells stained was greater in five of six specimens obtained during hormonal deprivation compared to specimens of the same tumor obtained before treatment. These data suggest that some prostatic cancers interact with EGF and that the interaction may be influenced by the androgenic milieu.
 ...
PMID:Epidermal growth factor and prostatic carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study. 245 Oct 41

From 1976 to 1983, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) conducted 2 large-scale phase III trials of extended field irradiation in patients with carcinoma of the prostate. The first, RTOG 75-06, was designed to test the value of elective periaortic irradiation in patients in whom the tumor extended beyond the gland, but remained limited to the pelvis, and the second, RTOG 77-06, was designed to test the value of elective pelvic irradiation in patients without evidence of spread beyond the prostate. The results indicated no apparent benefit from elective periaortic irradiation in patients with detectable disease confined to the pelvis and no apparent benefit from elective pelvic irradiation in patients with detectable disease confined to the prostate. Patients with extracapsular extension of the primary tumor and evidence of pelvic lymph node involvement demonstrated an outcome comparable to that in patients without evidence of lymphatic involvement. This observation may reflect a beneficial effect of pelvic irradiation in patients with nodal involvement. In contradistinction to elective irradiation of regional lymphatics, therapeutic irradiation (of the involved lymphatics) may prove strongly indicated. A prospective study testing this contention needs to be conducted. No significant correlation of treatment-related morbidity and treatment volume could be identified. Analysis of the various types of treatment-related morbidity as to the time of onset and clinical course indicated that these behave as different disease entities characterized by a specific pattern of appearance, clinical course, and prognosis. Of particular interest is the observation that most appear reversible. Doses in excess of 7,000 cGy to the prostate were associated with a significantly increased incidence of bowel morbidity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Radiation Therapy Oncology Group studies in carcinoma of the prostate. 317 4

Thirty-six patients with histology-proved Stage D2 carcinoma of the prostate were treated with a combination of bilateral orchiectomy, diethylstilbestrol 3 mg/day, and chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide) soon after diagnosis was established. The combined therapy was well tolerated by the patients, and complications were not severe and of a transient nature. The majority of patients showed a subjective and objective improvement: 75 per cent of patients had relief of bone pain, and 80 per cent reported relief in urinary symptoms. There was regression or stabilization of the primary tumor in 82.2 per cent. Disappearance or stabilization of osteoclastic lesions on bone scans was noted in 55.5 per cent of patients. The cumulative survival rate at eleven years is 55.5 per cent.
 ...
PMID:Combined hormone-chemotherapy for metastatic prostatic carcinoma. Eleven-year follow-up. 366 May 24

A 63-year-old man was admitted with the complaints of macrohematuria, sense of residual urine and urinary frequency. Physical examination revealed an enlarged hard prostate and left scrotal mass. The pathological diagnosis of the needle biopsy specimen of the prostate showed undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent bilateral orchiectomy for hormone therapy of prostatic carcinoma and treatment of suspected left testicular tumor. The histology of testicular tumor revealed metastasis from carcinoma of the prostate. Metastasis of the testis from prostatic carcinoma is rare in spite of the high incidence of the primary tumor. Clinical findings on testicular metastasis from carcinoma of the prostate obtained in 62 cases reported in available literature are reviewed and discussed in detail.
 ...
PMID:[Prostatic carcinoma with metastasis to the testicle: a case report]. 372 49

External beam irradiation has been used extensively in the treatment of primary prostatic carcinoma during the past 25 years. Actuarial survival rates of 79%, 58%, and 37% have been achieved at 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively, for patients with disease apparently limited to the prostate (nominal stage A and B; or T0, T1, and T2, status of lymph nodes unknown). The survival rates at the above intervals are 60%, 36%, and 22%, respectively, for patients with extracapsular extension (stage C, or T3 status of lymph nodes unknown). In more highly selected subgroups of patients, e.g., those with nodular lesions 1 cm or less in diameter, the survival stabilized at 80% by the 8th year, with the longest survivors now passing the 15th year. In 113 patients with nodular lesions occupying up to one half of one lobe, the probability of survival is just under 60% at 15 years. In a group of 51 staged Stanford patients, a study of the time to first evidence of metastases was comparable to the surgical group reported by the Uro-Oncology Research Group rather than the radiation therapy group, casting doubt that the difference in outcome between surgery and radiation therapy in stages A2 and B carcinoma of the prostate demonstrated in short-term follow-up by the Uro-Oncology Research Group is necessarily a fundamental observation. Both the clinical stage and the histopathologic grade can be correlated with lymphadenopathy, and lymphadenopathy, in turn, has a profound adverse influence on survival. Other factors which adversely affect survival include a delay in treatment of greater than six months, a radiation dose of less than 6500 rad and/or evidence of ureteral obstruction. The ability to sterilize the primary tumor with external beam irradiation appears related to the bulkiness of the disease, suggesting that, for larger tumors, the achievable dose by external beam therapy alone may be inadequate, and that some form of augmentation, such as the use of radiosensitizers, hyperthermia in conjunction with irradiation, or an interstitial supplement may be required to increase the rate of local sterilization.
 ...
PMID:Radiotherapy of prostatic cancer: Stanford University experience. 638 85

The paper is concerned with an analysis of the specificities of metastatic costal affection depending on the site of a primary tumor basing on a study of the skeleton scintigrams and scanograms of 2496 patients who were examined and treated in the All-Union Cancer Research Center, AMS USSR, in the period of 1980-1983. To assess the frequency of costal affection, the authors made use of an index of primary tumor metastasizing to the ribs (N. N. Trapeznikov, 1981) that reflects the ratio of the number of patients with costal metastases to the total number of patients with metastases. The analysis has shown that costal metastases are most frequently observed in breast carcinoma, prostatic and lung cancer. However, judging by the index of metastasizing tumors of the undetected primary focus come first, then head and neck tumors, and prostatic tumors. Costal metastases are observed 20% as more frequently in women than in men.
 ...
PMID:[Characteristics of metastatic lesions of the ribs from various sites of primary tumor process]. 669 37


1 2 3 Next >>