UMLS:C0677930 - FACTA Search

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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty patients aged 32-76 years (median 56 years) with various primary cancers or tumor recurrences (colorectal n = 14; lung, breast, medullary thyroid carcinoma n = 2, each) were studied with a technetium-99m labeled anti-CEA antibody. Intact monoclonal antibody BW 431/26 (Scintimum CEA-Tc-99m, Behringwerke AG, Marburg) was successfully labeled (Schwarz Method) by an instant 2-vial kit (labeling efficiency greater than 95% (TLC, HPLC), preserved immunoreactivity). The most frequent clinical indications were (1) the detection of tumor recurrences in patients with a steadily increasing serum CEA level (at a mean 2.3 years after complete removal of the primary tumor) but normal findings by conventional imaging modalities, (2) the search for extrahepatic tumor involvement in patients with known liver metastases scheduled for regional chemotherapy. Gamma camera scintigrams (planar and ECT) were performed 6-12 h and 18-26 h postinjection yielding a sensitivity of 95% (positive tumor contrast in 19/20 patients) with a specificity of 90% (positive predictive value 95%). Immunoscintigraphy successfully depicted tumor recurrences in 4/6 patients with elevated serum CEA values where all conventional imaging modalities had failed. The successful labeling of monoclonal antibodies with 99mTc represent an important step in clinical progress for the more practically orientated use of immunoscintigraphy and also opens new diagnostic fields.
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PMID:[Successful immunoscintigraphic tumor detection with technetium 99m marked monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies]. 268 92

The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during peritoneal dissemination of ovarian carcinoma and the association with tumor microvessel density (MVD) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity was investigated. To this end, MVD, tumor tissue and ascitic fluid levels of VEGF, and MMP activity of ascitic fluid were examined in patients with ovarian cancer and benign ovarian tumor. The effect of ascites on cell growth, cell invasion activity and angiogenesis was investigated in vitro. Ascitic fluid and tumor tissue samples were obtained from 15 patients with benign ovarian tumor and 24 patients with ovarian carcinoma. Tissue extract and ascitic fluid levels of VEGF were measured using enzyme immunoassay. Tumor microvessels were detected immunohistochemically. MMP activity was measured by gelatin zymography. For the in vitro experiment, the SKOV-3 human ovarian carcinoma cell line was utilized. Cell growth was examined using MTT-assay, cell invasion activity was measured by Matrigel in vitro invasion assay, and neovascularization was assessed using an angiogenesis kit. VEGF levels in tissue extract and ascitic fluid, MVD, expression of active form MMP-2 in ascitic fluid and ascites volume were higher in ovarian cancer patients than in benign ovarian tumor patients. In addition, these were elevated in stage III and IV diseases compared to stage I and II diseases in ovarian cancer patients. MVD and expression of active form MMP-2 in ascitic fluid were closely correlated with VEGF level in tissue extracts, and MVD and ascites volume were closely correlated with VEGF level in ascitic fluid. Cell invasive activity and angiogenesis activity increased when cells were exposed to ascites. These increases were apparent when exposed to ascites obtained from ovarian cancer patients and were related to VEGF concentrations of ascitic fluid and expression of active form MMP-2 in ascitic fluid. The increased VEGF secreted from tumor cells is suggested to enhance tumor growth through angiogenesis, to produce ascites and to elevate ascitic VEGF concentrations and expression of active form MMP-2. The progression of peritoneal involvement may be induced by elevated VEGF and expression of active form MMP-2, followed by increased VEGF in the primary tumor. Control of VEGF in the primary tumor may become an effective strategy against peritoneal dissemination of ovarian carcinoma.
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PMID:Vascular endothelial growth factor activating matrix metalloproteinase in ascitic fluid during peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer. 1246 50

Expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2/neu or HER-2) oncoprotein in invasive bladder cancer was examined by immunohistochemical staining in order to evaluate the potential for molecular-targeted therapy targeting HER-2 as a tailor-made treatment for patients with invasive bladder cancer. This study included 40 patients who were examined at Aichi Medical University Hospital and were pathologically diagnosed with invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (pT2 to pT4). Immunohistochemical staining using a Hercep test kit was performed to detect HER-2 expression, which was classified into four levels from 0 to 3+ by two experienced pathologists, with 2+ and 3+ determined as positive. HER-2 staining in the primary tumor was determined as 0 in 9 (22.5%) patients, 1+ in 14 (35%), 2+ in 10 (25%), and 3+ in 7 (17.5%), resulting in 17 (17/40, 42.5%) HER-2-positive patients. According to the classification of grade, one (1/3, 33.3%) grade 2 patient and 16 (16/37, 43.2%) grade 3 patients were HER-2 positive (p=0.99). According to the classification of stage, 12 (12/22, 54.5%) pT2 patients, 2 (2/13, 15.3%) pT3 patients, and 3 (3/5, 60%) pT4 patients were HER-2 positive (p=0.05). Lymph node metastasis was found in 10 patients, and 3 (3/6, 50%) pN2 patients were HER-2 positive (p=0.32). There was a statistically significant difference between patients with HER-2-positive primary tumors and those with HER-2-positive metastatic lymph nodes (p=0.02). This study suggested that 42.5% of patients with invasive bladder cancer may benefit from molecular-targeted therapy targeting HER-2, and that the efficacy of molecular-targeted therapy can be expected even for patients with lymph node metastases as long as their primary tumors are HER-2 positive.
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PMID:Potential for molecular-targeted therapy targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 for invasive bladder cancer. 1754 38

We assessed molecular markers such as BRCA1, K-ras, p53, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Survivin and telomerase activity in untreated ovarian cancer tissue samples, ascitic cells and normal ovarian tissues and gathered insights into their correlation with each other and also with apoptotic index. The expression of these proteins was analyzed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Apoptotic index was determined by TUNEL assay and telomerase activity was measured by PCR-ELISA kit. p53, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, K-ras and Survivin were found to be over expressed in tumors and ascitic cells as compared to normal controls whereas there was no significant difference in expression of BRCA1. A significantly higher telomerase activity and lower apoptotic index in tumors as compared to controls was observed. p53 positively correlated with Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, K-ras and Survivin expression and also clinical stage of the disease. A positive correlation between Survivin and Bcl-2, Bcl-XL was seen. Apoptotic Index, telomerase activity and BRCA1 expression showed no correlation with any of the parameters. Our study confirms the fact that multiple gene interactions govern the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, and analyzing ascitic cells of ovarian cancer patients may help to delineate molecular profile of the primary tumor.
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PMID:Role of apoptotic regulators in human epithelial ovarian cancer. 1761 99

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors GIST are rare mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by expression of a receptor that activates tyrosine kinase called C- kit. Since malignant GIST has an extremely poor prognosis even after surgical resection. The developement of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, STI571/imatinib mesylate/Gleevec, Glivec which inhibits the BCR-ABL, PDGF-R alpha, and C-Kit receptors, has changed the management of unresectable malignant GIST and has improved the survival of patients with metastaic disease. We report a 32 year old male patient with subcardiale gastric GIST and massive gastrointestinale bleeding. The patient underwent total gastrectomy, D2 lymphadenestomy, distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy on 02.02. 2004. Histopathology examination of the primary tumor revealed a strong C-Kit expression and CD 34 +++, Ki67 20 and so called "Pure GIST" was approved Liver metastasis was detected on ultrasound and CT 12 months later and segmentectomy S7 was performed on 23.03.2005. Postoperative course was uneventfull. HP examination--malignant 35 x 30 mm sarcoma like tumor of mesenchymal origin. The patient received adjuvant imatinib-mesylate Gleevec Novartis Pharma Basel 400 mg a day. The initial complete response to treatment continued to 24 monts postoperatively Imatinib is a recent and very promising tretemenextirpation remains the only curative treatment of malignant GIST as evideneced by our patient.
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PMID:[Gastrointestinal gastric tumor (GIST) as a cause of massive hemorrhage from the upper digestive tract]. 1763 80

Our objective was to identify factors that correlate with high CA125 (cancer antigen 125) concentrations in Tunisian women with epithelial ovarian cancer and to introduce recommendations for reporting and interpreting individual CA125 assay results. We analyzed repeated serum CA125 levels, by the immunoenzymatic assay using an AxSym CA125 kit, in 90 patients who were treated for ovarian cancer from 1994 to 2006 in CHU Farhat Hached Sousse Tunisia. Using a logistic model, we found that carcinosis is significantly predictive of high levels of serum CA125 (p = 0.005). A woman's age (> or = 45 years, p = 0.016) and menopausal status (postmenopausal patient, p = 0.034) are also predictive of increased CA125 concentration. Patients with serous histological subtype have higher CA125 values (p = 0.001). Presence of ascites is associated with high serum CA125 values and thus could be considered as a predictor of high serum CA125 concentration (p = 0.023). The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage and primary tumor size are not significant predictors of CA125 concentrations (p > 0.05). We conclude that clinically significant parameters should lead to the best interpretation of rising CA125 levels and consequently to more appropriate management of epithelial ovarian cancer patients.
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PMID:Factors predictive of elevated serum CA125 levels in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. 1772 43

EGF receptor (EGFR) represents an attractive target for anticancer therapies in a variety of malignant neoplasms, including colorectal, non-small-cell lung, head and neck carcinomas and gliomas. Monoclonal antibodies, such as cetuximab, are directed against the extracellular EGFR domain, whereas small molecules are targeting the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. Particularly for application of drugs against extracellular EGFR parts, knowledge about EGFR levels within the cell membrane is of high import, because only EGFR-depending tumors respond to these therapeutic approaches. Immunohistochemical investigation of tissue slides of the primary tumor are performed to screen for EGFR occurrence in tumor cells. Since 2004, the combination of 'EGFR PharmDx kit', a diagnostic test for EGFR, and subsequent application of cetuximab in EGFR-positive colon carcinomas has been approved by the US FDA. It represents the second approved combination of diagnostic tools and dependent application of monoclonal antibody therapies after the successful HercepTest/Herceptin for breast carcinomas. This proceeding represents an important step toward a personalized cancer therapy with major advantages for patients, mainly reduction of toxic side effects and dramatically increased efficiency.
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PMID:Implications of EGFR PharmDx kit for cetuximab eligibility. 1836 1

After distal gastrectomy in a patient with early gastric cancer, 27 regional lymph nodes around the stomach were evaluated for the existence of metastasis. There was a 0IIa+IIc type tumor 2.0 x1.5 cm in size in the gastric angle of the lesser curvature according to the Japanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma (JCGC). Histologically, the lesion extended no deeper than the muscularis mucosae. The cancer stage was so early that no metastasis was expected to occur but a lymph node with metastasis was found in one lymph node along the common anterior hepatic artery (station No.8a). This histological type was a little different from that of a primary tumor. The doctor began to suspect that the lymph node with metastasis might have been from another patient by mistake. Therefore, DNA typing using the AmpFlSTR Identifiler kit was performed in formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues: 2 parts of gastric mucosa without cancer, one part of gastric mucosa with cancer, 4 lymph nodes without metastasis, and the lymph node station No.8a with metastasis. STR typing was successful in 6~14 STR loci and amelogenin gene, and the detected STR type was the same in all samples. Compared with the STR type using DNA from the patient's blood, the lymph node station No.8a was from the same patient. The lymph node with metastasis turned out to be not from another patient. Therefore, we suggest that DNA typing using the AmpFlSTR Identifiler Kit for FFPE samples is useful in such clinical cases.
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PMID:Useful DNA typing using AmpFlSTR Identifiler Kit for formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues in early gastric cancer patient with lymph node metastasis. 1960 61

This is the case report of a 38-year-old woman who presented with a mass of the right broad ligament that was diagnosed as a female adnexal tumor of probable Wollfian origin (FATWO). The patient was treated with a simple mass excision. Three years after the excision, the patient presented with uterine bleeding. A total abdominal hysterectomy was advised. Intraoperative histologic consultation showed a poorly differentiated tumor on the surface of the left ovary. After extensive immunohistochemistry analysis and after reviewing the histology slides from the primary tumor, the final diagnosis was concluded to be recurrent FATWO on the surface of the ovary. C-kit immunohistochemistry was found to be strongly positive. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of C-kit genes on exons 9, 11, 13, and 17 and of PDGFR gene on exons 12 and 18 showed no mutational changes. Owing to the limited options in treating recurrent disease and the lack of prognostic factors for recurrence or metastasis, the patient was started on 400 mg of imatinib mesylate therapy for 6 months. In addition, the patient is undergoing continuous follow-up by computed tomographic imaging every 6 months. As chemotherapy and radiation therapy for recurrent or metastatic FATWO are most often unsuccessful, a molecular targeted therapy, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitor, could be considered. However, collective data are needed from multiple centers to determine its effectiveness in these patients.
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PMID:Female adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian origin (FATWO) with recurrence 3 years postsurgery. 2146 31

Approximately 50% of mucosal melanomas affect the head and neck region representing approximately 9% of all malignant head and neck tumors. The pathogenesis of this disease is unknown. Mucosal melanomas are characterized by an aggressive biological behavior, leading to a 5-year survival rate of less than 25%. Data for this review were identified by searches of Medline, Current Contents, PubMed, and references from relevant articles using the terms 'mucosal melanoma,' 'head and neck melanoma,' 'c-kit mutation in melanoma,' and 'c-kit inhibitors'. Therapy aims for the complete surgical excision of the primary tumor, whereas sentinel node biopsy is not established and present data do not support the addition of radiotherapy. Mutilating operations of larger tumors should be avoided, as they do not inhibit the frequent development of distant metastasis. C-kit mutations and amplifications are found in approximately 15-30% of mucosal and acral-lentiginous melanomas. Therefore, the use of so-called targeted therapies addressing molecular structures in mucosal melanomas seem to represent new promising treatment tools. In this study, we review the literature regarding epidemiology, molecular pathology, and therapy of mucosal melanomas of the head and neck emphasizing c-kit protein inhibiting treatment modalities for tumors carrying c-kit mutations.
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PMID:Mucosal melanomas of the head and neck: new aspects of the clinical outcome, molecular pathology, and treatment with c-kit inhibitors. 2189 3

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