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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Quantitative determination of the estrogen receptor (estrophilin) content of an excised tumor specimen provides information useful in selecting the type of systemic therapy best suited to the individual patient with advanced breast cancer. Women whose tumors contain low or negligible amounts of estrophilin rarely respond to endocrine ablation or other hormone therapy, whereas most but not all patients with receptor-rich cancers receive benefit from endocrine treatment. Properly interpreted, estrophilin assay predicts hormone dependency correctly in 85 to 90 percent of the cases. Analysis of the primary tumor at the time of mastectomy not only serves as a guide to subsequent therapy if metastases should appear but it also provides a clue to the probability and rapidity of recurrence. Because present methods for receptor determination have certain limitations, we are developing an immunoassay, based on monoclonal antibodies to human estrophilin, that promises to provide a simple, inexpensive procedure for the routine analysis of breast cancer specimens.
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PMID:Hormone dependency of breast cancer. 727 88

151 women were treated for potentially curable breast cancer. Their tumors were routinely analysed for estrogen receptors by the dextran-coated charcoal technic. Data were analyzed in relation to several parameters: age, age of menstruation, menopausal status, tumor size, TNN staging, axillary node status, nature of treatment. We have examined the pronostic implication of an ER negative content (ER-) in the primary tumor. We have found that the absence of detectable estrogen receptor in primary breast tumor appears to be correlated with a short disease free interval. In positive axillary node patients the value of the disease free interval is significantly shorter in ER- than in ER+ group: 11.5 months versus 23.5 (p less than 0.01).
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PMID:[Operable carcinoma of the breast. Prognostic value of estradiol receptors. Preliminary report (author's transl)]. 736 Jun 26

The estrogen receptor (ER) assay has become a standard practice in the management of advanced breast cancer. Tumors lacking ER respond infrequently to endocrine therapy, whereas response rates of 50 to 60 percent are observed in ER+ tumors. Recent studies indicate that the ER status of the primary tumor is a good predictor of the endocrine dependence of metastatic tumors at the time of clinical relapse. Furthermore, the absence of ER in the primary tumor is an important independent prognostic indicator of higher rate of recurrence and shorter survival. Quantitative analysis of Er and an assay for progesterone receptor (PgR) are two methods for increasing the accuracy of selecting or rejecting patients for hormonal therapy; tumors with a high quantitative ER content or those with a positive PgR display the highest objective response rates. Preliminary analysis suggests that the presence of PgR may be a better marker of tumor hormone dependence than quantitative ER.
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PMID:The value of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the treatment of breast cancer. 744 33

The predictive value of the estrogen receptor (ER) assay with regard to the response to hormonal treatment was analyzed in women with advanced breast carcinoma. The significance of ten clinical variables of putative prognostic value was also investigated. A total of 49 courses of endocrine therapy were available for study. The respective merits of using the receptor information as a qualitative or a quantitative variable were compared. Linear logistic regression analysis showed that the quantitative information was significantly related to the therapeutic response (P < 0.0001) and proved to be superior to the qualitative information. Compared with the clinical variables tested with the logistic model, receptor concentration was by far the most important single predictor of response. Nevertheless, introduction of two of these clinical variables (i.e., age and menopausal status) into the model in addition to receptor concentration improved its predictive value. Presented in graphic form, the improved model provides a simple means to estimate the probability that a given patient will respond to endocrine therapy. Successive ER assays were available in a series of patients who had received no systemic treatment. In ER+ cases, there was a significant correlation between receptor concentrations in the consecutive assays. There was no influence of the time interval between tissue samplings. Data were also consistent in ER- patients. These results give support to the practice of routine receptor determination in the primary tumor at the time of mastectomy. It is concluded that the distinction between hormone-responsive and hormone-resistant tumors appears artificial. The therapeutic implications of a continuous gradient of hormone-dependency among breast cancers are discussed.
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PMID:Clinical significance of the quantitative assessment of estrogen receptors in advanced breast cancer. 744 34

Measurement of cytoplasmic estrogen (REc) and progesterone (RPc) receptors in human breast tumors together with estrogen receptor activity in the residual pellet ("nuclear" REN) provides a more accurate prediction of hormonal dependence that REc alone. Of 74 patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer, 57% of those with REc+ tumors had an objective response to endocrine manipulation. Of 51 patients whose tumor was assayed for both REc and RPc activity, 9 of 12 patients with REc+ RPc+ tumors showed remission, whereas only 3 of 30 patients with REc- RPc-, 2 of 6 with REc+ RPc-, and 2 of 3 with REc- RPc+ tumors had a clinical response. In a group of 19 patients where triple assay was performed, 5 of 6 with tumors positive for all three receptors responded, whereas 9 patients with triple negative tumors all showed no remission. Fifty-nine percent of primary and 60% of metastatic tumors with REc+ activity were also shown to be RPc+. Thirteen percent of REc- tumors were RPc+. Patients with REc+ RPc+ primary tumors tended to have a longer disease-free interval than patients with RPc- tumors, irrespective of whether the tumors were REc+ or REc-. In the light of the possibility of employing receptor status of the primary tumor to predict hormonal responsiveness in subsequent recurrences, a comparison is made of receptor status measured in primary tumors and metastases.
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PMID:The clinical value of multiple steroid receptor assays in breast cancer management. 744 41

Changes in estrogen receptor (ER) expression and function may explain the development of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. ER expression was measured by an immunohistochemical assay, validated for use in tamoxifen-treated tumors against a biochemical enzyme immunoassay, in 72 paired biopsies taken before treatment and at progression or relapse on tamoxifen. Progesterone receptor (PgR) and pS2 gene expression were also measured immunohistochemically as an indicator of ER function. Overall the frequency of ER expression was reduced from 37 of 72 (51%) pretamoxifen to 21 of 72 (29%) at progression or relapse, with a significant reduction in the quantitative level of ER (P < 0.0001; Wilcoxon signed rank sum test). Tumors treated with primary tamoxifen that responded but then developed acquired resistance frequently remained ER positive (ER+) at relapse: 16 of 18 (89%) were ER+ pretamoxifen (75% of these expressed either PgR or pS2) and 11 of 18 (61%) were ER+ at relapse (82% continued to express PgR or pS2). In contrast, only 3 of 20 (15%) tumors that progressed on primary tamoxifen with de novo resistance were ER+ pretamoxifen, and all tumors were ER- at progression. At progression, 6 of 20 (30%) of these tumors expressed high levels of PgR (mean H-score, 98) and/or pS2 (mean, 50% cells positive), despite being ER-. In tumors that recurred during adjuvant tamoxifen therapy, including locoregional and metastatic lesions, ER expression was significantly reduced from 18 of 34 (53%) in the original primary tumor to 10 of 34 (29%) at relapse (P = 0.002). PgR expression was likewise significantly reduced in this group (P = 0.001). This study confirms that expression of a functional ER in breast cancer is a strong predictor for primary response to tamoxifen. Although ER was reduced in tamoxifen-resistant tumors overall, the development of acquired resistance was associated with maintained ER expression and function in many tumors, whereas de novo resistance remained related to lack of ER expression. Recurrence during adjuvant tamoxifen was associated with development of an ER/PgR-negative phenotype in some tumors. These data imply that separate mechanisms of resistance may occur in these different clinical subgroups.
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PMID:Changes in estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and pS2 expression in tamoxifen-resistant human breast cancer. 761 68

A moderately-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line(EI) was established from a surgical specimens obtained from a 55-year-old woman with endometrial carcinoma. This cell line could be transplanted to nude mice, where the cells showed the same histological type as the primary tumor. The doubling time of the cell line was 50.5 hours; the saturation density was 7.5 x 104 cells/cm2; the plating efficiency was 46%. This cell line was determined to produce TPA, but not other tumor markers, such as CA125 or CEA. Neither estrogen receptor, nor progesterone receptor was detected from the culture cell or the primary tumor. Chromosome analysis revealed that cells examined were all 46,XX, + 8,t(14q14q), and only cells with this karyotype were thought to be able to grow. From these results, it was suggested that a gene on No. 8 chromosome would be involved in the carcinogenesis of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Thus this cell line was thought to be useful for the clarification of gene conversion during the process of development of endometrial adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:[Establishment and characterization of the new cell line (EI) from a human endometrial adenocarcinoma]. 766 52

Progesterone binding cyst protein (PBCP) was measured in breast cancer cytosols from 128 pre- and post-menopausal women with operable node positive (pN+) breast cancer Stage II. All patients were included in a national multicenter study on the effect of adjuvant tamoxifen treatment in hormone sensitive breast cancer, i.e. estrogen receptor content of at least 10 pmol/g cytosol protein. Patients were randomised to receive adjuvant tamoxifen 20 mg once daily for two years or no endocrine treatment. At a median follow-up of 60 months, we found PBCP content in the primary tumor to be an important factor with regard to the effect of adjuvant tamoxifen treatment. The benefit of adjuvant tamoxifen treatment on relapse-free survival and overall survival was confined to the subpopulation of patients with PBCP negative tumors. PBCP should be further evaluated as a predictive factor for the effect of tamoxifen treatment.
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PMID:Progesterone binding cyst protein in hormone receptor positive breast cancer; a predictive factor for effect of adjuvant tamoxifen treatment. 784 May 7

The introduction of c-erbB-2 protein to clinical medicine as a prognostic indicator and tumor marker is desired. The authors determined the concentration of c-erbB-2 protein in 81 breast cancer tissues by enzyme immunoassay. The concentration of c-erbB-2 protein in breast cancer tissues showed a broad spectrum. A significant correlation was observed between tissue c-erbB-2 protein concentration and estrogen receptor status or immunohistochemical determination. In patients with distant metastases, there was a close association between c-erbB-2 protein concentration in the primary tumor and serum c-erbB-2 protein level. Cases with a high tumor concentration of c-erbB-2 protein (> 1000 U/mg total protein; 18.5% of cases) had a poor prognosis. From the above, we concluded the measurement of tissue c-erbB-2 protein by enzyme immunoassay to be clinically useful in breast cancer.
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PMID:Quantitative analysis of c-erbB-2 protein in breast cancer tissue by enzyme immunoassay. 790 94

A controlled cooperative study was carried out to assess the value of modified radical mastectomy for patients with stage II breast cancer. The data was analyzed from 11 institutions in the Shikoku District participating in a prospective clinical trial in which patients were randomly assigned either to a modified radical mastectomy group or an extended radical mastectomy group. These two groups of patients were similar to each other in terms of such background factors as age distribution, menopausal status, TNM classification, tumor size, location of the primary tumor, axillary nodal involvement, histological type, and estrogen receptor status. The median follow-up times in the modified and extended radical mastectomy groups were 4.7 and 4.5 years, respectively. The cumulative curves indicated no difference between the two groups in either disease-free survival or overall survival. The survival rates were classified according to the presence or absence of axillary nodal metastases. However, no significant difference was found between the two groups. These findings thus suggest that the routine removal of the grossly uninvolved major pectoral muscle and parasternal lymph nodes is not necessary in patients with stage II breast cancer.
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PMID:Five-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing modified radical mastectomy and extended radical mastectomy for stage II breast cancer. 800 62


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