Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An argyrophil stain for nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) has recently been applied to paraffin sections of human tissues. This report describes a positive relationship between the mean numbers of AgNOR sites per nucleus and tumor growth fraction, as determined by immunostaining with the monoclonal antibody Ki-67, in 83 malignant breast tumors (P less than .01). This relationship supports recent suggestions that the NOR count may reflect cell synthetic activity and hence, proliferation. AgNOR counts correlated inversely with immunocytochemically assessed estrogen receptor content (P less than .002), but there was no relationship between the AgNOR count and primary tumor size, histologic grade, axillary node status, or patient age. A significant difference (P less than .00001) was found between the AgNOR counts in 64 benign breast lesions (mean, 2.05) and 85 malignant breast neoplasms (mean, 5.46). The limitations of the silver staining technique and the problems of reproducibility in AgNOR counting are detailed.
 ...
PMID:Nucleolar organizer regions relate to growth fractions in human breast carcinoma. 247 25

One hundred thirty-four pre- and perimenopausal patients presenting with metastatic breast cancer (median age, 42 years; range, 25 to 55) were treated with goserelin (Zoladex [ICI 118 630]; ICI Pharma, Plankstadt, Germany) a long-acting gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-analogue depot formulation, injected subcutaneously every 4 weeks, as a first-line therapy. One hundred eighteen patients were evaluable for response. Serum concentrations of estradiol, luteinizing hormones (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormones were significantly suppressed by Zoladex. Mean serum estradiol values fell into the range of castrated or postmenopausal women within 2 to 3 weeks of therapy. This suppression was maintained for the duration of therapy. Overall objective response was: 12 (10.2%) complete remission; 41 (34.7%) partial remission; 33 (28.0%) no change; and 32 (27.1%) progression. In responders, the median time to response was 4 months (range, 2 to 11 months), median duration of response was 8 + months (range 2 to 24 months), and median time to progression was 11 + months (range, 5 to 30 months). Objective responses were seen for different sites of metastases: loco-regional (62.5%), bone (46.7%), visceral (45.0%), and multiple (35.1%). Tumor remission was more common in patients in which the primary tumor was estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (49.3%) or ER-unknown (44.0%), but appreciable response rates were also observed in ER-poor patients (33.3%). Zoladex depot was well tolerated both locally and systemically. It produced effective castration and the objective response rates and duration of remission are at least comparable to those seen following oophorectomy; however, the side effects are less. The use of depot Zoladex avoids the psychological trauma and operative morbidity of the irreversible operative castration.
 ...
PMID:Goserelin, a depot gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist in the treatment of premenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer. German Zoladex Trial Group. 252 63

The relationship between dietary habits and prognostic factors for breast cancer was studied in 240 women aged 50-65 years who had surgery for breast cancer between 1983 and 1986. A dietary history interview was conducted within the 4 months following resection of the primary tumor. In the stepwise multivariate analysis, the multiple-odds ratio (OR) for having a tumor greater than or equal to 20 mm in diameter was 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.91-0.99) for each 1-g increase in fiber intake per 10 MJ of energy intake. Compared with patients having tumors poor in estrogen receptor (ER), those having ER-rich tumors (greater than or equal to 0.10 fmol/microgram of DNA) were older (P less than .01) and reported carbohydrate intake yielding higher E% (percentage of total energy intake) (P less than .01) and higher retinol intake per 10 MJ (P less than .05). The OR for having an ER-rich tumor was 1.58 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.31) for each 1-mg increase in retinol intake per 10 MJ; 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.16) for each additional year of age; and 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.13) for each 1% increment in E% from carbohydrates. These results suggest that the dietary patterns of the western world (e.g., high fat intake and low intake of carbohydrates and fiber) affect certain prognostic factors in breast cancer, such as tumor size and ER content of the tumor.
 ...
PMID:Dietary habits and prognostic factors in breast cancer. 254 78

Eighty-one patients with operable breast cancers received the short-term and intensive preoperative chemotherapy, followed by radical mastectomy are presented. The total response rate in the primary tumor to chemotherapy was 59%. Seven patients (8.6%) had complete remission, 41 (50.6%) partial remission and 33 (40.7%) stable lesions. No cancer cells were found histopathologically by serial sections from two primary lesions after chemotherapy. The authors found that tumor with small size, short course and regular shape had a better response rate. Histopathological type, firmness and boundary of tumor, menopausal status, and estrogen receptor (ER) status were not related to the chemotherapeutic effect. No obvious toxicity and side effects were found during the chemotherapy. The chemotherapy did not influence the wound healing. The results indicate that the chemotherapy has a favorable effect on breast cancer and is safe and valid. The response rate of breast cancer to chemotherapy before operation can be used as breast cancer chemosensitivity test in vivo.
 ...
PMID:[Preoperative intensive chemotherapy of operable breast cancer]. 255 71

Forty-two cases of recurrent and 14 cases of advanced clinical stage (III and IV) endometrial carcinoma are presented, in which progesterone and estrogen receptors from the metastatic sites were measured. Mean survival time (time from recurrence or, in advanced stages, from the time of diagnosis to death or last follow-up), mean total survival time (time from diagnosis to death or last follow-up), and mean time to recurrence (time from diagnosis of primary tumor to the time of recurrence) were positively correlated with positive progesterone and estrogen receptor status and with histologic grade of tumor. No correlation was found with age, clinical stage, depth of myometrial invasion, or site of metastasis. However, when multiple variables were considered with the Cox regression model, the combination most highly correlated with survival included progesterone receptor, grade of tumor, and site of metastasis (pelvis vs. other sites). All differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). We conclude that measurement of progesterone and estrogen receptors in metastatic or recurrent endometrial tumors may be used as an additional prognostic variable.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic significance of steroid receptors measured in primary metastatic and recurrent endometrial carcinoma. 258 47

With the availability of monoclonal antibodies against the estrogen receptor (ER) it is possible to demonstrate the presence of ER immunohistochemically. Some of the antibodies are claimed to be reactive in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue. We have evaluated the reactivity of one of these antibodies, D75 and found an acceptable reaction in routinely formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue. The antibody was applied to both primary and secondary tumors from a group of patients with recurrent breast cancer. The metastatic lesions consisted of lymph node metastases, bone marrow metastases, and liver metastases. While 41% of the primary tumors were ER-positive, this was only the case with 35%, 20%, and 17% of the lymph node, bone marrow, and liver metastases, respectively. The discordance between the ER-status of the primary tumor and the distant metastasis was 41% in cases of bone marrow metastases, and 44% in liver metastases. In most cases the shift was from an ER-positive primary tumor to an ER-negative metastasis. The results support the hypothesis that ER-negative tumor cells are probably more aggressive with a larger metastatic potential than the higher differentiated, ER-positive tumor cells.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical detection of estrogen receptors in paraffin sections from primary and metastatic breast cancer. 261 69

The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) trial of adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil, and prednisone (CMFP) or CMFP plus tamoxifen (CMFPT) for 1 year compared with observation alone in 265 postmenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer is reported with 74 months median follow-up. Overall relapse-free survival tended to favor CMFPT (P = .08), but no survival differences existed between any treatment group. The addition of tamoxifen to CMFP led to slightly (but not significantly) better relapse-free status in all subgroups analyzed. Subgroup analysis based on stratification variables showed significant benefit from CMFP (+/- T) only in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative patients with respect to disease-free status (P = .0003), but not survival (P = .54). Relapse-free status was actually worse for CMFP-treated patients with ER-positive tumors, but not significantly so (P = .15). By multivariate analysis other significant risk factors for relapse-free status were primary tumor size, number of nodes pathologically involved, and the number of nodes examined. ER status was prognostic only for the observation group with the benefit from chemotherapy on ER-negative patients obliterating this difference in treated patients. Survival was affected by the number of involved nodes, tumor size, presence of tumor necrosis, and patient obesity. Analysis of toxicity showed elevation of liver enzymes during the first year to be more common in the observation group compared with those patients receiving adjuvant treatment and to be associated with early recurrence. Toxicity from adjuvant treatment persisted beyond termination of therapy in 53% of patients, but was usually mild and self-limited. We conclude CMFPT offers relapse-free survival benefit in ER-negative patients, but the value of chemotherapy in ER-positive postmenopausal, node-positive patients must be questioned.
 ...
PMID:Six-year results of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial of observation versus CMFP versus CMFPT in postmenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer. 266 34

Tumor-bearing patients with breast cancer were assayed for their natural killer (NK) cell activity and for the function of activated cytotoxic T-cells, as assessed by lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (LDCC). Tumor-bearing patients with breast cancer had a significant increase in NK activity and in LDCC, as compared with healthy control individuals. Although the enhanced NK cell activity and LDCC were closely associated with high levels (greater than 31 fmol/mg) of estrogen receptor (ER) content in the primary tumor, no other clinical or histologic correlation between the increase in either parameter of cytotoxic effector cell function could be found. Thus, ER levels greater than 31 fmol/mg might be associated with increased cytotoxic effector cell function in tumor-bearing patients with breast cancer.
 ...
PMID:Association of increased lytic effector cell function with high estrogen receptor levels in tumor-bearing patients with breast cancer. 270 70

Monoclonal antibodies against an estrogen-regulated Mr 24,000 cytosol protein (p24) were used for immunocytochemical localization of p24 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from the primary tumor in 103 patients who received endocrine therapy for advanced breast cancer. Sixty-one per cent of the tumors showed p24-positive staining, and this correlated well with the presence of estrogen receptor (ER) (P = 0.00017, chi-square test). Response to endocrine therapy was obtained in 43% of the patients. A statistically significant association between p24 status and response could not be established, while response and ER status were highly correlated (P = 0.0000029, chi-square = 21.6). Discrimination between ER-positive responders and ER-positive non-responders was not possible using p24 staining.
 ...
PMID:Immunocytochemical determination of the estrogen-regulated protein Mr 24,000 in primary breast cancer and response to endocrine therapy. 271 41

An immunoradiometric assay was used to determine the presence of p29 protein in 68 breast cancer cyTOSOLS. The p29 values ranged from 0 to 1123 U/mg, with a mean value of 127 +/- 28.7 U/mg. Using a cutoff point of 20 U/mg the frequency of p29 positive tumors was about 55%. A quantitative and qualitative relation was found between p29 and estrogen receptor (ER), but not between p29 and progesterone receptor (PR). Discordance between p29 and ER status was found in 13 out of 68 tumors. Both the frequency of p29 positive tumors and the p29 values were significantly higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women, in a similar way to ER but different from PR. There was no difference in p29 content between primary tumor and metastasis. We did not find any relation among p29 primary tumors content and axillary lymph nodes involvement or tumor size.
 ...
PMID:p29 protein in breast cancer: relation between estrogen and progesterone receptors. 274 Dec 16


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>