Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between January 1982 and June 1986, 60 consecutive patients with high-grade astrocytomas [39 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), 21 anaplastic astrocytoma (AA)] were treated with radiation therapy after biopsy (13 patients) or resection (47 patients). Fifty-three patients were treated with limited-volume irradiation, and seven patients received whole-brain irradiation. The mean tumor dose was 65.4 Gy. In 35 patients, chemotherapy was given as part of their initial treatment. The 1- and 2-year survivals for GBM patients were 40 and 14%, respectively. Survival figures for AA patients were 76 and 52% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. The progression-free rate at 1 year was 13% in GBM and 29% in AA patients. Thirty-four of 48 patients who received limited-volume irradiation had evidence of progression on postirradiation CT scans. Six patients (3 GBM, 3 AA) had evidence of a new intracranial metastatic site on CT scan. In three patients the metastasis was within the previously irradiated volume, and in the other three patients, it was outside this volume. All six had evidence of progression of their primary tumor at the original location on CT scan prior to the discovery of the metastatic site. Twenty-one patients (15 GBM, 6 AA) had at least one postirradiation reoperation for a recurrent mass. Nineteen patients had recurrent tumors in the primary site, and two patients had necrosis but no tumor. Patients who received limited-volume irradiation for high-grade astrocytomas achieved the same survival results as patients treated previously with whole brain irradiation. New intracranial metastases did not influence the outcome, since these were always antedated by tumor progression at the primary site.
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PMID:Outcome and patterns of failure following limited-volume irradiation for malignant astrocytomas. 185 73

Twelve cases of malignant gliomas (anaplastic astrocytoma 4, glioblastoma 8, recurrent 3, primary 9) were treated with ACNU and radiation with sensitizing agents after the surgical removal of the tumor. BUdR, Vidarabine (Ara-A), Aciclovir (ACV) were applied for sensitizing agents. BUdR was administrated intraarterially prior to radiation (380 rad, two times a week), and Ara-A and ACV intravenously during and after the radiation. Total dosage of the radiation was 50-60 Grey for each case. All recurrent and eight primary patients died. The mean survival time of the recurrent patients was 17.7 months, while that of the primary patients was 13.4 months. One of the primary patient was glioblastoma and is still surviving more than 24 months by now. The complete response (CR) rate of the primary tumor patients observed by computerized tomography (CT) scan was 5/9. We can expect the availability of this trial for malignant gliomas because of high CR rate in primary tumor cases.
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PMID:[A trial of ACNU and radiation therapy with sensitizing agents for malignant gliomas]. 262 8

Two cases are reported in which a cerebral glioma developed after radiation therapy for a different primary tumor. The first case was a boy, who presented a right thalamic anaplastic astrocytoma 7 years after irradiation for a left temporal polymorphic cell sarcoma. The second case was a woman, with a right temporal anaplastic astrocytoma occurring 8 years after irradiation for a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. Thirty-five other cases of radiation-associated cerebral gliomas had already been reported in the literature. The possible causal role of radiation therapy in inducing cerebral gliomas is discussed on the basis of these observations.
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PMID:Radiation-associated cerebral gliomas. A report of two cases and review of the literature. 269 30

The authors tried to establish a model of primary, autochthonous avian sarcoma virus-induced rat glioma for experimental chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It was found that the intracerebral inoculation of 2 X 10(6) FFU/5 microliter of an infectious cells-free homogeneous sub-group D Schmidt-Ruppin avian sarcoma virus into 3-day-old inbred Fischer rats induced brain tumors in all rats. The mean survival time of the inoculated rats was 58.7 +/- 12 days. With regard to the classification of the induced brain tumors in Fischer rats, astrocytoma accounted for 70%. This ASV-induced tumor in rats fulfills the following criteria for a desirable animal model. Spontaneously arising. Glial origin. Intraparenchymal growth. Uniformly fatal within a reasonable time period. In the present study, the therapeutic effects of anticancer drugs, such as ACNU and vincristine were evaluated and additionally, the effect of ACNU used in conjunction with radiation was also evaluated in this model. The mean survival time of rats was prolonged significantly with ACNU (20 mg/kg) or radiation therapy (1,000 rads), respectively, and in cases where ACNU was used together with radiation, the mean survival time was prolonged further still, but not very significantly, in comparison with radiation therapy alone. In conclusion, the ASV-induced rat glioma model was considered to be closely akin to a spontaneous brain tumor in terms of morphology, blood supply and kinetics of the primary tumor. Moreover, the therapeutic sensitivity of this model to anticancer drugs was fairly similar to that of human anaplastic astrocytoma. Considering these observations, this model seems to be an excellent experimental brain tumor model which is useful for evaluating the effect of new therapies against malignant brain tumors.
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PMID:[Treatment of autochthonous rat brain tumors with chemotherapy and radiotherapy]. 303 11

Ten (23%) patients out of 43 with malignant glioma developed meningeal gliomatosis during the follow up period of at least one year. The duration between the first surgery and diagnosis of meningeal gliomatosis ranged from one to 78 weeks (median 45 weeks). In younger age group less than 20 years old, 5 (56%) out of 9 patients had meningeal gliomatosis, and on the contrary the incidence was lower in older age group above 20 years old (5 of 34, 15%). Seven (22%) out of 32 male and 3 (27%) out of 11 female patients developed meningeal gliomatosis. The primary tumor location were frontal lobe in 4 cases (including one bifrontal tumor), temporal in 2, parieto-occipital in 1, thalamus in 1, midbrain in 1, and cerebellar hemisphere in 1, respectively. Histologically, 7 tumors were anaplastic astrocytoma, and 3 were glioblastoma. The characteristic neurological findings observed during the course of meningeal gliomatosis were abnormal mental status (80%), cranial nerve palsies (50%), paraplegia (60%), stiff neck (80%), seizure (50%), and respiratory disturbance (80%), CSF cytology was positive in all 9 patients tested. CT scan demonstrated hydrocephalus (70%), and diffuse contrast enhancement of ventricular wall (60%) and basal cistern (10%). In 2 cases, block and irregular filling defect were seen by myelography. Six patients were treated by irradiation to the whole brain and/or spine, and 5, by intrathecal chemotherapy with methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and bleomycin. However, all patients died of the tumor one to 46 weeks (median 18 weeks) after the diagnosis of meningeal gliomatosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical studies of meningeal gliomatosis]. 649 23

MRI provides additional information about tumor location, extent, and margins. MRI was used in 158 patients with CNS tumors for treatment planning from 1985-89 and they were studied in a prospective manner. The most common site was cerebrum (73 pts), then extradural spinal axis (21 pts) posterior fossa (17 pts), brain stem (14 pts) and pituitary (13 pts), etc. The most common histological primary tumor was glioblastoma multiform (25 pts), then low grade astrocytoma (22 pts), anaplastic astrocytoma (14 pts), pituitary tumor (13 pts), medulloblastoma (9 pts), ependymoma (7 pts), and germ cell tumors (6 pts). Twenty-nine patients had metastasis to the brain. A majority of the patients with CNS tumors had the studies using Gadolinium-DTPA. Of the patients with CNS tumors, 120 (76%) had better information based on the MRI, which improved the treatment planning (using the three dimensional images) and field arrangement. In 89 patients (56%) the MRI was very decisive in the treatment volume and field arrangement. In 31 patients (20%) the MRI was beneficial and confirmed the treatment plan. MRI provides important additional information for radiation therapy planning.
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PMID:Use of magnetic resonance imaging in central nervous system tumors. 773 Jul 30

We present a case of probable tumor seeding along the needle tract following computer tomography-guided stereotactic biopsy of an anaplastic astrocytoma in a 23 year old male. Six months after the initial biopsy and 3 months following a second stereotactic procedure for cyst aspiration, a second lesion appeared directly along the biopsy trajectory at a distance from the primary tumor. This lesion is presumed to be recurrent tumor and appears to have been spread iatrogenically following the biopsy of the initial tumor and the subsequent cyst aspiration along the same tract.
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PMID:Iatrogenic seeding of anaplastic astrocytoma following stereotactic biopsy. 952 2

Our institutional experience with high-grade pediatric spinal cord tumors includes 11 children treated during the period of 1981-1997. All patients underwent a biopsy or an attempt at resection and received postoperative radiation therapy. Three patients had a gross-total resection of their primary tumor, 6 patients had a subtotal resection and the remaining 2 were biopsied. Histologically, these tumors were characterized as anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 6), glioblastoma multiforme (n = 3) or anaplastic oligodendroglioma (n = 2). Three patients were treated with craniospinal irradiation (38-48 Gy) in addition to a boost to the residual tumor. The median dose to the primary site for all patients was 48.6 Gy (range 38-55 Gy). The median overall survival was 13 months (range 8-149 months). Only 2 patients were alive at 138 and 149 months following radiation therapy. The median progression-free survival following radiation therapy was 10 months (range 2-80 months). There was no difference in progression-free or overall survival for those diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme when compared to patients diagnosed with anaplastic astrocytoma or anaplastic oligodendroglioma. The pattern of failure was either diffuse or local. For the patients who failed diffusely (n = 6), the median progression-free survival was 2 months compared to 23 months for those whose failure was entirely local (p < 0.01). The median overall survival was significantly shorter for those who failed diffusely compared to those who failed locally (10 vs. 37 months, p < 0.01). High-grade spinal cord tumors in children have a poor prognosis based on this report. It is important to document the extent of disease accurately prior to the initiation of radiation therapy, since a subset of these patients progress rapidly outside of the field of irradiation.
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PMID:High-grade pediatric spinal cord tumors. 1020 99

We established two glioma cell lines from two surgical specimens obtained at different times from the same patient. One (No. 9R), which was derived from the recurrent tumor (glioblastoma, grade IV), proliferated more rapidly in vitro than the other (No. 9) from the primary tumor (slightly anaplastic astrocytoma, grade II-III). No. 9R showed heterotransplantability in nude mice, whereas No. 9 did not. These findings indicate that No. 9R has a more aggressive or malignant nature than No. 9. Both cell lines showed homozygous deletion of the representative tumor suppressor p16 and p15 genes, but no p53 gene alteration. However, examination of the overall mRNA expression profile using a commercially available cDNA-spotted membrane revealed much higher expression levels of several mRNAs, at least, in No. 9R than in No. 9, although the relationship between these mRNAs and the growth potentials remained unknown. These two cell lines, derived from the same individual, with different proliferating potentials may be useful for studies on the molecular bases of glioma malignancy and progression.
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PMID:Establishment of two glioma cell lines from two surgical specimens obtained at different times from the same individual. 1035 44

To date, surgery and irradiation remain the standard therapies for anaplastic astrocytoma (AA, WHO grade III) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, WHO grade IV). Due to infiltrative tumor growth a complete surgical resection is never achieved and more than 90% of the tumors will recur within 2 cm of the primary tumor location. Postoperative radiotherapy prolongs survival but is not curative and prognosis remains poor with only a few patients being alive 2 years after diagnosis. Over the past decades multiple trials dealt with the question of whether chemotherapy (CT) may influence the outcome of malignant brain tumor patients. In general, the results have been disappointing with one exception: chemosensitivity and prolonged survival after CT have been demonstrated for tumors of oligodendrogial lineage. Drugs showing some activity in malignant brain tumors and therapeutic concepts will be discussed.
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PMID:Chemotherapy for malignant brain tumors of astrocytic and oligodendroglial lineage. 1121 19


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