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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Breast preservation has focused attention on the extent and distribution of cancer in the breast. Recent studies suggest that there is spread from the primary tumor rather than a random distribution of cancer throughout the breast. As a result the term multicentric has largely been replaced by multifocal. Evidence that there is a geographic relationship of secondary deposits to the primary lesions opens the way to wide excision as definative treatment for selected patients with both invasive and in situ breast cancer.
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PMID:Multicentricity in early breast cancer. 149 20

Concepts regarding cell-mediated immunity and breast cancer are reviewed. Patients having in situ breast cancers have been found by in vivo and in vitro measurements to have cell-mediated immunity to autologous and homologous in situ breast cancer tissue which may last for some time after diagnosis. These observations suggest that antigenically similar cancers arising subsequently in the contralateral breast should be less likely to progress beyond the in situ stage and, if they do become invasive, should exhibit prognostically favorable signs of cell-mediated immunity, e.g. sinus histiocytosis in the lymph nodes and/or lymphoid infiltrate and perivenous lymphoid infiltrate associated with the primary tumor. Cell-mediated immunity has also been shown to be negatively associated with the stage of disease at diagnosis for invasive cancers, i.e. the proportion of patients exhibiting cell-mediated immunity decreases as the stage at diagnosis increases. These observations suggest that the stages of independent breast cancers occurring in the same woman should be positively correlated. Data from the SEER Program of the National Cancer Institute were examined in this regard and a strong positive association between the stage of first and second independent primary breast cancers was found with the effect on the stage of a second breast cancer following a the first invasive breast cancer appearing to decrease with time subsequent to diagnosis. These observations are consistent with the immunogenicity of breast cancer.
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PMID:Possible immunological implications of an association between the stages of first and second independent breast cancers. 674 42

The sixth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for invasive and in situ breast cancer has significant implications for the maximization of patient care. These evidence-based standards now reflect current standards of care and practice. Guidelines for a more uniform and accurate primary tumor analysis, including grade, size, and histologic classification are now provided, as well as standards for diagnosis and handling of microinvasion, multiple ipsilateral or contralateral carcinomas, and inflammatory carcinomas. The reporting of nodal metastasis has been refined and the characterization of metastatic disease has been revised. These revised guidelines should now be used for patient categorization, data gathering, and clinical categorization. National adaptation of these changes should greatly facilitate inter- and intrainstitutional standardization and data gathering.
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PMID:A revised staging system for breast cancer. 1498 84