Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An antigen, protein X (Px), was purified from immune complexes isolated from malignant pleural effusions from patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung by EDTA treatment, PEG 8000 precipitation, protein A affinity chromatography, and Sephadex G-200 separation in the presence of 3 M NaCl. The purified antigen had a M(r) 17,000 by SDS-PAGE, and consisted of isoelectric species of pI 6.3 and 6.6. Purified Px recombined with Ig isolated from pleural fluids from patients with lung adenocarcinoma, but not with Ig from patients with breast carcinoma. Using an autologous human and heterologous chicken antibody, Px was found, by immunohistology, in the cytoplasm of some of the well-differentiated lung adenocarcinoma cells, but was not seen in normal lung or a variety of other malignant tissues. A liquid-phase competitive-inhibition RIA was developed. Over 30 ng/ml of Px were found in 9 of 15 pleural fluids from patients with lung carcinoma, none of 20 from patients with breast, ovary, stomach or colon cancer, and in 3 of 15 patients with unknown primary tumor. Our data suggest that Px may be a lung-cancer-associated autoantigen which can elicit a host humoral response in vivo.
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PMID:Characterization of a lung-cancer-associated auto-antigen. 139 30

From 1976 to 1989, 166 patients were operated on for primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. For better comparison, all the tumors were categorized retrospectively according to the TNM system of the UICC 4th edition of 1987. One hundred and thirty-eight patients could be potentially curatively operated. The average survival time following incomplete resection was 5 months and after potentially curative resection it was 65 months for stage I, 22 months for stage II and 6.5 months for stage IIIa. The 5-year survival rate was 53.7% for stage I, 18.5% for II and 0% for IIIa. The differences between the tumor stages are statistically significant. At the time of writing a large number of the patients have already died due to either recurrence of the tumor or, as in most cases, secondary metastases distant from the primary growth CI: 32%, II: 66%, IIIa: 79%). Comparison of the results of potentially curative operations in patients with adenocarcinoma and those with squamous cell carcinoma show a better prognosis in the equivalent stages for cases of squamous cell carcinoma. In seven cases there was the situation of ipsilateral pulmonary metastasis which could be subjected to potentially curative resection together with the primary tumor (5 bronchioloalveolar, 2 other adenocarcinomas). The prognosis of these patients was just as good, following resection, as for cases of T2N0 tumors without such metastases.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the lung: a contribution on prognosis after potentially curative resection. 178 43

Anti-carcinoembryonic antigen radioimmunoscintigraphy (anti-CEA RIS) in colorectal adenocarcinoma has been reported to allow a better estimation of the local tumor extension than other radiologic methods. This study evaluated the clinical feasibility of a 99mTc-labeled anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (BW 431/26, Behring Institute, FRG) in 11 patients for staging of primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. The primary tumor size ranged from 3 to 8 cm with a mean of 4 cm. Mediastinal and hilar nodes were present in four patients, intrapulmonary metastases were present in two patients, and pleural and liver metastases were present in one patient each. The CEA levels were in the range of 2 to 265 ng/ml and elevated (greater than 5 ng/ml) in six patients. Planar scintigraphy was performed at 6 h and 24 h post injection (pi). Analog and digitized images were interpreted by two observers. One patient was imaged twice and experienced serum sickness due to human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA) after the second study, which showed marked unspecific tracer uptake in liver, spleen, and bone marrow, but no specific uptake by the tumor and was excluded from further analysis. Visual interpretation identified the primary tumor clearly in seven patients. No tumor imaging was observed in two patients. Two patients were classified as having questionable imaging due to a poor separation of tumor uptake from mediastinal blood pool. The primary tumor could be clearly delineated in both patients after comparison with the chest radiograph. Thus, the overall sensitivity for imaging of the primary tumor was 82 percent. The average target/background ratio was 1.31 +/- 0.17:1 at 6 h pi, and 1.30 +/- 0.16:1 at 24 h pi. Hilar and mediastinal nodes were correctly suspected in three patients, but the cardiac blood pool hampered a clear interpretation. Intrapulmonary and pleural metastases were diagnosed in all cases. The single liver metastasis was missed because of the high unspecific tracer uptake. Planar anti-CEA RIS with 99mTc BW 431/26 was superior to computed tomography (CT) in one case with subtotal tumor resection. We summarize that at present, planar anti-CEA RIS with 99mTc BW 431/26 cannot be advised as a routine staging procedure in adenocarcinoma of the lung, but it may be helpful in the detection of residual or recurrent tumor tissue.
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PMID:99mTc-anti-CEA radioimmunoscintigraphy of lung adenocarcinoma. 198 45

To investigate tumor cell heterogeneity and subpopulations with metastatic ability in differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung, the primary and metastatic lesions in 20 cases of differentiated adenocarcinoma were examined by histologic and cytofluorometric DNA analyses. The primary tumor was divided histologically into three compartments: tumor area of type 1, papillary adenocarcinoma with thin stroma; tumor area of type 2, papillary adenocarcinoma with thickened fibrovascular stroma: tumor area of type 3; solid carcinoma with scant gland formation. The nuclear DNA content (NDC) was higher in type 2 than in type 1 tumor in terms of mean NDC and DNA histogram pattern (p less than 0.01). Metastatic tumors in distant organs often resembled the type 2 of primary tumors histologically and also in their DNA histogram patterns, and their mean NDC values were significantly correlated with each other (p less than 0.01). Metastatic tumors in regional lymph nodes had a significantly lower mean NDC than those in distant organs (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that (1) type 2 tumors originate from type 1 tumors by malignant progression and metastasize hematogenously, and (2) hematogenous metastases are composed of tumor subclones different from those of lymphatic metastases.
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PMID:Tumor cell heterogeneity and subpopulations with metastatic ability in differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung. Histologic and cytofluorometric DNA analyses. 200 98

Metastatic tumors in the brain, liver, and regional lymph nodes (20 cases each) from patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung were examined by cytofluorometric analysis, and compared with the respective primary lung tumors. The nuclear DNA content of tumor cells was significantly increased in metastatic tumors in the brain and liver compared with the primary (P less than 0.01). However, the DNA content of metastatic tumors in regional lymph nodes was almost identical to that of the primary tumor in many instances. From the viewpoint of the nuclear DNA content of lung adenocarcinoma, blood-borne tumor cells in the brain and liver were considered likely to constitute a discrete tumor cell subpopulation, i.e., probably a more malignant one, different from the major subpopulation in the primary tumor, whereas lymphatic metastases in regional lymph nodes were similar to the primary. The subpopulation with an increased DNA content in hematogenous metastases were thought to have originated from a minor subpopulation in the primary tumor or to have developed at the metastatic site.
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PMID:Cytofluorometric analysis of metastases from lung adenocarcinoma with special reference to the difference between hematogenous and lymphatic metastases. 202 61

The potential value of a new system of fine catheter aspiration (FCA) cytology of the peritoneal cavity in the diagnosis of peritoneal malignancy is illustrated by a case report. Gelman filter preparations of an FCA sample of an abdominal mass from a patient with a history of adenocarcinoma of the lung showed unequivocal malignant cells, obviating the need for further diagnostic procedures. Trial immunostaining of Cytospin preparations of part of the FCA sample showed appropriate results, suggesting that such samples may be suitable for immunoperoxidase studies to identify tumor types or to predict the source of the primary tumor in difficult cases.
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PMID:Fine catheter aspiration cytology of the peritoneal cavity in the diagnosis of a metastatic tumor. Report of a case with immunocytochemical studies. 218 72

Five cases of primary mucinous adenocarcinomas of the lung with signet-ring cells were studied with regard to clinical, pathologic, and prognostic implications and compared with the signet-ring cell adenocarcinomas of extrapulmonary sites. The patients ranged in age from 55 to 74 years, with a mean age of 67.8 years. There were three men and two women. Histologically, three cases were usual adenocarcinomas and two were bronchioloalveolar carcinomas. The percentage of signet-ring cells ranged from 10% to 50%, with a mean of 22% and a median of 20%. Therapy included lobectomy, radiation, and chemotherapy. Three of five patients died of their disease within 9 months and two patients showed no evidence of disease 5 months after presentation. Routine histology showed no significant differences between the signet-ring cells of any of the tumors; however, by special histochemistry, tumors originating from lung, stomach, and colon showed a more intense reaction with alcian blue stain than tumors from nose, breast, or bladder. Contrary to a previous report, we found no increase in sulfated acid mucins in these five cases of lung tumor. We also were unable to demonstrate a qualitative or quantitative difference between mucopolysaccharides produced by lung, stomach, or colon tumors. Although rare, mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung with signet-ring cells can exist as a primary tumor.
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PMID:Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung with signet-ring cells: a histochemical comparison with signet-ring cell carcinomas of other sites. 215 74

A unique case of adenocarcinoma of the lung that showed aerogenous extension is presented. Although the primary focus was the usual invasive bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, the tumor cells were dissociated, floating and filling the alveolar spaces, the bronchioli, and the small bronchi at the periphery of the primary tumor and in every involved area in other lobes of the lung. Massive tumor cells were expectorated in coincidence with the appearance of abnormal densities on chest X-ray films. Ultrastructurally the dissociated tumor cells had numerous microvilli on the cell surface and rarely showed intercellular junctions. The tumor cells also contained well-developed rough and smooth endoplasmic membranes, crista-vesicular-type mitochondria, electron-dense granules, and granules with myelinlike figures. No mucous granules and no Clara-cell-type secretory granules nor lamellar bodies of the type seen in normal granular pneumocytes were seen. From these findings, it was concluded that the tumor cells in this case were rather poorly differentiated but somewhat resembled the hyperplastic cuboidal alveolar cells seen in the damaged lung and that they proliferated freely in airways, presenting aerogenous metastases. The biologic behavior of this tumor might be partly explained by the incohesive nature of the tumor cells.
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PMID:Cell incohesiveness and pattern of extension in a rare case of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. 626 67

The Johns Hopkins Lung Project developed an archive of sputum specimens during a randomized trial of lung cancer screening (1974-1982). We identified 15 patients from that trial who later developed adenocarcinoma of the lung. The primary lung carcinomas from 10 of these 15 patients contained either a ras or a p53 gene mutation. Using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay, stored sputum samples obtained prior to clinical diagnosis were examined for the presence of these same oncogene mutations. In 8 of 10 patients, the identical mutation identified in the primary tumor was also detected in at least one sputum sample. The earliest detection of a clonal population of cancer cells in sputum was in a sample obtained more than 1 year prior to clinical diagnosis. These results provide the basis of a novel approach for detection of lung cancer based on the evolving molecular genetics of this disease.
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PMID:Detection of oncogene mutations in sputum precedes diagnosis of lung cancer. 813 72

When solitary pulmonary tumors are observed in patients with a history of cancer, differentiation between metastasis and primary lung cancer is crucial for appropriate therapy. Assuming that p53 mutations are conserved in metastases, mutation analysis of the p53 gene would be a valuable tool in differentiating metastases from primary carcinomas of the lung. In nine of 267 resected lung tumors, the origin of the lung tumor could not be defined histologically. Five patients had a history of colorectal carcinoma, one had a history of breast carcinoma, one had a history of soft-tissue carcinoma, and one had a history of head and neck carcinoma. One patient with a clear cell carcinoma of the lung had been surgically treated for both renal and thyroid cancer. Material from one patient with adenocarcinoma of the lung, histologically defined regional lymph nodes, and distant brain metastasis served as a control. We extracted deoxyribonucleic acid from the snap-frozen tissue of the unclassified lung tumors, from paraffin-embedded tissue of the previously removed primary cancers, and also from peripheral blood of the patients. Exons 2 to 11 of the p53 gene were amplified in separated polymerase chain reactions and directly sequenced. In all cases, the presence of germline mutations was excluded by analysis of peripheral blood deoxyribonucleic acid. The p53 mutation detected in the deoxyribonucleic acid of the lung tumor of the control patient proved to be conserved in the lymph nodes as well as in the brain metastasis. In two cases, the lung tumors exhibited a p53 mutation not present in the previously removed primary tumor and were therefore classified as new primary lung cancers. In five cases, the lung tumors proved to be metastases of the first tumor, exhibiting the identical p53 mutation. One of these lung tumor samples could be identified as a metastasis from the renal cancer, but the corresponding thyroid cancer material was different. For two cases, molecular analysis remained inconclusive. In one case, no p53 mutation could be found in the compared samples; in the other, no deoxyribonucleic acid could be extracted. Analysis of p53 mutations allowed exact classification in tumors for which standard methods failed to distinguish between metastasis or primary tumor. More than two thirds of lung tumors in patients with previous gastrointestinal carcinoma were revealed to be metastases, but second primary lung cancer could also be diagnosed. This diagnosis allowed correct surgical and adjuvant treatment of these patients.
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PMID:Molecular genetic differentiation between primary lung cancers and lung metastases of other tumors. 861 43


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