Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lymphocytic and plasmocytic infiltration surrounding a malignant tumor probably represents an immunologic response of the host directed against the neoplasm. It has been documented that lymphocytic infiltration has a favorable effect on prognosis in a number of human tumor systems, including cutaneous melanoma. In the present study, 309 consecutive cases of choroidal melanoma were examined for cellular infiltration, and these data were correlated with other histologic parameters and with prognosis. A intense cellular infiltration was found in 15 tumors (4.9%) and a moderate infiltration in 37 (12.0%). Tumors with cellular infiltration were significantly larger and more vascularized than the remaining tumors, which may be related to the accessibility of the immune system to the tumor. There was a higher percentage of poorly differentiated tumors among the tumors with cellular infiltration. However, it does not appear the cellular infiltration favorably influences the prognosis of choroidal melanoma. The 5-year survival rates of patients with like cell types did not depend upon the degree of cellular infiltration demonstrated by the primary tumor. Although choroidal melanomas are capable of inciting an immune response, this response is apparently ineffective in preventing metastatic spread.
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PMID:The prognostic significance of lymphocytic infiltration in malignant melanoma of the choroid. 92 80

Clinical findings and histology of secondary lid tumors are described by example of three cases. The rare lid metastases appear mainly in three different patterns. Except cytology, which depends on the primary tumor, their morphology is quite uniform. Lid metastases of a cutaneous melanoma, a contralateral uveal melanoma and, probably reported for the second time, a leiomyosarcoma are presented.
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PMID:[Metastatic eyelid tumors--description of clinical aspects and histology based on three cases]. 161 94

The development of delayed metastases, although rare, is well documented in patients with invasive cutaneous melanoma. Only 24 cases, including ours, are clearly documented in the literature. We describe a 56-year-old woman who had an acral lentiginous melanoma of the right hand (thickness 1.2 mm). Thirteen years after excision and postoperative irradiation, a subcutaneous metastasis developed in the right arm. One year later the patient died with disseminated bone metastases. This case, as with most of those with delayed metastases, has typical features: female sex; location at a site other than the back, arm, neck, or scalp; and primary tumor thickness between 1.2 and 2.5 mm.
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PMID:Late metastases of cutaneous melanoma: case report and literature review. 199 43

A review of 35 consecutive cases of tumors metastatic to the orbit revealed that the primary tumor site was breast in 18 cases (51%), prostate in 6 cases (17%), lung in 2 cases (6%), gastrointestinal tract in 2 cases (6%), kidney in 1 case (3%), cutaneous melanoma in 1 case (3%), contralateral choroidal melanoma in 1 case (3%), and unknown in 4 cases (11%). The most common presenting signs and symptoms included diplopia with noncomitant strabismus, proptosis, and a palpable mass. In nine cases (26%), the orbital metastasis was detected in patients with no prior history of cancer. The average patient survival after the diagnosis of orbital metastasis was 13 months. Orbital metastasis from lung carcinoma carried the worst prognosis, with an average survival time of only 4 months. A summary of the clinical features of these 35 cases and a review of the literature on orbital metastatic disease will be presented.
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PMID:Tumors metastatic to the orbit. 315 25

In 93 patients dying from metastatic melanoma the primary tumor was unknown in 13 (14%) after autopsy. There were no significant differences compared to cutaneous melanoma with respect to sex, age, organ distribution of metastases or final tumor load. An unknown primary was, however, significantly more common in cases presenting with general metastases compared to regional spread. The causes of death were similar to cutaneous cases. Our data suggest that melanoma of unknown origin has the same predilection and biology as metastatic cutaneous melanoma, supporting the view that regression of a cutaneous primary may be involved.
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PMID:Metastatic melanoma of unknown origin at autopsy. 318 40

Surgeons hesitate to accept lesser cancer operations for several reasons. Paramount, however, is the fear that they might jeopardize cure rates by inadvertently leaving residual tumor behind. In cutaneous melanoma, for example, wide excision of the primary tumor site, usually in combination with skin grafting, has been the standard for years. Recently, as the biologic characteristics of this neoplastic system have become better understood, a subset of patients has been identified who can be cured readily by surgical excision alone. It is in this low-risk group of patients that lesser margins of excisions have been advocated. To date, a majority of surgeons have not accepted this thesis. In an effort to study this further, one of us prospectively treated 45 patients with thin, low-risk melanomas by conservative excision of their primary tumor sites. The margins invariably were 2 cm or less, and two thirds of the patients were operated on as out-patients utilizing local anesthesia. After a mean follow-up period of 36 months, no recurrences of melanoma developed. Acceptance of this treatment appears appropriate in this subset of patients.
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PMID:Narrowing resection margins for patients with low-risk melanoma. 334 49

The authors studied the prognosis of patients with so called local recurrences, satellites and in-transit metastases from cutaneous melanoma on the basis of 291 patients. These are the 19.3% of the 1503 patients with stage I and II melanoma originally submitted to surgical treatment at the National Cancer Institute of Milano (Italy). The majority of patients were males (M/F = 0.7): 102 had local recurrence, 99 in-transit metastases, 24 satellites and 66 both local and in-transit metastases. Regional non-nodal metastases were not related with the site of origin, and inadequate treatment of primary. These metastases were more frequently observed in patients who were submitted to regional node dissection no matter whether in discontinuity or in continuity with primary tumor. The frequency of regional non-nodal metastases was found to increase with increasing thickness of primary melanoma or, in stage II patients, with the number of involved nodes. Local and in-transit metastases were related with prognostic criteria in the same way. The overall survival was very close between in-transit and local metastases. Similar survival rates were observed comparing regional non-nodes and disseminated cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases. The authors conclude that the distinction between local recurrences, satellites and in-transit metastases is artificial and that these metastatic events are not prognostically dissimilar from metastases in distant skin areas.
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PMID:Regional non-nodal metastases of cutaneous melanoma. 370 23

A retrospective analysis of clinico-morphological data of 222 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma of the trunk was made. General results of 5-year survival of the patients after a radical surgical treatment was 56.3 +/- 3.3%. Five clinico-morphological risk factors of the regional metastazing of the primary cutaneous melanoma of the trunk were established. Prophylactic regional lymphadenectomy along with a wide dissection of the primary tumor is recommended by the authors for patients with primary melanomas of the trunk skin having 3 and more risk factors of regional metastazing.
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PMID:[Indications for preventive regional lymphadenectomy in primary melanoma of the skin of the trunk]. 382 82

To develop guidelines for the follow-up of patients with primary cutaneous melanoma (clinical Stage I), we studied 295 patients who had presented with a primary melanoma and who subsequently developed evidence of metastatic disease in the course of follow-up. Cox multivariate analysis was used to assess the influence of five variables in predicting the interval of time from the diagnosis of melanoma to the first clinical or laboratory evidence of metastatic disease (disease-free interval). The variables studied were tumor thickness, patient sex, patient age, elective lymph node dissection, and primary tumor location. Tumor thickness was found to be the major predictor of disease-free interval, which shortened progressively with increasing tumor thickness. Men had a shorter mean disease-free interval than women, although this effect did not reach statistical significance at the 0.05 level. Patient age, tumor location, and elective lymph node dissection were found not to be predictors of disease-free interval. The risk of recurrence of melanoma was tabulated, by year, for four intervals of tumor thickness. The increase in risk of recurrence associated with increases in tumor thickness above 1.5 mm was shown to occur predominantly in the early years following diagnosis-particularly in the first year. On the basis of our findings, we have suggested regimens of follow-up for melanoma.
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PMID:Frequency and duration of patient follow-up after treatment of a primary malignant melanoma. 407 70

Under study was the influence of the volume of a dissected primary tumor, the method of plasty of the wound defect and anesthesia upon the incidence of local recidivations of cutaneous melanoma in 1334 patients. Free skin plasty was shown to be necessary in cases of the surgical treatment of cutaneous melanoma excepting localization of the primary tumor on the trunk. Parsimonious excision of the primary tumor and local infiltration anesthesia during operation are thought to be the factors responsible for the development of local recidivation of skin melanomas.
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PMID:[Relation between the extent of resection of cutaneous melanomas and the incidence of local recurrence]. 638 60


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