Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 70-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for diagnosis and treatment of a pulmonary mass detected on a chest X-ray film. Small cell lung cancer was diagnosed from pathological examination of a specimen of the tumor obtained by transbronchial biopsy. Paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of an elevated serum ACTH level (2000 pg/ml), the serum cortisol level (171.9 micrograms/dl), elevated excretion of urinary 17-OHCS (67 mg/day), persistent hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyperglycemia, central obesity, hypertension, systemic pigmentation, and the lack of a history of diabetes mellitus. Immunohistochemical staining with a polyclonal anti-ACTH antibody of a biopsy specimen from a lymph node with metastasis showed that tumor cells were weakly positive. The patient responded well to intensive chemotherapy with VP-16 (100 mg/m2 day 103), CBDCA (100 mg/m2 day 1-3), and CDDP (80 mg/m2 day 1). Complete response was obtained after 6 courses of chemotherapy. The serum ACTH level decreased rapidly as the tumor shrank. The primary tumor, however, relapsed after 3 months and the patient died of progressive disease, 11 months after diagnosis.
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PMID:[Small cell lung cancer associated with ectopic ACTH syndrome]. 862 81

The objective of this study was to assess the pattern of autopsy findings in 174 small cell lung cancer patients treated between 1971 and 1991 at seven Polish medical centres. Eighty nine autopsied patients were previously treated with different chemotherapy regimens including 32 patients who also received chest irradiation, 74 received only supportive care and for 11 patients the data on treatment were not available. The age range at diagnosis was 28-81 years (median 57); there were 39 females (22%) and 135 males (78%). Seventy two patients had limited disease at the time of diagnosis, 86-extensive disease and in 16 the disease extent was not determined. The primary tumor and/or metastases in regional lymph nodes were present in 157 autopsies (90%). There was a significant difference in the rate of locoregional disease found at autopsy in patients given chemotherapy and in those who received only supportive care (85% and 100%, respectively; p = 0.01). Chest radiation therapy given in limited disease as an adjunct to chemotherapy did not decrease the rate of persistent locoregional disease (primary tumor in the chest was found in 92% of irradiated and in 96% of nonirradiated patients). Locoregional tumor deposit only was found in 28 (16%). Distant metastases were distributed in 143 patients (82%) and were found in 25 different locations, most frequently in liver (49%), suprarenal glands (25%), peripheral lymph nodes (21%), kidneys (18%), brain (17%) and pancreas (12%). In 3 patients no tumor foci were found. The number of organs involved varied between 0 and 10 (median 3). The number of involved organs was not dependent on the disease extent at the time of diagnosis and on the type of treatment.
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PMID:Autopsy findings in small cell lung cancer. 884 76

The term paraneoplastic syndrome refers to the ability of some tumors to produce signs and symptoms at a distance from the site of the primary tumor or its metastases. Paraneoplastic syndromes may develop before the diagnosis of carcinoma is made. Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) include endocrinologic abnormalities secondary to peptide hormone production, and neurologic sequelae due to autoantibody production. This article reviews the common paraneoplastic syndromes that may occur in patients with SCLC.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with small cell lung cancer. 900 56

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a rare syndrome mostly associated with small cell lung cancer. We present the case of a 69-year-old man with selective amnesia suggesting limbic encephalitis. A neuroendocrine cell lung cancer was found, confirming the diagnosis of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. Contrast-enhanced cerebral CT was normal whether magnetic resonance imaging showed signal abnormalities of the medial part of temporal lobes and hippocampal regions. Because neurologic improvement may follow treatment of the primary tumor, early diagnosis is important.
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PMID:[Imaging of limbic paraneoplastic encephalitis]. 909 26

This synthesis of the literature on radiotherapy for lung cancer is based on 80 scientific articles, including 2 meta-analyses, 29 randomized studies, 19 prospective studies, and 21 retrospective studies. These studies involve 28172 patients. Basic treatment for limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC), is chemotherapy. Addition of radiotherapy to the primary tumor and mediastinum reduces local recurrence, prolongs long-term survival, and is often indicated. Current, and future, studies can be expected to show successive improvements in results for SCLC by optimizing the combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Should these treatments be given simultaneously or sequentially, and in which order? Which fractionation is best? Probably, no change in resource requirements for radiotherapy will be necessary, with the possible exception of changes in fractionation. Surgery constitutes primary treatment for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stages I and II. Radiotherapy may provide an alternative for patients who are inoperable for medical reasons. The value of radiotherapy following radical surgery for NSCLC remains to be shown. It is not indicated based on current knowledge. For NSCLC stage III, radiotherapy shrinks tumors and prolongs survival at 2 and 3 years. Whether it influences long-term survival after 5 years has not been shown. Considering the side effects of treatment, one must question whether limited improvements in survival motivate routine radiotherapy in these patients. Earlier attempts to add chemotherapy to radiotherapy to improve treatment results of NSCLC have not yielded convincing results. Several studies are currently on-going. Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) greatly reduces the risk for brain metastases from SCLC. However, it has little influence on survival. Many treatment centers give PCI to SCLC patients who have achieved complete remission. This practice may be questioned since PCI is associated with serious complications. PCI is not indicated in patients with NSCLC. In SCLC, where the disease is extensive, only palliative radiotherapy is appropriate. Radiotherapy is an important treatment alternative in special palliative situations involving severe cough, severe bleeding, pain, pulmonary obstructions, and vena cava superior syndrome. In these situations, good results may be achieved with few fractions.
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PMID:Lung cancer. 915 94

Operative management of small cell lung cancer generally yields little benefit because these tumors are known for their propensity to disseminate early to regional lymph nodes and distant sites. Primary surgery followed by chemotherapy is however indicated in very early stage tumors where survival approximates that of resected non small cell lung tumors. Surgery as an adjuvant to combination chemotherapy is also advocated by some authors to downstage the tumor and render it resectable. Candidates for salvage procedures include patients who have achieved complete response with chemotherapy, but subsequently relapsed within the chest at the site of the primary tumor.
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PMID:Surgery for small cell lung cancer. 921 5

We compared the detectability of 99mTc-MIBI and 201T1-chloride for primary lung cancer and mediastinal lymph node metastasis. We also analyzed the relationship between 99mTc-MIBI uptake and effectiveness of chemotherapy in patients with small cell lung cancer. The subjects were fourty-six primary lesions and 8 mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes confirmed by operation, and dual-isotope SPECT technique was performed at both 20 min and 180 min after tracer injection. A tumor to normal lung ratio on both early (ER) and delayed image (DR) and retention index (RI) were calculated. The positive rates of 99mTc-MIBI (early; 82.6%, delayed; 54.3%) were comparable to 201T1 in most primary tumor (87.0% and 84.8%). Whereas tumor smaller than 3 cm diameter was poorly visualized on both 99mTc-MIBI (25% and 0%) and 201T1 (37.5% and 37.5%). Detectabilities of metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes of 99mTc-MIBI (62.5% and 25.0%) was comparable to those of 201T1 (62.5% and 50.0%). Regarding effectiveness of chemotherapy, NC group showed lower uptake of 99mTc-MIBI and significant lower value of RI compared to PR group. We concluded that early image of 99mTc-MIBI SPECT can be helpful in detecting primary lung cancer and metastatic mediastinal lymph node. Additionary, it might be useful for predicting the effects of chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:[Evaluation of primary lung cancer and mediastinal lymph node metastasis using 99mTc-MIBI: comparison with 201T1 and relation to chemotherapeutic effect]. 929 8

Chromosome 3p abnormalities and allele loss are frequent in lung and breast cancers, and several lung cancer cell lines exhibit homozygous deletions of 3p indicating potential sites of tumor suppressor genes at regions 3p21.3, 3p14.2 and 3p12. We have identified and characterized a new 3p21.3 homozygous deletion in a breast cancer cell line and the primary tumor that overlaps those previously described in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). This homozygous deletion is approximately 220 kb in length and represents a somatically acquired change in the primary breast cancer. Cloning and sequencing of the breakpoint demonstrated that this resulted from an interstitial deletion and precisely pinpoints this deletion within the three SCLC homozygous deletions previously reported. This deletion significantly narrows the minimum common deleted region to 120 kb and is distinct from the previously reported region that suppresses tumor formation of the murine A9 fibrosarcoma cells. These findings suggest that a common homozygous deletion region on 3p21.3 is important in both lung and breast cancers. It is likely that this very well characterized region either contains one tumor suppressor gene common to both tumor types or two closely linked tumor suppressor genes specific for each tumor.
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PMID:Cloning of a breast cancer homozygous deletion junction narrows the region of search for a 3p21.3 tumor suppressor gene. 967 94

A putative tumor suppressor, PTEN/MMAC1 gene at 10q23 was recently identified and found to be mutated in many different human tumors. To determine the role of the PTEN/MMAC1 gene in lung cancer, we screened 34 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines, 10 SCLC tumors, 13 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and 10 NSCLC tumors using Denaturing HPLC (DHPLC) and direct sequencing methods. In SCLC, six (18%) of the cell lines and one of the primary tumor samples (10%) showed alterations of the PTEN/MMAC1 gene including point mutations, small fragment deletions, and homozygous deletions. All of the point mutations and small fragment deletions were observed in hemizygously deleted cell lines. In contrast to SCLC, none of the NSCLC tumors or cell lines had mutations in the PTEN/MMAC1 gene. These data indicate that PTEN/MMAC1 mutations contribute to the pathogenesis and neoplastic evolution in SCLC but not in NSCLC.
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PMID:PTEN/MMAC1 mutations identified in small cell, but not in non-small cell lung cancers. 969 41

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly invasive and metastatic tumor, and the decreased expression of alpha3beta1 integrin may contribute to its virulence. Alpha3beta1 is a critical integrin for pulmonary development and epithelial integrity, and its reduced expression has been linked to the increased malignancy and invasion of other cancers. The amplification of the c-myc oncogene is seen frequently in relapsed SCLC tumors and is associated with a worsened prognosis. In the present study using a model of SCLC tumor progression, overexpression of c-myc in a classic SCLC cell line, NCI H209, enhanced in vitro features of tumorigenesis, altered the relationships between cell and environment, and markedly down-regulated the expression of the alpha3 integrin subunit at both the transcript and protein levels. This inverse relationship between the expression of the alpha3 integrin subunit and c-myc is mimicked by other c-myc-overexpressing SCLC cell lines. Restoring alpha3 expression in the myc-transfected 209 cells reversed the effects of c-myc: alpha3 transfection increased cell:cell adhesion and reduced soft agar cloning without affecting the in vitro doubling time. The diminished soft agar cloning produced by alpha3 transfection was reversed by an antibody that specifically engages alpha3beta1 integrins, P1B5. These results suggest first, that alpha3beta1 integrin mediates homotypic adhesion of SCLC cells, and second, that unengaged alpha3beta1 integrin suppresses the growth of disaggregated SCLC cells. Thus, the down-regulation of the alpha3 integrin subunit may contribute to the enhanced tumorigenicity of c-myc-overexpressing SCLCs by allowing the growth of tumor cells that have reduced contact with ligand-expressing substratum or cells, a condition that occurs during the growth of the primary tumor, tumor invasion, and metastasis.
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PMID:Association of the decreased expression of alpha3beta1 integrin with the altered cell: environmental interactions and enhanced soft agar cloning ability of c-myc-overexpressing small cell lung cancer cells. 985 91


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