Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two patients who had cervical lymph node metastases as the first symptom of a localized soft tissue extramedullary plasmacytoma of the epiglottis and nasopharynx, respectively, are described. Classical multiple myeloma was excluded by bone marrow biopsies and x-ray studies of the skeleton. In both patients, the primary tumor was diagnosed 2 years after excision of the cervical lymph node. One patient had a IgD, lambda myeloma protein in the serum and excreted lambda Bence-Jones protein into the urine. No M-component was found in the other patient. Both are living with a long survival of 8 and 4 years respectively. The presence of a cervical lymph node plasmacytoma should suggest an upper respiratory tract or oropharynx plasmacytoma rather than a primary lymph node plasmacytoma.
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PMID:Cervical lymph node metastasis as the first manifestation of localized extramedullary plasmacytoma. 99 Oct 83

In vivo administrations of anti-Lyt-2.2 (CD8) mAb and anti-L3T4 (CD4) mAb selectively eliminated CD8+ cells and CD4+ cells, respectively. The relative potencies of CD8+ cells and CD4+ cells and their roles in primary tumor rejections were studied by investigating the effects of these mAbs on tumor growth. CD8+ cells were themselves fully capable of mediating rejection in 5 different tumor rejection systems: two radiation leukemia virus (RadLV)-induced leukemias, B6RV2 and BALBRVD, a radiation-induced leukemia BALBRL male 1, and a plasmacytoma BALBMOPC-70A in CB6F1 mice, and a Friend virus-induced leukemia B6FBL-3 in B6 mice. On the other hand, CD4+ cells were capable of resisting tumor growth of B6FBL-3, but not of the other four tumors. Furthermore, for efficient rejection of CB6F1UV female 1 sarcoma by CB6F1 mice, synergy of CD8+ and CD4+ cells was necessary. Blocking of UV female 1 rejection was abrogated by delayed administration of anti-L3T4 (CD4) mAb but not anti-Lyt-2.2 (CD8) mAb, indicating the involvement of CD4+ cells in only the initial phase of rejection.
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PMID:The roles of CD8+ and CD4+ cells in tumor rejection. 257 3

The relationship between the local outgrowth of different subcutaneous transplantable tumors (plasmacytoma MOPC-315, mastocytoma P-815; Lewis lung carcinoma-3LL; fibrosarcoma; lymphomas and mammary adenocarcinoma) and tumor cell spread in different organs was evaluated. The presence of tumor cells in thymus, spleen, lung, and liver was demonstrated by using both in vivo and in vitro methods. Sequestration of tumor cells derived from the transplanted solid tumor was indicated within 3 to 7 days after tumor graft, shortly before or after early palpable outgrowth of the primary tumor was observed. Tumor cells present in thymus and spleen might affect immune responses of tumor-bearing mice.
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PMID:Malignant cell arrest in thymus and spleen of mice bearing transplanted tumors. 678 58

The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) on metastasis formation of C3H/He mice which has been rendered tolerant to tumor-associated transplantation antigen (TATA) of syngeneic X5563 plasmacytoma. C3H/He mice inoculated intravenously (iv) with 10(6) 7000 R X-irradiated X5563 tumor cells 3 times at 4-day intervals. These pretreated mice could not develop immune resistance against X5563 tumor even after the appropriate immunization procedure. In these TATA-tolerant mice, enhanced metastasis associated with the development of visually apparent metastatic nodules in the spleens was observed after intradermal (id) implantation with viable tumor cells, even if the tumor was resected surgically 7 days thereafter. Administration of P. acnes to these TATA-tolerant mice appreciably reduced the metastasis formation. Although the growth of the id primary tumor was not affected by injection with P. acnes, the combined treatment of surgical resection of the primary tumor and P. acnes administration resulted in complete protection against metastasis in TATA-tolerant mice. These results unequivocally demonstrated that the administration of P. acnes is effective for preventing the outbreak of metastasized tumors, which are readily inducible in the TATA-tolerant state.
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PMID:Preventive effect of Propionibacterium acnes on metastasis in mice rendered tolerant to tumor-associated transplantation antigens. 724 45

A 56-yr-old woman was evaluated for removal of a tumor at the base of the skull. A test to determine the risk of carotid artery sacrifice was performed prior to surgery using carotid balloon occlusion of the left internal carotid artery and 99mTc-HMPAO perfusion scintigraphy during the occlusion. An unusual intense focus of increased uptake was seen at the site of the primary tumor in the left cavernous sinus. The tumor, found to be plasmacytoma at surgery, demonstrated only mild washout from 30 min to 2 hr after administration of 99mTc-HMPAO, with a tumor-to-cerebellum ratio of 1.6 and 1.5, respectively, and a tumor-to-contralateral cranial ratio of 2.5 and 2.4, respectively. Intracranial plasmacytoma shows good response to radiation therapy, and the differentiation of this tumor from other neoplasms is pertinent to the mode of treatment and surgical approach. Technetium-99m-HMPAO SPECT imaging may be a useful tool in distinguishing these tumors from other neoplasms at the base of the skull.
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PMID:Avid uptake of technetium-99m-HMPAO by an intracranial plasmacytoma during carotid balloon test occlusion. 773 51

The product of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene (pRB), a nuclear phosphoprotein that regulates transcription factors such as E2F, is involved in cell cycle control and differentiation. Its activity is regulated by phosphorylation; the underphosphorylated form inhibits transcription whereas the highly phosphorylated form is inactive. Cyclin D1 and its associated kinase (CDK 4/6) phosphorylate pRB in vitro, and therefore are thought to contribute to the regulation of pRB function. To examine the effect of cyclin D1 overexpression on pRB in primary tumor tissue, we studied pRB expression in low-grade B-cell neoplasms, with particular regard to mantle cell lymphoma, which is characterized by cyclin D1 (bcl-1) overexpression. pRB expression was studied by immunostaining with a well-characterized anti-pRB antibody; the phosphorylation status of pRB was examined by immunoblots; and the functional binding capacity of pRB was examined by in vitro binding to adenovirus E1A protein. We studied 3 reactive lymph nodes, 28 low grade B-cell lymphomas, 4 cases of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and 3 plasmacytomas. Reactive lymph nodes showed intense pRB staining of germinal centers, with strongest (2+) staining in the large cells (centroblasts) of the proliferating (dark) zone and weak or no staining of small lymphocytes, including those of the mantle zone. In B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) (4 cases), follicular lymphoma (3 cases) and mucosa-associated (MALT) lymphoma (3 cases) strong (2+) pRB staining was limited to centroblasts in reactive and neoplastic follicles and occasional proliferation centers, with only faint staining of small lymphoid cells. In contrast, 15 of 16 cases of mantle cell lymphoma showed strong (1-2+) staining of most cells; one blastoid mantle cell lymphoma showed only faint pRB staining. All cases of (HCL) and plasmacytoma showed strong pRB staining. Although most lymphomas with strong pRB expression were cyclin D1(+), three cyclin D1(+) cases showed only weak pRB expression (1 B-CLL, 1 blastoid mantle cell, 1 unclassifiable low grade B-cell lymphoma). Conversely, of the 4 pRB(+) HCLs and 3 pRB(+) plasmacytomas, only 1 of each was cyclin D1(+). pRB appeared to exist primarily in the underphosphorylated (fastest migrating) form on Western blot, despite the fact that cyclin D1 was complexed to CDK4, a form in which it normally phosphorylates pRB. In addition, pRB appeared to be unmutated, because it bound normally to the adenovirus E1A protein and showed nuclear localization by immunostaining. We conclude that most cases of mantle cell lymphoma, HCL, and plasmacytoma show high levels of pRB in contrast to follicle center lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma; however, pRB expression does not appear to be consistently related to cyclin D1 overexpression. The pRB appears to be unmutated and underphosphorylated, and therefore should be in its active form. Our data from primary lymphoma tissue suggests that overexpression of cyclin D1, whereas tumorigenic, does not lead to pRB loss or hyperphosporylation. Thus, the mechanism by which cyclin D1 contributes to tumorigenesis and the significance of the restricted expression of pRB in low-grade lymphoid neoplasms remain to be determined.
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PMID:Expression of the retinoblastoma protein in low-grade B-cell lymphoma: relationship to cyclin D1. 870 83

This study was carried out to examine the cytomorphologic features of metastatic breast tumors and to assess the utility of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosing these tumors. The study group comprised five females and one male, all presenting with a breast mass. Their ages ranged between 35 and 65 years. FNAC of the breast mass was done in all cases. Three of the cases were previously diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MCA) of the ovary, and melanoma. Three cases presented initially with a breast mass. These included melanoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and plasmacytoma. The diagnosis of NHL was confirmed on histology. The patient with plasmacytoma presented primarily with a breast lump but subsequently developed multiple myeloma, and in one case of melanoma the primary tumor was detected after breast metastases. Preoperative FNAC of extramammary tumors metastatic to the breast is invaluable because the management of the patient differs entirely from that of a primary neoplasm. An accurate diagnosis can be made with the help of clinical and radiological correlation. If available, a perusal of previous history and biopsy material may prove useful.
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PMID:Aspiration cytology of extramammary tumors metastatic to the breast. 1052 77

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy. The monoclonal immunoglobulin, secreted by myeloma plasma cells, carries unique antigenic determinants (idiotype [Id]) that can be regarded as a tumor-specific antigen. Id-based immunotherapy has been explored in myeloma patients for the purpose of enhancing or inducing Id-specific immune responses that might lead to tumor destruction. However, despite some evidence obtained from mouse plasmacytoma models, it is still unclear whether Id-specific immunity may play a role in the regulation of tumor cells in MM. In the current study, using dendritic cells (DCs) as antigen-presenting cells, autologous Id-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) lines containing both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were generated from myeloma patients. The results show that Id-specific CTLs not only recognized and lysed autologous Id-pulsed DCs but also significantly killed the autologous primary myeloma cells. The cytotoxicity against the primary tumor cells was major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I- and, to a lesser extent, class II-restricted, indicating that myeloma cells could process Id protein and present Id peptides in the context of their surface MHC molecules. Furthermore, the CTLs lysed the target cells mainly through the perforin-mediated pathway because Concanamycin A, but not Brefeldin A-the selective inhibitors for perforin- or Fas-mediated pathways-abrogated the cytolytic activity of the cells. These CTLs secreted predominantly interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on antigen stimulation, indicating that they belong to the type-1 T-cell subsets. Taken together, these findings represent the first demonstration that Id-specific CTLs are able to lyse autologous tumor cells in MM and, thus, provide a rationale for Id-based immunotherapy in the disease.
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PMID:Idiotype-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in multiple myeloma: evidence for their capacity to lyse autologous primary tumor cells. 1123 17

Human B cells detect CpG motifs within microbial DNA via TLR9. Synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides are currently being tested in clinical trials for the therapy of different types of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, there is only limited information on the CpG oligodeoxynucleotide sensitivity of primary malignant B cells of different non-Hodgkin's lymphoma entities. Here we found that most B-cell malignancies except plasmacytoma respond to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides by up-regulating expression of costimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules, by increasing expression of CD20, and by proliferation. In an in vitro analysis of 41 individual patient-derived primary tumor samples, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and marginal zone lymphoma showed the strongest activation upon stimulation with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Small lymphocytic lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and large cell lymphoma showed an intermediate response. Consistent with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides sensitivity, TLR9 mRNA was present in B-CLL but absent in plasmacytoma. Although CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induced proliferation in all CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-sensitive types of B-cell malignancies, proliferation was weaker than in normal B cells and at least for B-CLL was followed by increased apoptosis. In conclusion, B-cell malignancies show significant differences in their responsiveness to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Focusing clinical studies on patients with highly CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-sensitive B-cell malignancies may improve the clinical outcome of such trials.
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PMID:B-cell lymphomas differ in their responsiveness to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. 1574 51

Extramedullary plasmacytoma may originate in any organ, either as a primary tumor or as a facet of systemic multiple myeloma. These solid lesions most commonly affect the upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal and urogenital tract, skin, and lung. Primary plasmacytoma of the lymph node is a rare hematologic neoplasm, which usually manifests as an enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes with no evidence of any other plasma cell dyscrasia. A 56-year-old man was admitted, due to the presence of multiple palpable masses in the right cervical and submandibular areas. Surgical resection revealed plasmacytoma of the lymph nodes. According to our full work-up, no evidence of the systemic involvement of plasma cell dyscrasia was discovered and thus, the diagnosis of primary plasmacytoma of the lymph node was made. Radiotherapy was administered, and the remnant mass was reduced substantially, to 1x2 cm in size. The patient was scheduled to be monitored by a PET CT scan, as well as by a neck CT scan.
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PMID:A case of primary plasmacytoma of lymph nodes. 1613 78


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