Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a retrospective study at the University of Louisville Affiliated Hospitals, 42 patients with carcinoid tumors not arising in the anorectal area were identified in ten years (1962-1972). The ileum was the organ most frequently involved with primary tumor (28%). The nonappendiceal gastrointestinal tumors were multiple in 28%, metastatic in 66%, and associated with a second malignancy in 25%. Of the symptomatic small-bowel tumors, 83% were metastatic at the time of diagnosis. Carcinoid syndrome was observed in only two patients, both of whom had liver metastases and elevated urinary 5-HIAA levels. Resections for cure were done on 25 patients, palliative resections on six, and biopsy on six. Six tumors were from autopsy meterial. Among the 24 patients treated and followed up for five years, the survival rate was only 16%. In those patients having resection for cure, the five-year survival rate was 39%, exculding appendiceal tumors. The advanced stage of disease at time of discovery and the dismal prognosis for invasive carcinoids are contrary to many clinicians' impressions of the nature of carcinoid tumors but entirely consistent with several other recent reports (James Ewing Society meeting, April 1973).
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PMID:Clinical aspects of invasive carcinoid tumors. 5 Jun 23

The cases are described of three patients with a carcinoid syndrome resulting from hepatic metastases of a carcinoid in the distal ileal tract. Treatment consisted in resection of the primary tumor and of the regional lymph-node metastases, combined with dearterialization of the liver. Apart from rapidly transient disorders of hepatic function, no postoperative complications occurred. Dearterialization should be regarded as a palliative operation and would appear to be beneficial. Optimally effective dearterialization may be achieved with the aid of peroperative angiography after the standard procedure. This will reveal any collaterals and anatomical variants that remain to be occluded. Postoperative mitigation of symptoms is the best parameter for evaluation of the efficacy of the dearterialization.
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PMID:Hepatic dearterialization for carcinoid syndrome due to liver metastases. 90 Sep 58

In patients with midgut carcinoid tumors a curative, radical tumor removal should be attempted when possible. As these tumors are generally malignant, irrespective of size, the radical surgery implies that intestinal resection for excision of a primary tumor should be combined with an extended mesenteric resection. When the patients present with the carcinoid syndrome the disease is, with few exceptions, too advanced for curative surgery. However, surgery often has to be performed also in patients with the advanced carcinoids. Patients with more extensive disease may thus benefit from surgical debulking of large mesenteric or hepatic metastases. Moreover, when the patients present with abdominal symptoms it is important to exclude a threatening major abdominal complication, such as intestinal obstruction or ischemia. As these complications may cause malnutrition and deterioration, it is important to treat them properly, sometimes by repeated surgery.
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PMID:Abdominal surgery in patients with midgut carcinoid tumors. 185 12

Pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity has been demonstrated in human carcinoid tumors by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay, employing antisera raised to a synthetic C-terminal fragment of porcine pancreastatin. Immunohistochemistry revealed intense immunoreactivity in all tumors. By radioimmunoassay, high concentrations of pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity were measured in carcinoid tumors arising from the fore-gut (mean +/- S.D. and range: 369 +/- 955 and 9.4-3670 pmol g-1, respectively, n = 14), mid-gut (mean +/- S.D. and range: 1354 +/- 1538 and 337-3978 pmol g-1, respectively, n = 5) and in metastases associated with mid-gut tumors (mean +/- S.D. and range: 684 +/- 739 and 31-2255 pmol g-1, respectively, n = 7), compared to corresponding normal tissues (less than 1.4 pmol g-1). Individuals with hepatic metastases and carcinoid syndrome had elevated circulating levels of pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity (mean +/- S.D. and range: 770 +/- 1249 and 42-4120 pmol l-1; n = 12), significantly above the normal, fasting range (mean +/- S.D. and range: 14.9 +/- 7.5 and 4-37.5 pmol l-1, respectively, n = 42). However, patients with non-metastatic carcinoid tumors (n = 4), who had been clinically cured after primary tumor resection, had plasma levels within the normal range. Chromatographic analysis of extracts of primary lung and ileal tumors, hepatic metastases from ileal tumors and plasma from individuals with carcinoid syndrome revealed molecular heterogeneity of pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity.
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PMID:Pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity in human carcinoid disease. 204 45

We are presenting 20 cases of carcinoid tumors of the digestive system. We shall evaluate: age, sex, localization and histopathology, symptomatology, therapeutics and evolution. Appendicular carcinoids were the most frequent: 13 cases. All were chance findings in the histopathological examination of surgically resected appendix in eight acute appendicitis and in four laparotomies for other reasons. Histologically the classic pattern predominated, with formation of cellular nidus, with the cells being argentaffin. These characteristics permit classifying them as tumors derived from the embrionary middle intestine. No appendicular carcinoid developed metastasis. The extirpation was always curative, partially due to the small size and to the facility of obstructing the appendicular lumen. Four cases were gastric carcinoids. Their cells grouped forming trabeculas or were arranged irregularly, being negative for argyrophil and argentic tinction (tumors derived from the cephalic intestine). Two of them presented associated peptic ulcer (histamine implication). The two remaining ones came for studies related to asthenia, anorexia and weight loss, and in both cases hepatic metastasis without carcinoid syndrome were found. Two less frequent localizations were Meckel's diverticulum and ampulla of Vater. The latter developed hepatic metastasis without carcinoid syndrome. The only carcinoid syndrome was found in a patient who died due to adult respiratory distress without having localized the primary tumor.
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PMID:[20 cases of carcinoid tumors of the digestive system]. 209 Jan 72

The authors carried out a retrospective study of 32 patients (23 M, 9 F) with carcinoid tumors who were diagnosed and treated at Harlem Hospital Center, New York, from 1967 to 1988. All the patients were black and the commonest sites were the ileum (28.1%), rectosigmoid and rectum (21.9%), and the appendix and lung (15.6% each). Metastasis correlated with site, size, and depth of the primary tumor and occurred in 12 patients (38%), most frequently to the regional lymph nodes and liver. Carcinoid syndrome developed in 12.5% (3 F, 1 M). Surgical resection for cure or palliation was the mainstay of treatment. Overall 5 year survival rate was 66%, and for those with metastases was 0%. The poorer survival rates are probably related to the socioeconomic status of our patient population. The only observed racial difference compared to other series is the preponderance of males, and the disproportionately higher ratio of females with the carcinoid syndrome.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumors. 225 Apr 76

Sixteen patients with endocrine ileal tumors and liver metastases were analyzed with regard to the size, multicentricity, and growth pattern of the primary tumor, the occurrence of carcinoid syndrome, as well as the concentrations of serotonin and substance P (SP) in blood, 5-hydroxy-indole-acetic acid (5-HIAA) in urine, and the course of the disease. Excised specimens from the tumors were immediately processed for immunocytochemical investigations of the presence of neurohormonal peptides, using a broad spectrum of antisera and optimal histoprocessing techniques. In all patients the serotonin levels in blood and/or the 5-HIAA in urine were high. The SP concentration in plasma was markedly elevated in all but two of the ten patients investigated in this respect. A mixed growth pattern prevailed in the tumors of 7 patients with fatal disease. Serotonin cells were found in all tumors and SP-immunoreactive tumor cells in all but one; one of the carcinoids also contained a few tumor cells displaying enkephalin immunoreactivity. In conventionally fixed and paraffin embedded specimens of the same tumors usually no immunoreactive tumor cells at all could be demonstrated, showing that SP is among the peptides vulnerable to poor histotechniques. Nevertheless, SP, together with serotonin, constitute reliable clinical tumor markers for ileal carcinoids.
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PMID:Endocrine tumors of the ileum. Cytochemical and clinical aspects. 241 56

Eighty-two patients with pathologically proved carcinoid tumors were examined with iodine-131 metaio-dobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy. Localization scores of I-131 MIBG accumulation in the primary tumor or metastatic site ranged from 0 to 3+ on the basis of comparison with normal liver. I-131 MIBG uptake varied greatly in different patients with carcinoid tumors. The localization scores in known tumor sites were related to the location of the primary tumor in the stomach (1-3+ in two of five patients), pancreas (1-3+ in four of five patients), cecum (3+ in two of two patients), appendix (0 in one of one patient), jejunum (0 in one of one patient), Meckel diverticulum (3+ in one of one patient), terminal ileum (2-3+ in 19 of 28 patients), bronchus (3+ in one of nine patients), thymus (1+ in one of two patients), and unknown (2-3+ in 18 of 28 patients). Tumors of midgut origin concentrated I-131 MIBG more frequently than those of foregut origin. Uptake of I-131 MIBG was more likely if neurohumor levels, particularly serum serotonin, were elevated. There was no relationship of I-131 MIBG uptake to carcinoid syndrome. I-131 MIBG is useful in the determination of the location and extent of some carcinoid tumors, particularly those of midgut origin.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumors: iodine-131 MIBG scintigraphy. 277 75

One hundred fifty-four patients with gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors were surgically treated at our institution between 1972 and 1982. The most frequent primary sites were the ileum (43%), rectum (30%), appendix (11%), jejunum (6%), stomach (6%), and duodenum (1%). Asymptomatic tumors were discovered incidentally in 93 patients (60%). Symptomatic tumors were common (48%) among the group with ileal carcinoid tumors. Except for endoscopy, preoperative studies were of limited value. The malignant carcinoid syndrome was present in 12 patients (nine with ileal tumors). One hundred forty-seven patients underwent surgical or endoscopic resection of the primary tumor; the overall operative mortality rate was 2.6%. Of significance was the high incidence (18%) of metastasis from ileal primary tumors smaller than 1 cm.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract: presentation, management, and prognosis. 407 83

This clinicopathologic study includes 15 cases of carcinoid tumors of the eye and orbit. The patients ranged in age from 14 to 86 years (median, 53). No prediction for either gender was found. Seven tumors involved the orbit, seven the choroid, and one the iris. The primary site of origin of the carcinoid tumor was known in 12 cases: seven in the bronchus, one in the trachea, and four in the ileum. In three cases an orbital tumor was present but no other known primary neoplasm was clinically apparent. The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 0 to 4 years. The urinary levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were elevated in four of ten patients tested, each of whom had a known primary tumor and two of whom had clinical evidence of the carcinoid syndrome. Four main histologic patterns were recognized: pattern A (solid lobules or masses), pattern B (trabecular or cord-like), pattern C (tubular or rosette-like) and pattern D (mixed). The apparently primary carcinoid tumors and the orbital or ocular metastases were closely related by their histologic patterns, histochemical staining characteristics, and ultrastructural features.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumors of the eye and orbit: a clinicopathologic study of 15 cases, with histochemical and electron microscopic observations. 617 23


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