Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Trauma produced by amputation of a limb bearing the primary tumor influenced pulmonary metastases of the Carcinosarcoma of Walker 256 of the rat. This enhancement was present in 38% of the animals following the removal of a limb bearing the primary tumor; and in 29% of those in which the controlateral limb without tumor was amputated. A significant prolongation of the clotting time, an elevation of fibrinogen factor II and VII and a rapid consumption of factor VIII present soon after trauma may have been the parameter responsible for the increase of pulmonary metastases seen in this study.
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PMID:Role of operative trauma: explosive metastases of similar size following amputation of the primary leg tumor. 51 75

The differential distribution of a series of antineoplastic agents in metastatic tissues compared to their respective primary tumors has been investigated in one rat and two mouse experimental tumor systems, ie, the intramuscular Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) of C57BL/6 mice, which gives rise to spontaneous lung metastases, the intratibial Sarcoma 180 (S180) of CD1 mice, which induces macroscopic metastases to the lymph nodes, and the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma of CD rats, which also metastasizes to the lymph nodes. The results described in this paper show that the concentrations of adriamycin, daunorubicin, cyclophosphamide and its alkylating metabolites, hydroxyurea, 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, and 6-mercaptopurine are much higher in the pulmonary metastases of 3LL and/or in the lymph node metastases of S180 than the concentrations measured in the primary tumor. In the Walker 256 tumor system the distribution of adriamycin appears to follow the same pattern observed for the mouse tumors. Only for methotrexate (in the 3LL tumor) is the difference in the concentrations at the two sites not so evident. These findings are discussed in relation to the comparatively greater sensitivity of metastases to chemotherapy.
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PMID:Differential distribution of antitumor agents in primary and secondary tumors. 58 98

Polypoid carcinomas with spindle-cell sarcomatous features have been designated either as carcinosarcoma or pseudosarcoma. The distinction between these two tumors has depended on the presence of "intermingling" of the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components in so-called carcinosarcoma. But unlike the carcinosarcoma, the sarcomatous component in pseudosarcoma has been considered benign. A polypoid tumor of the esophagus in a 57-year-old male was predominantly composed of spindle cell, sarcomatous cells. The presence of adjacent intraepithelial epidermoid carcinoma with transitional and ultrastructural features confirmed the epithelial origin of this tumor. Because of the absence of "intermingling," the primary tumor was considered to be a pseudosarcoma. However, our postmortem examination showed metastases composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous features. A review of the literature on carcinosarcomas and pseudosarcomas shows that only one case of pseudosarcoma reported by Hughes and Cruickshank showed a similar situation and indicates that the sarcomatous component in pseudosarcomas has the same metastatic potentiality as has been reported in carcinosarcomas. We conclude from these studies a basic similarity of the carcinosarcoma and pseudosarcoma. The term polypoid carcinoma is proposed for both these lesions.
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PMID:Polypoid carcinoma of the esophagus. A unifying term for "carcinosarcoma" and "pseudosarcoma". 65 40

The influence of some stress agents applied during variable periods of time and under various modifications of the endocrine status was studied on the lymphotropic metastases of the 256 Walker carcinosarcoma, grafted intratesticulary in rats. Different reactivity of metastases, when compared to that of primary tumors was found in relation to the action of some compounds influencing the hormonal balance. Stress enhances the primary tumor development, while the metastatic growth is inhibited. However later on, sudden enhancement of the metastasis growth was observed. Adrenalectomy, as well as testosterone, thyroxine, of Stilbostat administration inhibit the metastasis, whereas cortisone, or antithyroid drug administration enhance the metastasis. The in vitro study of the tumor cell proliferation suggests some immunemorphological involvements in the development of this process.
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PMID:Influence of stress and of endocrine imbalance on the experimental metastasis. 86 45

In a collective of 200 Wistar rats, the influence of anticoagulants upon the rat tail tumor (Walker 256 carcinosarcoma) was checked with and without irradiation. After implantation of the tumor and development of a certain definite tumor volume, the animals were divided into four different groups of 50 rats each. The first one was the control group without any manipulation, the second received an one-stage X-irradiation with 2500 R SD directed to the tail tumor, the third was treated with an oral dose of Phenprocoumon which was added to the daily drinking quantity (0.1 mg/kg body weight), and the fourth group was given an one-stage X-irradiation together with the oral Phenprocoumon treatment. The influence of these different treatments on the growth of the primary tumor, on the incidence of metastases and on the death rate was checked up. The best therapeutical effect was observed with combined radiation and Phenprocoumon treatment. The therapy resulted in an almost complete growth rate depression of the primary tumor, in an early tendency of remission of the primary tumor, a 42 per cent decrease of the incidence of metastases to the lung, and a 42 per cent increase of the survival rate. With regard to the frequency of metastases and to the survival rate, treatment with Phenprocoumon alone showed significantly better results as sole radiation treatment.
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PMID:[The influencing of rat-tail tumors with and without irradiation]. 125 92

A 76-year-old man with spindle cell (squamous) carcinoma of the lung developed fatal respiratory failure after limited thoracic irradiation at a total dose of 18 Gy. He developed severe pulmonary toxicity, which presented as dry cough, dyspnea, and pulmonary infiltrates extending beyond the radiation field. Microscopically, a transitional form of squamous to spindle-shaped cells was observed in the primary tumor, located at right S8. Immunohistochemical examination showed positive staining of spindle cells for keratin, vimentin, and EMA, but not for desmin. These results indicate that the spindle cells had characteristics of squamous epithelial cells, and differed from carcinosarcoma. Distant metastatic lesions were composed of only the spindle cell component.
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PMID:[A case of spindle cell (squamous) carcinoma (WHO) of the lung]. 180 85

Bisphosphonates are compounds with a high affinity for bone and other calcified tissues. They inhibit tumor-induced bone destruction and the associated hypercalcemia by hindering the activity of the osteoclasts. Owing to a long biological half-life of bisphosphonates in the bone, a treatment using a prophylactic regimen seems possible. This paper summarizes preclinical studies with the bisphosphonate 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid and two methyl derivatives; 3-N,N-dimethylamino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid and 4-N,N-dimetyhlamino-1-hydroxybutylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid with respect to their bone-protecting activity in therapy as well as in prophylaxis. To find substances that are useful for the treatment of primary tumor, as well as bone metastasis, we synthesized and tested cis-diammine[nitrilotris(methylphosphonato)(2-)-O1,N1]platin um(II) and cis-diammine[( bis-(phosphonatomethyl)amino]acetato(2-)-O1,N1)platinum(II), which contain both an osteotropic and an antineoplastic moiety. Experiments were carried out: (a) in the intratibial transplanted Walker carcinosarcoma 256B of the rat, which mimics osteolytic bone metastasis, and (b) in the transplantable osteosarcoma of the rat, which shows a histology and metastatic pattern similar to that found in man. These investigations indicate that it is possible to effect adjuvant therapy of bone metastases by combination of two compounds with different properties into one structure without losing the therapeutic characteristics of the parent compounds. They thus provide evidence that it may be possible to design compounds well suited for the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of bone-related malignancies.
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PMID:Anticancer-agent-linked phosphonates with antiosteolytic and antineoplastic properties: a promising perspective in the treatment of bone-related malignancies? 215 96

A case of true carcinosarcoma primarily arising in the right maxillary sinus is reported in a 60-year-old male. His chief complaints were right nasal obstruction and bleeding. Histological findings of the biopsied primary tumor revealed two components of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and osteosarcoma which were intricately intermingled. Despite intensive irradiation and chemotherapy, and total maxillectomy, he finally died of rapid tumor recurrence and widely spreading metastases to lungs, pleurae and brain two months later. At autopsy the recurrent and metastatic tumors consisted entirely of the osteosarcoma component, suggesting the efficiency of the radiotherapy and chemotherapy against the carcinomatous component, but not against the sarcomatous one. As for histogenesis, this case was compatible with a combination tumor judging from histologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings.
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PMID:True carcinosarcoma of the maxillary sinus. 248 Dec 98

Antitumor efficacy of cryosurgery and standard surgical procedures for Lewis carcinoma, melanoma B16, Guerin's carcinoma and Walker's carcinosarcoma was compared in the treatment of 846 experimental animals. The study established the superiority or, at least, similar efficacy of cryosurgery in terms of cure, survival and radicality of primary tumor treatment. Unlike standard surgery, cryosurgery was followed by distant metastases being inhibited in mice. Although there was no significant difference in the incidence of metastases to regional lymph nodes in rats, it was higher than in untreated animals in both treatment groups. Cryonecrosis of tumor tissue is a factor of distant and regional metastases development following cryosurgery.
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PMID:[A comparative study of the efficacy of cryosurgical and operative treatments in transplanted tumors]. 260 25

This study primarily describes the cytostatic activity of a bisphosphonate and of an alkylating agent linked bisphosphonate toward mammary carcinomas in vivo. Bisphosphonates had been shown to be therapeutically active in bone metastases. There is no animal tumor model available in which both primary mammary carcinomas and bone metastases can be studied simultaneously. Therefore, the Walker carcinosarcoma model, which was used as a model for bone metastasis in earlier studies, was combined with the M-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) induced mammary carcinoma as a model for the primary tumor. Four-, or six-week treatment of MNU-induced mammary carcinomas in Sprague-Dawley rats with the new aromatic bisphosphonate 4[4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)-amino]-phenyl]-1-hydroxybutane-1, 1-bisphosphonate (BAD) showed higher antitumor activity than treatment with melphalan or with 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (APD) alone. BAD is the APD moiety covalently bound to a molecule derived from melphalan. A combination therapy with 11.75 mg/kg/day APD and 0.6 mg/kg/day melphalan showed the best therapeutic efficacy in this tumor model. In comparison to monotherapy with BAD, APD, or melphalan, a significantly higher rate of complete remissions was achieved. APD, itself, was not genotoxic in 3 employed short term assays. Since bisphosphonates had been shown to be therapeutically active in bone metastases, the antitumor potency of these compounds against experimental primary mammary carcinomas, coupled with the non-genotoxicity of APD and the inhibition of osteolytic bone metastases, might be an important advancement for adjuvant chemotherapy of human mammary carcinomas.
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PMID:Anticancer activity of bisphosphonic acids in methylnitrosourea-induced mammary carcinoma of the rat--benefit of combining bisphosphonates with cytostatic agents. 305 67


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