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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Report about a 80 years old woman with a renal carcinoma solitarily metastasized to thyroid 11 years after the resection of primary tumor. A primary clear-cell carcinoma of thyroid gland was ruled out by thyroglobulin-immunohistochemistry.
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PMID:[Solitary late thyroid metastasis of a surgically removed kidney cancer]. 321 76

Natural interleukin-2 is a lymphokine with an immunoregulatory function. The recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) is cloned from a human lymphoblastoid T-cell line for this trial. The gene is expressed in E-coli, allowing production of large quantities of rIL-2. This study is an open label phase I-II trial designed to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of a rIL-2 in disseminated renal cell carcinoma. After surgical resection of the primary tumor, 3 X 10(6) units/m2 day rIL-2 is administered by 2-hr IV infusions daily for 5 days every other week for a total of eight cycles. At the conclusion of eight cycles of therapy, the patients were re-evaluated for response. Patients with complete and partial responses were eligible to receive an additional eight cycles every other week. Patients demonstrating progressive disease during this study were withdrawn. The toxicities of the high-dose rIL-2 included transient hypotension, pyrexia, malaise, and skin rashes. The transient hypotension responded to fluid replacement, and the other toxicities also responded to symptomatic treatment. The early results in ten patients indicate two partial and one complete response. We have concluded that administration of high-dose interleukin-2 has acceptable toxicities with encouraging response and deserves a phase III study.
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PMID:A phase I-II study of high-dose recombinant human interleukin-2 in disseminated renal-cell carcinoma. 326 82

Cytogenetic patterns from primary short-term culture of breast cancer, renal carcinoma, and tumors of the central nervous system are presented to illustrate the range of karyotypic diversity of human solid tumors as well as their biologic differences in culture systems that support their growth. These studies have illustrated several major issues. 1) Results vary with the tissue of origin: primary cultures from breast are almost uniformly diploid, while renal tumors are near-diploid, mosaic, and show clonal aberrations; and CNS tumors are heterogeneous: some diploid, some near-diploid and some highly aneuploid. 2) Results after short-term culture are selective, representing subpopulations from the heterogeneous cells that are detected on direct analysis of fresh tumors by cytogenetics or flow cytometry (FCM). It is not yet clear whether prognosis depends on the dominant population of the primary tumor or alternatively should be influenced by detection of small aneuploid subpopulations. 3) Evidence from all three tumor types supports the interpretation that cytogenetically normal diploid cells constitute part of some tumor populations, and may be better adapted to routine growth in culture than aneuploid subpopulations from the same primary tumors. These cells may also compose a major portion of the viable population of tumors in vivo and, therefore, could represent a useful model for studies of tumorigenesis and therapeutic regimens.
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PMID:Cytogenetic diversity in primary human tumors. 328 59

The success of cancer therapy depends on the destruction of all viable cancer cells in the primary site, as well as in metastatic areas. Surgery alone can do little for the patient whose tumor has produced distant involvement except in those situations where surgical excision, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy can be relied on to eradicate metastatic disease. Because of the paucity of systemic therapy for renal cell carcinoma, an aggressive surgical approach to the primary tumor is justifiable when all metastatic lesions can be excised or otherwise definitively treated and in experimental protocols in which adjuvant therapy of possible benefit can be combined with palliative nephrectomy. There is no evidence, however, in reported studies to suggest that routine palliative nephrectomy in patients who will not be offered adjuvant systemic therapy or radiation is beneficial. Such practice is also associated with a higher incidence of complications and mortality than is expected for resection of localized renal cell carcinoma. For these reasons, it is reasonable to recommend adjunctive nephrectomy only in certain selected instances, which include (1) the control of a patient's current symptoms related to the primary disease, for example, flank pain, hematuria, fever and toxicity, anemia, erythrocytosis, and hypercalcemia; (2) nephrectomy with the excision of a solitary metastasis; and (3) the patient who is willing to undergo experimental therapy, part of which involves removal of the primary tumor.
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PMID:The failure of infarction and/or nephrectomy in stage IV renal cell cancer to influence survival or metastatic regression. 331 66

Between 1975 and 1985 76 patients underwent surgery of pulmonary metastases in our hospital. Most often the primary tumor was located in carcinomas of the colon and rectum (19 patients), followed by carcinomas of the kidney (14 patients), the breast (13 patients) and the skin (malignant melanoma: 9 patients). Conditions for pulmonary metastasectomy are radical removal of the primary tumor, metastases located only in the lung, resectability of the metastases and low operative risk. Three years after pulmonary metastasectomy 35% of the patients were still alive, the 5 year survival rate was 18%. The median survival time was 22 months. The prognosis in patients with pulmonary metastases is largely dependant upon tumor type. Pulmonary metastases of breast carcinomas and carcinomas of colon and rectum can be treated best by surgical intervention. (5 year survival rate: 35% and 33%). Hypernephroma and malignant melanoma have a 5 year survival rate of 0% and 23%. Other prognostic factors are the number of pulmonary metastases and the disease-free interval between surgery of the primary tumor and pulmonary metastasectomy. Furthermore resection techniques are of prognostic importance. Lobectomy and segmental resection showed a better 5 year survival rate than pneumonectomy (21%, 24%, 0%). Median sternotomy is recommended as standard access for pulmonary metastasectomy. Surgery of pulmonary metastases is encouraging.
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PMID:[Surgery of lung metastases]. 338 3

Idiopathic regression of metastases from renal carcinoma is rare and usually involves lung metastases in men with a good performance status following removal of the primary tumor. We report a case of spontaneous regression of a biopsy proved liver metastasis that had appeared several months after removal of primary renal carcinoma.
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PMID:Spontaneous regression of liver metastasis from renal carcinoma. 341 82

Out of 44 patients suffering from disseminated renal cell carcinoma 24/44 patients (group I) underwent nephrectomy, in 20/44 patients the primary tumor was not removed. In 12/44 patients chemotherapy was performed (7 patients group I, 5 patients group II). Comparison of the survival rate with and without chemotherapy revealed no significant difference in the two groups. Partial response was noted only in four patients with a mean duration of four months. These results can not give a final answer for the indication of chemotherapy in metastatic renal cancer.
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PMID:[Primary metastasized hypernephroma: therapy and follow-up]. 344 32

Renal adenocarcinoma implanted into isogeneic Wistar-Lewis rats closely resembles human renal cancer. This paper characterizes the tumor's growth rate, metastatic potential, and its light and electron microscopic appearance. Additionally, for the first time, the pathways through which a tumor acquires the cholesterol needed for growth were quantified in vivo. Two 1-mg pieces of renal carcinoma were implanted beneath the renal capsule of 80 Wistar-Lewis rats. Of the implanted tumors 95% "took" and grew rapidly, doubling every 2.6 days initially. Growth slowed, however, to a doubling time of 8.3 days by the fifth wk. Twenty rats underwent surgical resection of the primary tumor 5 wk after implantation. Of these, 85% subsequently developed lung metastases. Histologically, the tumor had a clear-cell appearance due to the presence of large vacuoles, some of which contained glycogen. The esterified cholesterol content of the tumor was 3-fold higher than normal kidney during the initial period of rapid tumor growth and increased to a 14-fold elevation by 12 wk. The normal kidney in vivo had a high rate of uptake of cholesterol carried in low density lipoproteins and a low rate of de novo sterol synthesis. In contrast, the renal carcinoma lost most of its low density lipoprotein uptake activity and, instead, acquired the cholesterol needed for growth by a 5-fold increase in the rate of de novo cholesterol synthesis. This model may prove valuable in both testing therapeutic strategies directed against human renal cancer and understanding the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in a growing cancer.
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PMID:Renal cell carcinoma in the Wistar-Lewis rat: a model for studying the mechanisms of cholesterol acquisition by a tumor in vivo. 348 39

We have used a transplantable experimental murine renal carcinoma (Renca) to evaluate the adjuvant immunotherapeutic potential of cytotoxic lymphocytes stimulated by in vitro incubation for 24 h with human recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2). The Renca tumor model is therapeutically challenging since, following intrarenal implant, it grows progressively with local invasion and development of spontaneous metastases in abdominal lymph nodes, lungs, and liver. Therefore, successful treatment requires control of both primary tumor, local and regional invasive growth, and systemic metastases. Our studies have shown that rIL-2-stimulated cytotoxic lymphocytes efficiently lyse Renca in vitro. Further, both doxorubicin hydrochloride and an active metabolite of cyclophosphamide also inhibited the growth of Renca in vitro. In vivo administration of doxorubicin hydrochloride, cyclophosphamide or rIL-2-stimulated cytotoxic lymphocytes and rIL-2 to mice bearing established Renca tumors (7-day disease) resulted in a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in short-term survivors (at 45 days), but only 17% cures. However, combination chemoimmunotherapy consisting of doxorubicin hydrochloride and rIL-2-stimulated cytotoxic lymphocytes plus rIL-2 results in the cure of 67% of mice bearing established Renca. These results demonstrate that chemotherapy and immunotherapy with adoptively transferred cytotoxic lymphocytes can function synergistically in the treatment of established murine renal carcinoma.
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PMID:Adjuvant immunotherapy of established murine renal cancer by interleukin 2-stimulated cytotoxic lymphocytes. 348 10

Computerized tomography (CT), ultrasound, and angiography have been used for staging renal cell carcinoma. CT has proven to be the most reliable and sensitive of these techniques. Magnetic resonance (MR) has emerged recently as a viable alternative imaging modality. Five patients with renal cell carcinoma and suspected caval involvement were evaluated by CT, ultrasound, and MR. Caval extension and the differentiation of intra-versus retrocaval tumor was seen with greater clarity on MR scans; perinephric extension was seen equally well with both modalities. The primary tumor itself was better defined with CT. In patients with equivocal findings regarding the renal veins or inferior vena cava, MR is a valuable adjunct in preoperative evaluation. In patients at high risk for contrast administration, MR is the staging modality of choice.
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PMID:Impact of magnetic resonance on staging of renal carcinoma. 352 Oct 49


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