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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The fact that tumors require polyamines for growth has been repeatedly demonstrated. In vivo polyamines are available both from endogenous (intracellular biosynthesis) and exogenous sources (food and intestinal microflora). We investigated in rats grafted with Mat-Lylu prostatic adenocarcinoma the distribution between tumor and tissues of orally administered [14C]putrescine (Pt). The amount of radioactivity retained by tumors was directly proportional to the tumor volume. In a tumor of 25 cm3 19% of the totally retained radioactivity was found. The accumulation of Pt by intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles prepared from tumor-bearing animals was significantly higher than by vesicles from healthy rats. Our results indicate that the presence of a tumor induces an adaptive response in the small intestine which stimulates the uptake of exogenous polyamines. Our therapeutic strategy was to realise a total blockade of all endogenous and exogenous sources of polyamines by feeding animals with a drug (DFMO, MDL 72527, antibiotics) containing polyamine deficient chow. We observed that polyamine deprivation largely reduced both primary tumor and metastatic development. Natural Killer cell cytotoxic activity and blood formula were restored to normal values after treatment. Furthermore polyamine deprivation enhanced antitumoral efficacy of chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Involvement of polyamines in malignant proliferative processes: antineoplastic effects of a polyamine deficiency]. 774 73

The skin is involved in metastases from 2-9% of malignant tumors. These usually tend to spread to the skin relatively late in the course of the disease. Skin metastases of prostatic origin are quite uncommon and preferentially localized to the lower abdomen and genital area. We present a case of cutaneous metastasis from prostatic adenocarcinoma that preceded diagnosis of the primary tumor and was located on the neck.
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PMID:Cutaneous metastases from prostatic cancer. 812 Feb 43

To assess the mechanisms and prognostic significance of seminal vesicle involvement (SVI) by prostatic adenocarcinoma, we analyzed 312 radical prostatectomy specimens obtained from patients with T1-T3 prostate cancer. Detailed pathological examination demonstrated three patterns of SVI. Type I involvement was direct spread along the ejaculatory duct complex into the seminal vesicles. Type II involvement was spread outside of the prostate, through the capsule, and then into the seminal vesicle. Type III involvement was characterized by the finding of isolated deposits of cancer in the seminal vesicle with no contiguous primary cancer in the prostate. We found SVI in 64 patients (21%), who have been followed for a mean of 31 months (range 1-101). A defining criterion for progression was clinically apparent local or distant recurrence or a postoperative serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) > or = 0.4 ng/ml (Hybritech). Type I SVI was found in 17 (26%), Type II in 21 (33%), and Type III in 8 (13%) cases. In 18 patients (28%), the pattern of SVI appeared to be a combination of types I and II (categorized as Type I+II). Type III (isolated metastasis) SVI was associated with significantly smaller cancers (median, 3.13 vs. 6.7 cc; p < 0.0005) and fewer positive margins (0 vs. 32%; p = 0.05) than in other types. Type II SVI, with direct extension through the capsule, was associated with a significantly higher risk of lymph node metastasis (8 vs. 33%; p < 0.05). When patients with lymph node metastases were excluded, there was a trend toward a more favorable prognosis (p = 0.09) for patients with type III SVI than with other types. Overall, patients with type III SVI had a progression-free survival rate similar to that of 83 patients with extracapsular extension without SVI. We conclude that the prognostic significance of SVI may not be uniformly ominous; instead, it may depend on the specific mechanism of involvement and the pathologic features of the primary tumor.
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PMID:The mechanisms and prognostic significance of seminal vesicle involvement by prostate cancer. 823 32

There is increasing evidence that nuclear DNA content has significant prognostic value for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. There also appear to be considerable differences in cellular DNA content between patient cohorts when primary tumor or pelvic lymph node metastases are measured. In addition, prostate adenocarcinoma is heterogeneous in DNA measurements; that adds confusion to studies incorporating fine needle aspiration biopsy samples. We compared cellular DNA content in 34 patients with available needle biopsies and pelvic lymph node metastases. Four groups of patients were identified: diploid-range primaries and metastases (8 patients), diploid-range primaries and aneuploid metastases (13), aneuploid primaries and metastases (10), and aneuploid primaries and diploid-range metastases (2). Patients with diploid-range primary tumors had a longer interval to progression and death than did patients with aneuploid primary tumors, although neither was significant in this small series. Patients with diploid-range lymph node metastasis had a longer interval to progression (P = .04) and survival (P = .09) than did individuals with aneuploid metastases. We conclude that the cellular DNA content of prostate cancer metastases in this series of stage D1 patients was more powerful in predicting time to progression and ultimate survival than evaluation of needle biopsy specimens of the primary cancer.
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PMID:Comparison of DNA content in primary and lymph node metastases in prostate adenocarcinoma. 834 55

A 65-year old man presented with a soft tissue mass in the leg, clinically suspect of a sarcoma. Histologic examination suggested a metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate, which could not be confirmed by immunohistologic studies. However, cytogenetic analysis strongly supported this diagnosis. A primary prostatic carcinoma was indeed found and the patient died of widely disseminated disease. These findings illustrate the significance of chromosomal analysis in the search for a primary tumor in patients with an unknown primary.
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PMID:Cytogenetic support for primary prostatic cancer in a patient presenting with a soft tissue mass in the leg. 860 42

We performed a retrospective review of surgical pathology specimens and clinical data for all patients with node-positive prostate cancer diagnosed in our institutions between 1985 and 1994. We used adjusted actuarial survival analyses and univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate the clinical significance of extracapsular perinodal tumor extension. Sixty patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer metastatic to regional lymph nodes were reviewed. Forty-two patients (70%) had evidence of extracapsular extension of the tumor into perinodal tissue. The 5-year adjusted cumulative survival rates for patients with extracapsular nodal extension was 54.6%, compared with 71.4% for patients with histologically confined nodal metastases (P < .05). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed the presence of extracapsular nodal tumor extension to be an independent predictor of patient survival. In this study, only the histologic grade (Gleason score) of the primary tumor was a stronger predictive factor. These data suggest that histologic evidence of extracapsular tumor extension from lymph node metastases into perinodal tissue might be an important prognostic factor in patients with node-positive adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Development of a pathologic substage to include this feature might be warranted.
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PMID:Prognostic implications of extracapsular extension of lymph node metastases in prostate cancer. 926 23

Capromab Pendetide imaging illustrates the successful translation of monoclonal antibody technology from the laboratory to the clinic. It provides a means of identifying otherwise occult soft tissue metastases in patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. When utilized with other clinical, pathological and laboratory findings, Capromab Pendetide imaging enables more accurate disease staging and monitoring than is afforded by other imaging modalities such as CT and MRI. In the primary disease setting Capromab Pendetide imaging should be reserved for use in patients with negative bone scans who are at high risk for metastatic disease based on such factors as advanced clinical stage, high Gleason score and significantly elevated serum PSA or alkaline phosphatase. Due to low sensitivity for small-volume disease, a negative Mab scan may not eliminate the need for a staging lymph node dissection but should encourage further consideration of local treatment options. Capromab Pendetide should be used with caution in patients at low risk for metastatic disease. Positive scan findings in low risk patients should be confirmed before altering the treatment plan since some false positive scans should be anticipated in a population with low disease prevalence. Capromab Pendetide imaging has not been shown to be reliable in determining the local extent of the primary tumor but new techniques involving co-registration of SPECT and CT images show promise in this regard. In the patient with recurrent disease following primary therapy, the predictive value of Capromab Pendetide imaging of the prostate or prostate fossa is limited, particularly following RT. Its more important role in this setting is to identify lymph node metastases in the high risk patient with a negative bone scan who might otherwise be a candidate for local salvage therapy. A large prospective study is needed for confirmation, but preliminary data suggest that Capromab Pendetide imaging is helpful in identifying those patients with PSA elevation after radical prostatectomy who are most likely to benefit from salvage RT. As with any imaging technique, Capromab Pendetide has strengths and weaknesses that must be understood to maximize patient benefit by utilizing the scan in clinical settings where it is most likely to be useful and least likely to be misleading. Capromab Pendetide is a technically demanding procedure best performed and interpreted at sites with experience and expertise.
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PMID:Capromab Pendetide imaging of prostate cancer. 1080 17

The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was recognized in a 68-year-old man with a poorly differentiated metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Elevated levels of ADH were found in the tissues of the primary tumor and lymph node metastasis. The patient's clinical course is detailed and the pathophysiology of this syndrome is discussed. To our knowledge, this case is the ninth reported case of syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Antidiuretic hormone activity was proven in only three cases including this case.
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PMID:Prostate adenocarcinoma producing syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. 1168 74

We undertook a detailed histologic study to identify specific morphologic features that may aid in distinguishing prostatic adenocarcinoma with lung metastases (PALM) from other pulmonary tumors with similar histologic features. In 16 cases, we found 3 predominant architectural patterns: microacinar (n = 10), tubulopapillary (ductal; n = 4), and carcinoid-like (n = 2). Characteristic features of PALM included small acinar and/or cribriform growth, frequent lymphangitic permeation, lack of stromal response, uniform round nuclei with prominent nucleoli, intraluminal blue mucin, and prominent cell borders. By immunohistochemical staining, prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific acid phosphatase were present in 13 of 14 and 13 of 13 cases, respectively. Metastatic prostatic duct adenocarcinoma exhibited morphologic features similar to metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma. Two cases had a carcinoid-like appearance with nested or solid architecture, parachromatin clearing, and prominent nucleoli, but lacked the finely stippled chromatin pattern of carcinoid tumors. Several features that may result in misinterpretation or lack of association of the neoplasm in the lung with a prostatic primary include lung metastasis preceding the detection of a prostatic primary tumor, solitary pulmonary nodule, tubulopapillary (ductal) or carcinoid-like pattern, scant material in which histologic features of metastatic prostate carcinoma are not fully appreciated, and frequent necrosis. Attention to specific discriminating histologic features, supported by immunohistochemical staining, may be useful in the differential diagnosis, which is therapeutically and prognostically critical.
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PMID:The morphologic spectrum of metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma to the lung: special emphasis on histologic features overlapping with other pulmonary neoplasms. 1193 29

Trioxifene (LY133314) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with competitive binding activity against estradiol for estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and antagonistic activity against ERalpha-mediated gene expression. The PAIII rat prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa) is an androgen receptor-negative, ERalpha- and ERbeta-positive, spontaneously metastatic rodent tumor cell line. After s.c. implantation of 10(6) PAIII cells in the tail, s.c. administration of trioxifene (2.0, 4.0, 20.0, or 40.0 mg/kg-day) for 30 days produced significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of PAIII metastasis from the primary tumor in the tail to the gluteal and iliac lymph nodes (maximum nodal weight decreases, 86% and 88% from control values, respectively). PAIII metastasis to the lungs was significantly inhibited by trioxifene treatment. Numbers of pulmonary foci in PAIII-bearing rats were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by trioxifene administration in a dose-related manner (maximal reduction, 98% from control values). Continual administration of the compound significantly (P < 0.05) extended survival of PAIII-bearing rats. Trioxifene inhibited the proliferation of PAIII cells at micromolar levels in vitro but did not slow growth of the primary tumor growth in the tail. Trioxifene administration also produced regression of male accessory sex organs. In PAIII-tumor-bearing animals, trioxifene administration produced a maximal regression of 76% for ventral prostate and 64% for seminal vesicle (P < 0.05 for both). SERMs may be preferable to estrogens given their efficacy in experimental PCa models and relative lack of side effects observed in clinical trials. Our data support the contention that trioxifene represents a SERM with potential antimetastatic efficacy for the treatment of androgen-independent, metastatic PCa.
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PMID:The selective estrogen receptor modulator trioxifene (LY133314) inhibits metastasis and extends survival in the PAIII rat prostatic carcinoma model. 1452 35


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