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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The thymidine labeling index (TLI) showed a lognormal distribution for 133 primary breast carcinomas with a median of 2.21 and a range of 0.04 to 18.6/100. High TLI's were associated significantly with nuclear anaplasia, pushing tumor border, necrosis, cellular inflammation, and total replacement of lymph nodes involved by tumor, and the data suggested an association of high TLI with large primary tumor and the presence of axillary metastasis. Five patients who initially had local or distant spread all had above median TLI's. They and the 38 patients who developed recurrent tumor during a mean interval of 3.2 years of observation after mastectomy showed a higher geometric mean TLI than those who remained tumor-free (2.93 versus 1.85; p less than 0.05). The rate of early relapse for operable patients with above-median TLI's was significantly greater than that for patients with below-median TLI's (p = 0.0018). High TLI appears to be associated with rapid evolution of breast carcinoma both prior to and following diagnosis and treatment.
Cancer Res 1979 Oct
PMID:Advanced stage and early relapse of breast carcinomas associated with high thymidine labeling indices. 47 41

A national multidisciplinary study of four major systems for the histological grading of primary prostatic cancer was completed during 1978. In a series of workshops culminating in a final review, criteria of grading were critically assessed against the background of patient survival data. The overall consensus was that the Gleason system should tentatively be adopted as the pathologic reference point for classifying patients. This system can be used in conjunction with other systems. It seems definable, reproducible, reasonably simple, and has clinical relevance as judged by correlations with patient survival. Further study may demonstrate advantages from incorporation of the nuclear or cytologic characteristics of tumor cells into the Gleason system. New techniques of acid phosphatase determination, bone scans, and assessment of the regional lymph nodes should provide better staging criteria for correlation with primary tumor histology in the furture. These workshops presented a unique opportunity for representative clinicians and pathologists in the United States to express their viewpoints in a comprehensive fashion on this timely and important topic.
Cancer 1979 Oct
PMID:A report of the workshops on the current status of the histologic grading of prostate cancer. 49 23

Bone marrow biopsies were taken from the posterior iliac crest in 532 women with unilateral breast cancer. Metastatic tumors were found in 10% of the biopsies. In a group with negative radiological examinations of the skeleton, the incidence of positive bone marrow biopsies was 1.6%. In a group with radiologically detectable metastases in the skeleton 28% of the biopsies were positive. In the latter group 43 out of 45 individuals with positive biopsies had negative x-rays of the pelvis. Histopathologically, 19% of the metastatic tumors were osteolytic, 65% were osteoblastic and 16% did not influence the bone structure. The fibrous reaction in and around the bone marrow tumors was similar to that found in the primary tumor. In 74% the morphological pattern was consistent throughout the biopsy, whereas in 26% the morphology was different in different parts of the biopsy. No specific histopathology was observed in the individuals with negative radiological examinations of the skeleton. Bone marrow biopsy of the posterior iliac crest does not seem to be helpful as a routine method in the initial staging of mammary carcinoma but may contribute to establish the degree of tumor spread in individuals with positive or suspicious x-ray of the skeleton.
Cancer 1979 Nov
PMID:Incidence and histopathology of metastases of mammary carcinoma in biopsies from the posterior iliac crest. 49 49

Permanent human tumor cell lines COLO 110, COLO 316, COLO 319, and COLO 330 were established from four patients with serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. COLO 110 was derived from primary tumor tissue; COLO 316, COLO 319, and COLO 330 were derived from cells in malignant effusions. COLO 110 and COLO 316 grew as monolayers of epithelioid cells in culture; COLO 319 and COLO 330 grew as vermiform, floating colonies of epithelioid cells in culture. Epithelial-like morphology was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. All four cell lines had marker chromosomes and double minute chromosomes. Giemsa banding revealed chromosomes 1, 3, 6, and 7 were involved in markers in all four lines, and chromosomes 2, 4, 5, 9, 11, and 15 were involved in markers in three of the cell lines. Marker chromosomes with possible homogeneous staining regions were observed in COLO 319. Estrone was elaborated by three of the lines, but neither chorionic gonadotropin, carcinoembryonic antigen, nor estrogen or progesterone receptor proteins were detected. Each cell line demonstrated a distinctive isozyme phenotype. These cell lines are maintained in active culture and in a cell bank for distribution to other investigators.
Cancer Res 1979 Nov
PMID:Comparison of four new cell lines from patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovary. 49 76

The antitumor activities of the cell wall skeleton (CWS) of Nocardia rubra were demonstrated for syngeneic fibrosarcoma (AMC-60) in ACI/N rats in regard to macrophage activation. In the 24-hr cytolytic test, activated macrophages which were fractionated from peritoneal exudate cells induced by i.p. injection of Nocardia CWS showed significant cytolytic activity for [125I]iododeoxyuridine-labeled tumor cells. Activated macrophages also strongly inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation into the tumor cells during the 24-hr cytostatic test. When tumor cells were inoculated s.c. with activated macrophages in the Winn-type transfer assay, subsequent tumor growth was significantly inhibited. Repeated i.p. injection of the CWS seemed to enhance these antitumor activities of macrophages. The therapeutic effect of Nocardia CWS was assessed with the ascites tumor and with the solid tumor inoculated i.m. into the hind leg. In the former treatment, repeated i.p. injections completely prevented the accumulation of ascites fluid and resulted in prolongation of the survival period. The peritoneal macrophages harvested from these survivors had a strong cytolytic activity for tumor cells in the cytolytic test. In the latter treatment, repeated intratumoral injections inhibited the growth of primary tumor and prevented metastasis. Furthermore, peritoneal resident macrophages from these tumor-bearing rats treated intratumorally with the CWS were found to be cytolytic for tumor cells in the cytolytic test.
Cancer Res 1979 Nov
PMID:Association of macrophage activation with antitumor effect on rat syngeneic fibrosarcoma by Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton. 49 96

This paper reviews clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of 199 cases of metastatic carcinoma of the neck with an occult primary, seen at the Cancer Control Agency of British Columbia from 1950-1975. In 35 patients a primary tumor was ultimately found, with the commonest location the nasopharynx. In a further 46 patients a primary was suspected on a clinical basis only. The other 118 cases remained occult. Therapeutic results of the whole series and individual groups are analyzed. Best survival was found in those in whom a primary source was ultimately demonstrated. Single, small, mobile cervical nodes had the best prognosis. Supraclavicular nodes indicated a poor prognosis and an even greater need to search for an infraclavicular primary. A comparative review of the literature is included.
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PMID:Occult primary of the head and neck. 50 79

Data from a series of 45 internal fixations for malignant secondary tumors of the humerus are analyzed. The tumors occurred late in the evolution of the cancer, and represented 24% of appendicular bone metastases for which operations were performed. Statistics of the patients, fractures, treatment, and results are presented and conclusions drawn. Prognosis should be related to the types of primary tumor. Blind nailing or pinning is recommended, and indications for preventive osteosynthesis are discussed.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of malignant secondary tumors of the humerus: report of 45 cases. 50 69

The diagnostic value of bone pain in 227 consecutive patients with known primary tumor was investigated and bone scans were obtained. Eighty-two of 130 patients with bone pain had metastases with positive scans. In contrast, 80 of 97 patients without pain did not have metastases and the scans were negative; 13, however, did have metastases and positive scans, and in 10 of these the lesions were osteoblastic. Osteoblastic metastases may not produce pain. In a group of 70 patients with bone pain of unknown origin or elevated phosphatase levels, bone scans were also obtained and evaluated. Only one had metastatic disease, 40 were negative, and 29 had positive scans due to benign disease. It is concluded that in the assessment of malignancies, bone pain is a good indication for bone scintigraphy, except in those patients with osteoblastic lesions. However, when malignant disease has not yet been established, bone pain is not a reliable indication for scanning and radiographic examination is the initial examination of choice.
Cancer 1979 Dec
PMID:The influence of bone pain on the results of bone scans. 50 88

A 50-year-old man with clinical signs of meningeal carcinomatosis is described in whom cerebrospinal fluid cells suspected of malignancy were found. A chromosome analysis confirmed malignancy and also indicated the origin of the primary tumor.
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PMID:Chromosome analysis in meningeal carcinomatosis. 52 57

This paper is based on 21 patients with metastases of the choroid from extraocular tumors, observed over a period of 25 years (1952--1977) at Erlangen University Eye Clinic. Approximately 70% of these relatively rare metastases of the choroid are caused by cancer of the breast. Ophthalmoscopically, they are usually localized to the left of the posterior pole and are yellowish. In about 20% of the cases both eyes are affected. Since breast cancer is the most frequent cause of the primary tumor, women in the 40 to 60 age group are the most common sufferers. On the other hand, it is worth mentioning that in 2 cases the metastases were the first signs of any type of malignancy. Typical is the relatively flat, shell-like growth. In cytological specimens the portion of the retina covering the tumor normally shows no evidence of cystic degenerative change, in contrast to malignant melanoma. In view of the short average life expectancy of about 9 months, therapy should consist in preserving the eye and thus some degree of vision. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy or cytostatic therapy whould be tried. Enucleation is only indicated where there is severe pain, secondary glaucoma, amaurosis or if it is impossible to differentiate from a malignant melanoma.
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PMID:[Tumor metastases of the choroid: clinical picture and histology (author's transl)]. 54 92


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