Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using the method for receptor determination recommended by the EORTC breast, cancer group we found 33.8% of our tissue specimen experimentally estradiol sensitive. No relation could be seen between receptor binding ability of the tumor tissues and lymph node involvement, tumor histology, clinical stages of the disease and menopausal state of the patients, respectively. In most cases primary tumor tissues and tissues of invaded lymph nodes show a corresponding behaviour in relation to estradiol uptake. The differences observed in the effects of various antiestrogenic substances on estradiol binding ability can not be explained at present.
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PMID:Estradiol receptor activity in tissues of human breast cancer. 17 18

The fine structure of a pineal germinoma was studied in tissue blocks and in tissue culture. The original tumor contained large primary tumor cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, and astrocytes. The large primary tumor cells were characterized by large nuclei, relatively scanty organelles, abundant glycogen, and junctional complexes. The neoplasm grew well in vitro and, with the exception of plasma cells, contained the same cell types found in vivo. The ultrastructural characteristics of the cells in vivo and in vitro were similar. In culture there were few large primary tumor cells. Macrophages, often involved in active phagocytosis, were prominent in the original tumor and were the most common cell type found in vitro. A tumor-associated immune response is postulated in this neoplasm.
Cancer 1976 Jan
PMID:Ultrastructural study of the pineal germinoma in vivo and in vitro. 17

A stable cell line (MCF-7), derived from a pleural effusion of a patient with metastatic breast carcinoma, was maintained in these laboratories for more than 3 years in conventional monolayer culture. To further characterize the tumor origin of the MCF-7 line, cells were grown on collagen-coated cellulos sponges. On the three-dimensional sponge matrix, the cells formed clusters, ductlike structures, and lumina similar to the patterns observed in the antecedent primary tumor and in the pleural metastasis. The similarity between the original tumor and the cells grown in sponge suggested that the MCF-7 cells did in fact retain the potential to express the histologic patterns of tumor, even in the absence of stroma support. This study confirmed the utility of sponge culture for the investigation of the retention of tumor characteristics by cultured cells of neoplastic origin.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1976 Feb
PMID:Reexpression of the original tumor pattern by a human breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7) in sponge culture. 17 83

A 63-year-old man was found to have an intracerebral glioblastoma multiforme and preoperative roentgenographic evidence of a mass in the middle lobe of the right lung. Because of the rarity of extraneural metastases from glioblastoma, especially in the absence of prior surgery, the lesions were considered to be separate neoplasms until death. The histologic appearance of the lung tumor obtained at autopsy was identical to the cerebral tumor. Additional metastases were found to bronchial lymph nodes and a lumbar vertebra. This case demonstrates that a glioblastoma can spontaneously metastasize extraneurally. Invasion of the glioblastoma into the lumen of a blood vessel was demonstrated within the primary tumor. Embolization of cells to the lung and beyond is the suspected mode of spread.
Cancer 1976 Mar
PMID:Glioblastoma multiforme with extraneural metastases in the absence of previous surgery. 17 71

Small tumor cell foci, whether left in situ during primary surgical excision or escaping lethal radiation damage, as well as distant metastases, are the primary reason for treatment failure in man and are the proper targets for the chemotherapist and immunotherapist. Since cure probably requires reduction of the total body burden of tumor cells to very small numbers (possibly to less than one cell), and since first-order kinetics of tumor cell kill by drugs appears to be a natural law in cancer chemotherapy, drug treatment should be started as soon as possible after likely noncurative primary treatment with surgery or radiation. Current knowledge of tumor cell population growth kinetics indicates that the growth fraction (viable tumor cells undergoing active cell replication) is inversely related to population size. Tumor cells in micrometastases should, therefore, be more sensitive to anticancer drugs active against anabolizing cells than are tumor cells in the larger, grossly apparent primary tumor from which they were derived. This indicates the probability that micrometastases will be effectively responsive to more drugs than is the primary and clinically apparent tumor from which they came. Studies with at least four metastatic and uniformly fatal murine solid tumors (lung, breast, colon, and melanoma) have demonstrated significantly improved cure rates with drug treatment following surgical removal of the grossly apparent primary tumor than can be obtained with either surgery or drug treatment when used alone. Further, both disease staging and drug dosage have been shown to influence cure rates of combined-modality treatment. With several mouse tumors, a significantly smaller number of viable tumor cells can establish lethal tumors in the presence of radiation-inactivated tumor cells than in their absence. This suggests that small numbers of residual viable tumor cells in radiation-treated tumor sites may be a greater threat to clinical cure than smaller tumor cell populations remaining in situ after surgery.
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PMID:Concepts for treatment of micrometastases developed in murine systems. 17 96

Cystosarcoma phylloides (c.p.) is a rare fibroepithelial neoplasm of the mammary gland exhibiting considerable histological variations ranging from the aspect of hypercellular fibroadenoma to that of pleomorphic sarcoma. In this study, 58 cases of c.p. were graded according to their histology into 3 groups of increasing malignancy-benign tumors: 23 cases (42%), borderline tumors: 16 cases (27%) and malignant tumors: 18 cases (31%). Their clinical properties and evolution have been compared. These tumors were found exclusively in women, most often during the 5th and 6th decade of life (age range from 19 to 81 years). In two thirds of the cases, the history of the disease was shorter than 6 months. The symptoms were generally scant. Only in 2 cases were severe local lesions observed. The postoperative clinical course has been followed for at least 5 years in 32 instances. Recurrences were observed in 5 patients, the histology being as a rule the same as that of the primary tumor. The 12 patients with benign tumors are well 5 years or more after operation. One of the patients presenting a malignant tumor died of lung embolism soon after mastectomy. 2 out of 10 patients with borderline tumors died within 6 years with metastases of the mammary tumor. Our analysis confirms the experience that c.p. are relatively benign but often recurring neoplasms that rarely disseminate. As far as prognosis and treatment are concerned, tumors of questionable dignity should be considered malignant. To avoid such vague terms as "benign or malignant c.p." we support OBERMANN'S suggested separation of c.p. into "cellular fibroadenoma" and "periductal fribrosarcoma". Wide local excision for small and benign tumors is recommended. All other forms require simple mastectomy. Prophylactic dissection of the axillary lymph nodes is not necessary as these tumors usually disseminate hematogenously. Roentgen therapy or chemotherapeutic agents are not useful in treatment.
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PMID:[Cystosarcoma phylloides of the breast. Analysis of 58 cases]. 17 36

A chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of BCNU, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and procarbazine was evaluated in 43 patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung. The majority of patients received radiation therapy of the primary tumor, but chemotherapy alone was utilized in a group of patients with widely disseminated disease. In addition to thorough staging with radioisotope scans and bone marrow biopsies, a study of calcitonin and histaminase as biochemical markers was performed. The BCVP chemotherapy resulted in a complete and partial response rate of 53% when given alone or in conjunction with radiotherapy. The survival data are preliminary, but the complete responders do have a statistically significant better survival (mean of + -95 days) than the partial responders and nonresponders. Hypercalcitonemia was not detected in our patients, but elevated histaminase activity was found in eight of 24 patients with small cell carcinoma and in only one of 19 patients with squamous and large cell carcinoma.
Cancer 1976 Sep
PMID:Management of small cell carcinoma of the lung: therapy, staging, and biochemical markers. 18 55

The records of all patients in whom a mastectomy was performed for carcinoma of the breast at this clinic during a recent two year period were reviewed, and the gross specimens were re-examined to study the incidence of cancerous involvement of the nipple and areola and related local clinical findings. Cancer was present in the nipple or areola, or both, in 12.2 per cent of the specimens. When the nipple and areola were clinically normal, involvement of the nipple and areola by carcinoma was rare if the primary tumor was less than 2 centimeters in diameter and was not situated behind the areola.
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PMID:Involvement of the nipple and areola in carcinoma of the breast. 18 96

Thirty-four cases of adenoid cyctic carcinoma seen at the University of Virginia Hospital from 1946 to 1974 were reviewed, with special emphasis on lymph node involvement by tumor. Lymph node involvement was found in three cases of primary tumors of the submaxillary gland, and all of the affected lymph nodes were in the immediate vicinity of the primary tumor. Two lymph nodes were involved in two of the cases, and one node was involved in the third case. In all of these lymph nodes, adenoid cystic carcinoma was present in the soft tissue surrounding the node, and the tumor extended into the node. No metastatic tumors were observed in 46 lymph nodes removed incidentally at the time of local excision of the primary tumors in 10 additional cases or in 212 lymph nodes examined after unilateral radical neck dissections in six other cases. Five autopsies in this series showed no lymph node metastases. In this series of cases adenoid cystic carcinoma only invades lymph nodes in the immediate vicinity of the primary tumor. When lymph node involvement does occur, it does not result from embolic lymph node metastasis; rather, a direct invasion of the lymph node from tumor in the perinodal soft tissue occurs. Obviously, this small study does not completely exclude the possibility of embolic metastasis; however, if it does occur, it must be extremely rare.
Cancer 1976 Nov
PMID:Lymph node involvement by direct extension in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Absence of classic embolic lymph node metastasis. 18 76

In inbred guinea pigs, administration of Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG by scarification at a site distant from an excised skin tumor, but in the regional lymph node drainage, was evaluated for its immunotherapeutic effect on the development of lymph node metastases. Scarification was performed after surgical excision of intradermally transplanted syngeneic (line-10) hepatocarcinoma at a time when microscopic foci of tumor cells were present in regional lymph nodes. Various strains of BCG were evaluated for their immunotherapeutic potential: fresh-frozen Phipps, Pasteur, and Tice; and lyophilized Pasteur, Tice, and Connaught. Scarification commenced 3 days after surgical removal of the tumor and continued once a week for 5 weeks. Only lymph nodes from fresh-frozen Phipps- and Pasteur-scarified animals were significantly smaller than those in the control groups. Differences in lymph node weight correlated histologically with less detectable metastases. This cytostatic effect was short lived; eventually, the metastatic tumor growth was not significantly different from that of control animals. No significant differences were observed in mean survival time: All animals died as a result of metastases 3 months after tumor inoculation. These results demonstrated that limited scarification with BCG of certain strains temporarily inhibits the growth and proliferation of metastases in regional lymph nodes after removal of the primary tumor.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1976 May
PMID:Evaluation of BCG administered by scarification for immunotherapy of metastatic hepatocarcinoma in the guinea pig. 18 11


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