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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The actin cytoskeleton is involved in the motility of tumor cells. It has been shown in several cell types that beta-actin mRNA is localized in the protrusions of cells in which actin is actively polymerized, and the ability to localize mRNA is correlated with the efficiency of motility. In this context, we studied the distribution of beta-actin mRNA in two different tumor cell lines and correlated it with their metastatic potential. The two cell lines used were the highly metastatic MTLn3 cells and nonmetastatic MTC cells. Nonmetastatic MTC cells have two different pools of beta-actin mRNA (perinuclear and at the leading edge), whereas highly metastatic MTLn3 cells have only a perinuclear distribution of beta-actin mRNA. These differences in mRNA localization are correlated with profound differences in the polarity and plasticity of cell motility of these cells in culture and the histopathology of primary breast tumors derived from these cells. In particular, MTLn3 cells are unpolarized by all cell shape and motility criteria in culture and in their histopathological organization in primary tumors. By comparison, MTC cells are polarized in all identical measurements. These results suggest that the increased plasticity of cell locomotion and the invasiveness of MTLn3 cells result from the failure of metastatic cells to localize beta-actin mRNA properly, causing them to be less polarized and therefore more flexible in their direction of motility. Thus, differences in the polarized organization of cells in the primary tumor that are correlated with beta-actin mRNA localization may have prognostic value in predicting metastatic potential.
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PMID:Correlation of beta-actin messenger RNA localization with metastatic potential in rat adenocarcinoma cell lines. 1009 48

Detailed evaluation of all steps in tumor cell metastasis is critical for evaluating the cell mechanisms controlling metastasis. Using green fluorescent protein transfectants of metastatic (MTLn3) and nonmetastatic (MTC) cell lines derived from the rat mammary adenocarcinoma 13762 NF, we have measured tumor cell density in the blood, individual tumor cells in the lungs, and lung metastases. Correlation of blood burden with lung metastases indicates that entry into the circulation is a critical step for metastasis. To examine cell behavior during intravasation, we have used green fluorescent protein technology to view these cells in time lapse images within a single optical section using a confocal microscope. In vivo imaging of the primary tumors of MTLn3 and MTC cells indicates that both metastatic and nonmetastatic cells are motile and show protrusive activity. However, metastatic cells show greater orientation toward blood vessels and larger numbers of host cells within the primary tumor, whereas nonmetastatic cells fragment when interacting with vessels. These results demonstrate that a major difference in intravasation between metastatic and nonmetastatic cells is detected in the primary tumor and illustrate the value of a direct visualization of cell properties in vivo for dissection of the metastatic process.
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PMID:A critical step in metastasis: in vivo analysis of intravasation at the primary tumor. 1081 Nov 32

This retrospective investigation was undertaken to clarify the pattern of nodal metastasis in papillary (PTC) and medullary (MTC) thyroid carcinoma. Nodal metastases are associated with recurrence of both PTCs and MTCs. The extent of lymph node dissection is controversial owing to the lack of reliable diagnostic criteria for nodal metastases other than histopathology. Between November 1994 and October 1999 a total of 296 patients (134 PTCs, 162 MTCs) underwent total thyroidectomy in conjunction with a standard resection of at least the cervicocentral lymph node compartment. Of 10,446 sampled lymph nodes, 1641 were positive. All nodes were related to their respective cervicomediastinal compartments. The ipsilateral cervicolateral compartment was involved almost as often as the cervicocentral compartment in primary PTC (29% vs. 32%), reoperative PTC (21% vs. 37%), primary MTC (34% vs. 34%), and reoperative MTC (49% vs. 65%). The contralateral cervicolateral and mediastinal compartments were more rarely affected, and were least affected in the primary setting. From these data was derived an individualized surgical strategy for PTC and MTC. This concept rests on the joint resection of cervicocentral and ipsilateral cervicolateral compartments. Depending on tumor entity, surgical status, and primary tumor diameter, additional compartments may have to be cleared.
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PMID:Pattern of nodal metastasis for primary and reoperative thyroid cancer. 1189 29

An unselected population of 635 consecutive extragonadal GCT patients (EGCT) treated between 1975 through 1996 at 11 cancer centers was retrospectively evaluated for clinical prognosis and biological features of this disease. Five hundred twenty-four patients (83%) had a nonseminomatous GCT, and 104 patients (16%) a seminomatous histology; 341 (54%) patients had a primary mediastinal EGCT, and 283 patients (45%) a retroperitoneal EGCT. Following platinum based induction chemotherapy+/-secondary surgery, 141 patients (49%) with mediastinal nonseminomas (median follow up period: 19 months) and 144 patients (63%) with retroperitoneal nonseminoma (median follow up period: 29 months) are alive [p=0.0006]. In contrast, the overall survival rate for patients with seminomatous EGCT is 88% with no difference between patients with mediastinal or retroperitoneal tumor location (median follow up period: 49 months). Multivariate analysis revealed nonseminomatous histology, the presence of non-pulmonary visceral metastases, primary mediastinal GCT location, and elevated beta-HCG as independent prognostic factors for shorter survival. Sixteen patients (4.1%) developed a metachronous testicular cancer despite the use of platinum based chemotherapy. The cumulative risk of developing a MTC 10-years after a diagnosis of EGCT was 10.3% (95% CI=4.9 to 15.6%), but higher among patients with nonseminomatous EGCT (14.3%; 95% CI=6.7 to 21.9%) or retroperitoneal EGCT location (14.2%; 95% CI=5.6 to 22.8%) than among patients with seminomatous EGCT (1.4%; 95% CI=0.0 to 4.2) or mediastinal EGCT location (6.2%; 95% CI=0.1 to 12.2). After a median follow-up of 51 months (range=1 to 154 months), all 16 MTC patients were alive without disease. Patients with pure seminomatous EGCT histology have a long term chance of cure of almost 90% irrespective of the primary tumor site. Patients with mediastinal nonseminomas have a five-years survival rate of 45%. This outcome is clearly inferior compared to patients with nonseminomatous retroperitoneal primaries who have a five-year survival rate of 62%.
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PMID:Extragonadal germ cell tumors: relation to testicular neoplasia and management options. 1275 35

Two-dimensional isoelectric focusing and gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry were used to detect, measure, and identify changes in protein expression correlated with differences in the metastatic potential of cultured rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells. MTC is a non-metastatic cell clone derived from a primary tumor. MTLn2 and MTLn3 are low and high metastatic potential cell clones derived from lung metastases of the primary tumor. A total of 1,500 proteins was detected. The patterns of protein expression of MTLn2 and MTLn3 cells were similar. Only five spots had a threefold or greater statistically significant difference in staining intensity between MTLn2 and MTLn3 cells, whereas 70 spots differed between MTC and MTLn3 cells. Twenty spots were selected for further study, ten that had a positive correlation of staining intensity with metastatic potential and ten that had a negative (inverse) correlation. Of the 17 unique proteins that were identified, five have often been cited as tumor biomarkers. These included the positive biomarkers nucleophosmin (NPM) and 14-3-3 protein sigma and the negative biomarkers raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), peroxiredoxin-2, and galectin-1. The only identified protein that was markedly higher in MTLn3 cells than in the less-metastatic MTLn2 cells was 14-3-3 protein sigma. The results indicate that increased metastatic potential is associated with positive and negative changes in expression of particular proteins. Proteins that are positively correlated with metastatic potential may prove more useful as clinical biomarkers, but those with negative correlations may still provide useful information about underlying mechanisms of metastatic spread.
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PMID:Biomarkers of metastatic potential in cultured adenocarcinoma clones. 2110 27

To study high-frequency ultrasound features and pathological characteristics of medullary thyroid carcinoma (medullary thyroid carcinoma, MTC) with the purpose to improve the diagnostic accuracy of this disease. The clinical data of 20 cases of patients with MTC confirmed by the clinical surgery were retrospectively analyzed. And the high-frequency ultrasound features were analyzed and compared with the pathological characteristics. There were 16 cases with tumor invasion into one side of the thyroid gland; 17 cases with tumor in the middle-upper pole of the thyroid gland. And 8 cases were detected with uneven echo of high frequency ultrasound appearance and pathological manifestations of cystic degeneration to necrosis seen under the light microscope or normal thyroid tissue within part of the lump. 16 cases were tested with even echo of high frequency ultrasound appearance, and tumor cells were formed in the solid and block-like shape under the light microscope. And 18 cases were manifested with low echo, with proliferation of fibrous tissue within the intercellular substance under the light microscope. 18 cases could be seen the calcification points and often amyloid-like content deposited in the intercellular substance seen under the light microscope. In addition, the pathological manifestations of the 8 cases combined with lymph node metastasis were the "lash tumor" of the metastatic lymph nodes and primary tumor. MTC was commonly located in the middle-upper region of the thyroid gland and in one leaf of the thyroid gland, combined with lymph node metastasis. The high frequency ultrasound appearance was the even low-echo tumor in round or quasi-circular shape, with obscure boundary and often combined with rough calcification. High frequency ultrasound could be used as the prior physical diagnostic method for medullary thyroid carcinoma.
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PMID:High frequency ultrasound features and pathological characteristics of medullary thyroid carcinoma. 2816 64


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