Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: UMLS:C0677481 (
urinary frequency
)
1,126
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
When bacteria enter the bladder lumen, a first-stage active defensive mechanism flushes them out. Although
urinary frequency
induced by bacterial cystitis is a well-known defensive response against bacteria, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, using a mouse model of acute bacterial cystitis, we demonstrate that the bladder urothelium senses luminal extracellular bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through
Toll-like receptor 4
and releases the transmitter ATP. Moreover, analysis of purinergic P2X
2
and P2X
3
receptor-deficient mice indicated that ATP signaling plays a pivotal role in the LPS-induced activation of L6-S1 spinal neurons through the bladder afferent pathway, resulting in rapid onset of the enhanced micturition reflex. Thus, we revealed a novel defensive mechanism against bacterial infection via an epithelial-neural interaction that induces
urinary frequency
prior to bacterial clearance by neutrophils of the innate immune system. Our results indicate an important defense role for the bladder urothelium as a chemical-neural transducer, converting bacterial LPS information into neural signaling via an ATP-mediated pathway, with bladder urothelial cells acting as sensory receptor cells.
...
PMID:Bladder urothelium converts bacterial lipopolysaccharide information into neural signaling via an ATP-mediated pathway to enhance the micturition reflex for rapid defense. 3327 25
