Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0677481 (urinary frequency)
 1,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An oral chronic toxicity study of propiverine hydrochloride (P-4), a new anti-pollakiuria agent, was carried out at dose levels of 0 (control), 0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg/day using male and female rats. They were treated for 52 weeks, followed by 5 weeks recovery period. The results obtained from the present study were as follows. 1. There were no deaths related to P-4. Mydriasis, transitory salivation were observed in both sexes receiving 50 mg/kg/day, and soil of the abdomen was also noted in females receiving 50 mg/kg/day. 2. Body weight gain was suppressed from initiation of administration in both sexes receiving 50 mg/kg/day. 3. There were no significant or remarkable changes in food consumption, hematology and ophthalmology. 4. Urinary findings in animals receiving 50 mg/kg/day showed increases of urine and potassium excretion volumes and decrease of urine osmotic pressure in both sexes, negativity of urine protein and decrease of urobilinogen value in females. 5. Biochemical findings in animals receiving 50 mg/kg/day showed increase of urea-nitrogen (Urea N) in both sexes and decrease of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T. cho), free cholesterol (F. cho), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and phospholipid (PL) in males. 6. The absolute and/or relative weights of the liver increased in animals receiving 50 mg/kg/day. Histopathological examination in animals receiving 50 mg/kg/day revealed intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions and cytoplasmic eosinophilic substance in renal proximal tubular epithelium and midzonal lipid droplets in liver. Histochemical examination in animals receiving 50 mg/kg/day revealed the slight increase of gamma-GTP positive area in peripheral zone of liver. Electron-microscopic examination in animals receiving 50 mg/kg/day revealed intranuclear and intracellular large and homogeneous spherical-like structure with low electron density in renal proximal tubular epithelium, and slight hyperplasia of smooth endoplasmic reticulum with dilatation of cisternae and deposition of large lipid droplets in hepatocytes, but there was no difference of VLDL and its distributions in hepatocytes among groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Fifty-two-week oral chronic toxicity study of propiverine hydrochloride in rats]. 239 80

A subacute toxicity study of propiverine hydrochloride (P-4), a new anti-pollakiuria agent, was carried out using male and female Wistar rats. P-4 was orally administered to rats at dose levels of 2, 10, 50 and 150 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks, followed by 5 weeks recovery period. The results obtained are as follows: 1. In the general conditions, transient salivation was observed immediately after administration and blotted fur at lower abdomen was noted in rats given 50 mg/kg/day or more. There were no deaths related to P-4. 2. Body weight gain was depressed in males given 50 mg/kg/day or more and females given 150 mg/kg/day. No significant changes in food consumption were observed. Water consumption increased in the groups of 50 mg/kg/day or more. 3. Urinalysis revealed an increase of urine volume, decreases of osmotic pressure, protein and urobilinogen, and a slight increase in excretion of electrolyte in rats given 50 mg/kg/day or more. 4. Hematological examinations revealed slight changes such as an increase in erythrocyte count and a shortening of APTT in rats given 150 mg/kg/day. 5. Serum biochemical examinations showed a decrease in triglyceride and increases in gamma-GTP and AlP activities, and urea nitrogen in males given 50 mg/kg/day or more and females given 150 mg/kg/day. Additionally, decreases in total and free cholesterol, and phospholipid for males and an increase of total cholesterol and a decrease of cholinesterase activity for females were detected. 6. At autopsy, atrophy of thymus and spleen was observed in rats given 50 mg/kg/day or more, but without histopathological correlation. Histopathological examinations revealed hypertrophy and fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, which were accompanied with increases of absolute and/or relative liver weight, in males given 50 mg/kg/day or more and females given 150 mg/kg/day. Electron-microscopy showed proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the same groups. In the kidney, eosinophilic and intranuclear inclusions in the tubular epithelium were detected, in which cytoplasm there were no toxic injuries, in males given 10 mg/kg/day or more and females given 50 mg/kg/day or more. 7. After 5 weeks recovery period, above-mentioned changes were generally disappeared, suggesting that these were reversible. 8. The non-effective dose levels and the toxic dose levels of P-4 were estimated to be 2 mg/kg/day for males and 10 mg/kg/day for females, and 50 mg/kg/day for males and 150 mg/kg/day for females, respectively.
 ...
PMID:[Thirteen-week oral toxicity study of propiverine hydrochloride in rats]. 260 52

After routine cryptorchid castration, a 2-year-old Thoroughbred colt was admitted 72 hours later because of depression, abdominal distention, and pollakiuria, with production of small quantities of urine. A diagnosis of a ruptured bladder was made on the basis of a large volume of abdominal fluid and a disparity between the urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations in the serum (70 mg/dl and 8.4 mg/dl, respectively) and in the abdominal fluid (154 mg/dl and 43 mg/dl, respectively). The colt had undergone surgical correction of a ruptured urinary bladder at 4 days of age, and a 5-cm tear through one of the previous scars was identified and repaired during exploratory celiotomy. The previous injury to the bladder was extensive and may have left an inherent weakness in the bladder wall. Evidence of adhesion formation or urethral obstruction was not found. The combination of a full bladder and the trauma associated with induction of anesthesia may have contributed to the recurrence of bladder rupture.
 ...
PMID:Urinary bladder rupture in a two-year-old horse: sequel to a surgically repaired neonatal injury. 288 12

Fifty-five cases of interstitial cystitis are reported, symptomatology in these 43 women and 12 men being of a severe nature: diurnal and nocturnal pollakiuria, supra-pubic pain. Disorders were always permanent and had been present for at least 6 months, diagnosis being confirmed by endoscopy. Initial bladder filling demonstrated the most important lesions (Hunner's ulcer) and allowed determination of bladder capacity. Decompression and a repeat vesical repletion showed mucosal hemorrhagic spots, establishing the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. Biopsy forceps were used to obtain fragments of bladder wall for optical microscopy in all cases and electron microscopy in several patients. Histologic findings were compared with two control groups: a group of 30 patients with pollakiuria and dysuria but absence of hemorrhage during bladder distention; a group of 9 patients operated upon for other lesions and with normal bladders. Extracellular deposits were searched for in freshly frozen fragments (liquid nitrogen) in 10 patients, while 24 patients underwent immunologic tests. Finally electron microscopy was used to study vesical epithelium to detect epithelial cell junction. In contrary, optical microscopy by immuno-histochemistry was used to study cytoskeletal keratin filaments. Two groups in this series were distinguished: one with major forms (18 cases) and one with minor forms (37 cases) of the affection. In major forms, affecting elderly patients with reduced bladder capacity, lesions on endoscopy and first distention were apparent as Hunner's ulcer and hemorrhage covering the non-ulcerated mucosa with petechiae. Initial distention in minor forms showed normal mucosa with, on decompression and repeat distention, the appearance of hemorrhagic sub-mucosal spots in the mobile bladder structures.
 ...
PMID:[Interstitial cystitis. Current aspects]. 653 May 58

Overnight nasogastric tube feeding allows the patient freedom for normal daytime activities and exercise, essential components of rehabilitation. In order to avoid disturbed nights through frequent micturition we have kept the volume of feed to a minimum. Two types of feed have been used: 1. A supplementary isosmolar feed containing 1000 kCals in 1 litre. 2. A concentrated low volume (404 mosm/kg) feed supplying 1800 kCals including 60 g of nitrogen in 1 litre. Both were delivered via a fine bore tube (internal diameter 1 mm) by continuous infusion from a 1-1.5 litre reservoir using a rotary pump. Feed 1 was given to 64 undernourished elderly female patients (group 1) with fractured neck of femur, the tube being tolerated by 78%; 47 patients in this group were fed for more than 5 days. Feed 2 was given to 10 patients in hospital (group 2) and 8 patients at home (group 3). Few side effects were encountered, the hyperosmolar feed causing no diarrhoea, nausea or hyperglycaemia, emphasising the importance of osmoles per unit time rather than per unit volume. Voluntary oral intake was neither impaired nor increased during the period of tube feeding in group 1, in whom anorexia and thinness were longstanding. In group 2, with recent onset of anorexia and weight loss, tube feeding disinhibited appetite, resulting in a doubling of voluntary oral intake. Improvement in anthropometric and biochemical nutritional parameters was seen in all patients. Clinical improvements e.g. closure of fistulae were also observed. This paper describes the results of our trial of both these options in patients treated in hospital or at home.
 ...
PMID:Overnight nasogastric tube feeding. 1683 97