Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677481 (urinary frequency)
 1,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) is one of the main complaints in clinics for women. The pain is often accompanied by other symptoms such as headache, nausea, constipation or diarrhea, urinary frequency, and vomiting which often leave the patients incapacitated for work or school for a few days. Dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been shown to alleviate the menstrual pain. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of dietary supplementation with PUFA (sunflower seed oil, borage oil and fish oil concentrate) for three months on RBC membrane fatty acid composition in healthy and dysmenorrheica young women. Conversion of linoleic acid, via gamma-linolenic acid, to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (a precursor of anti-inflammatory prostaglandin E1) in dysmenorrheic subjects as compared to the controls was slower whereas the level of arachidonic acid (a precursor of pro-inflammatory PGE2) was not affected by the supplementation. Since there are no known side-effects associated with supplementation of these nutrients, management of dysmenorrhea through nutrition modulation should be an acceptable alternative to drug treatments.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2008
PMID:Metabolism of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in women with dysmenorrhea. 1829 41

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are both novel and second-line therapies in type 2 diabetes mellitus, yet no well-rounded comparison of these two drugs has been published. Upon searching randomized controlled trials in databases from inception to July 2018, we collected studies on the efficacy or safety of SGLT-2 inhibitors compared with those of DPP-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 12 randomized controlled studies including 4342 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors achieved greater reductions in HbA1c (SMD -0.22; 95% CI: -0.30, -0.14; p=0.000) and fasting plasma glucose (SMD -0.48; 95% CI: -0.56, -0.41; p=0.000). In addition, these reductions increased with a prolonged treatment duration from 12 to 78 weeks. Geographically, significant reductions of SGLT-2 inhibitors in HbA1c and FPG were found in North America and Europe, but not in Asia. Furthermore, SGLT-2 inhibitors showed greater reductions in body weight (SMD -0.72; 95% CI: -0.81, -0.63; p=0.000) from baseline, with an increased incidence of genital infections (OR 4.49; 95% CI: 2.96, 6.83; p=0.000) and pollakiuria (OR 2.24; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.79; p=0.037) and a decreased incidence of hypertension and hyperglycemia. Overall, the current meta-analysis demonstrated that compared to DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors have beneficial effects on HbA1c, FPG, body weight, SBP, DBP, and HDL-cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, SGLT-2 inhibitors are associated with increased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and a higher incidence of genital infections and pollakiuria.
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PMID:SGLT-2 Inhibitors and DPP-4 Inhibitors as Second-Line Drugs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. 3026 27