Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677481 (urinary frequency)
 1,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-eight workers from a factory producing nickel-cadmium and other types of batteries came to us for medical evaluation. They included 21 women and 17 men (seniority 2-20 years, age range 31-63 years), and represented a self-selected subset of 700-900 ever-employed and 200+ recently or currently employed workers in the factory. Thirty-four worked on the nickel-cadmium assembly line. Symptoms and signs included: headache in 34; weakness, fatigue and lassitude in 26; dizziness in 16; pruritus and skin eruptions in 37; gingivitis, teeth loss and caries in 34; nasal congestion, nosebleeds and anosmia in 30; cough, phlegm production, wheezing and shortness of breath in 26; "asthma" in 14; bone pain in 18; urinary frequency, beta 2 microglobulinuria and kidney stones in 17; and sterility or multiple abortions (33) in 8 of 21 women. One additional patient had died from an "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like syndrome", while CT scans in six workers revealed brain atrophy. One other worker had leukemia, and two had died from cancer (lung and pancreas). Those who had worked for more than 10 years had more symptoms and signs than shorter-term employees, especially neurological illness, bone pain and urinary tract problems, including beta 2 microglobulinuria. Past blood and urinary cadmium levels were in the range of 1.6-8.7 micrograms/dl and 8-306 micrograms/l, respectively. Our findings indicated that: a) health risks for workers were not confined to the nickel-cadmium assembly line or to older workers, b) hazardous exposures still existed and illness appeared in new workers after a clean-up and intervention program, and c) exposures involved increased risks for renal disease and cancers. Finally, there is a need to control exposures and determine health risks in the full cohort of those ever employed, in the workers' children, and in the surrounding environment (air, ground, water) due to the dumping of waste from the plant.
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PMID:Medical findings in nickel-cadmium battery workers. 142 13

Oral single-dose and 13-week repeat-dose toxicity studies of (+/-)-4-ethylamino-1, 1-dimethylbut-2-yn-1-yl 2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate monohydrochloride (RCC-36), an active metabolite of (+/-)-4-diethylamino-1,1-dimethylbut-2-yn-1-yl 2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate monohydrochloride monohydrate (NS-21), a new drug for the treatment of urinary frequency and incontinence, were conducted in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. In the single-dose toxicity study, rats were given the drug at doses of 0 (control), 400, 600, 900, 1350 and 2030 mg/kg. In the 13-week repeat-dose toxicity study, rats were given the drug for 13 weeks at doses of 0 (control), 3, 30 and 300 mg/kg. After discontinuation of the treatment, a 5-week recovery test was also conducted. In the single-dose toxicity study, death occurred in the 600 mg/kg group and over, and LD50 values were 735 mg/kg in both sexes. The major clinical signs observed following the administration of this drug were mydriasis, salivation, decreased spontaneous locomotor activity, ataxic gait, lacrimation and urorrhea in the 400 mg/kg group and over, hypopnea and soft feces in the 600 mg/kg group and over. In addition, prone or lateral position and tonic or clonic convulsion were observed in the dead animals. Rats showed a decrease in body weight or a suppression of its weight gain in the 400 mg/kg group and over. Macroscopic findings in the dead animals were congestion in lung and retention of foamy mucinous fluid in trachea. The animals alive showed no abnormalities attributable to the treatment. In the 13-week repeat-dose toxicity study, 13 cases of death occurred in the 300 mg/kg group. Main pathological findings in these cases were congestion and edema in lung. Mydriasis was seen in the 30 mg/kg group and over. Lacrimation, salivation, wheezing, emaciation [corrected] wasting and unkempt fur were seen in the 300 mg/kg. A suppression of body weight gain and a decrease in food consumption were observed in the 300 mg/kg group. An increase in water consumption was seen in the 30 and 300 mg/kg groups. Ophthalmologic examination confirmed the mydriasis in the 30 mg/kg group and over. Urinalysis showed an increase in urine volume and a decrease in Na+ excretion in the 30 and 300 mg/kg groups and decreases in K+ and Cl- excretions in the 300 mg/kg group. Hematological examination showed decreases in hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV and MCH, and an increase in MCHC in the 300 mg/kg group. Blood chemical examination showed decreases in triglyceride and glucose, and an increase in total protein in the 300 mg/kg group. Pathological examination disclosed hepatocellular hypertrophy associated with hyperplasia of smooth-ER, a decrease in number of glycogen granules and an increase in number of lipofuscin in the 300 mg/kg group. Stimulated thyroid follicles were seen in the 300 mg/kg/group. In kidney, an increase in number of hyaline droplets in the proximal tubular epithelium, in which lysosomes and dense bodies were increased, was observed in the 300 mg/kg group. Dense bodies were increased also in the glomerular epithelium. In this dose group, adrenocortical hypertrophy was also observed. The recovery test showed that the above-mentioned changes were satisfactorily reversible or the degree and frequency of these changes were lowered. No treatment-related effects were seen in the 3 mg/kg group. These results show that the NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) of RCC-36 is 3 mg/kg for 13-week oral toxicity in rats.
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PMID:[Oral single-dose and 13-week repeat-dose toxicity studies of RCC-36, the active metabolite of (+/-)-4-diethylamino-1,1-dimethylbut-2-yn-1-yl 2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate monohydrochloride monohydrate(NS-21), a novel drug for urinary frequency and incontinence, in rats]. 917 Jun 4