Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677481 (urinary frequency)
 1,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Genitourinary tuberculosis, once the most prevailed disease, has become very rare. Urinary frequency, pain on urination and aseptic pyuria are the key symptoms of urinary tuberculosis. At least three consecutive urine cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis are necessary. Renal calcification in KUB film, distortion, obliteration and destruction of single or more calices in excretory urography may lead to proper diagnosis. Induration and swelling of the globus minor of epididymis adhering to the skin or with cutaneous fistula are suggestive of genital tuberculosis. It is of extreme importance to suspect the tuberculosis in such patients especially when the symptoms are not relieved by antibiotic treatment. Current short-term chemotherapy using pyrazinamide, isonizid and rifampicin with a help of surgery is successful in most of the patients with genitourinary tuberculosis.
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PMID:[Genitourinary tuberculosis]. 988 26

Despite the relatively low prevalence, ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of death from cancer among women. As such, an early diagnosis for establishing a timely surgical and/or chemotherapeutic treatment is essential for improving the outcome. The most reliable, but not always straightforward, approach to diagnose ovarian cancer relies on multiple, time-consuming and expensive investigative tools. These typically include clinical presentation (i.e., pelvic or abdominal pain, urinary frequency or urgency, increased abdominal size or bloating) with pelvic examination, transvaginal ultrasonography (US), and measurement of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125). Although the conventional pathway to develop and market a clinically useful biomarker is challenging, recent advances in genomic and proteomic technologies have led to the identification of previously unknown candidate markers of ovarian cancer. Some of these are currently under clinical validation. The human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for monitoring recurrence or progression of epithelial ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, reliable clinical evidence demonstrates that HE4, used alone or in combination with CA125, substantially improves the accuracy of screening and/or disease monitoring. This chapter will review the current knowledge on biologic and clinical applications of ovarian cancer biomarkers, with particular emphasis on the newly proposed marker, HE4.
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PMID:HE4 in ovarian cancer: from discovery to clinical application. 2212 21

Inflammation of the epididymis, or epididymitis, is commonly seen in the outpatient setting. Etiology and treatment are based on patient age and the likely causative organisms. Epididymitis presents as the gradual onset of posterior scrotal pain that may be accompanied by urinary symptoms such as dysuria and urinary frequency. Physical findings include a swollen and tender epididymis with the testis in an anatomically normal position. Although the etiology is largely unknown, reflux of urine into the ejaculatory ducts is considered the most common cause of epididymitis in children younger than 14 years. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are the most common pathogens in sexually active males 14 to 35 years of age, and a single intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone with 10 days of oral doxycycline is the treatment of choice in this age group. In men who practice insertive anal intercourse, an enteric organism is also likely, and ceftriaxone with 10 days of oral levofloxacin or ofloxacin is the recommended treatment regimen. In men older than 35 years, epididymitis is usually caused by enteric bacteria transported by reflux of urine into the ejaculatory ducts secondary to bladder outlet obstruction; levofloxacin or ofloxacin alone is sufficient to treat these infections. Because untreated acute epididymitis can lead to infertility and chronic scrotal pain, recognition and therapy are vital to reduce patient morbidity.
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PMID:Epididymitis: An Overview. 2792 43