Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677481 (urinary frequency)
 1,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 9-year-old Thoroughbred mare was examined because of pollakiuria, hematuria, and weight loss of 3 weeks' duration. Physical examination revealed a regular cardiac rhythm with occasional premature contractions, and a soft tissue mass in the pelvic canal palpable per rectum. Microscopic examination of urine sediment revealed numerous RBC and a large population of lymphocytes and lymphoblasts with characteristics of neoplasia. Similar cells were found in peritoneal fluid obtained by abdominocentesis. The horse was euthanatized without treatment. Necropsy revealed a soft tissue mass infiltrating the bladder, vagina, and uterus. Additional masses were found in the sublumbar muscles and myocardium. The histologic diagnosis was lymphosarcoma.
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PMID:Lymphosarcoma with urinary bladder infiltration in a horse. 175 70

Acute urinary retention has many etiologies. In the pregnant patient, especially at the end of the first trimester, an incarcerated gravid uterus is a rare but possible cause. The patient discussed is a 30-year-old, gravida 4, para 2012, woman who was 14 weeks pregnant and who presented complaining of lower abdominal pain, urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia. Based on the patient's symptoms, a diagnosis of a urinary tract infection was made, and antibiotic therapy was begun. Her symptoms failed to resolve, however, and she was referred for further evaluation, which eventually revealed an incarcerated gravid uterus. The patient was referred to an obstetrician who re-positioned her uterus without difficulty, and she subsequently had an uneventful pregnancy.
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PMID:Acute urinary retention secondary to an incarcerated gravid uterus. 396 65

This report presents a case of pelvic actinomycotic infection that was accurately diagnosed preoperatively by means of fine needle aspiration. The patient was a 40-year-old black female, gravida 6, para 6, who presented to the emergency room complaining of intermittent, crampy lower abdominal pain of approximately 1 month's duration. She also complained of a recent onset of urinary frequency and urgency without dysuria as well as a change in bowel habits, with recent constipation. Review of the patient's medical history was notable for the placement of a Dalkon Shield IUD 10 years before without subsequent removal, a history of irregular menses in the past year, and treatment for gonorrhea 10 years previously. The patient's last menstrual period was 2 weeks prior to admission. She denied fever and night sweats but had lost 20 pounds in the past 2-3 months. Vital signs were normal. Pelvic examination revealed a firm, fixed uterus, approximately the size of a 14-week pregnancy, and an associated mass extending to the left and inferiorly into the rectovaginal septum. An intravenous pyelogram showed left hydronephrosis and hydroureter, with compression of the ureter at the level of the sacrum. Sigmoidoscopy revealed extrinsic compression of the rectum at 12 cm, the some mucosal edema. A CT scan of the pelvis disclosed an 8 cm mass in continuity with the uterus extending into the lower pelvis, with possible focal erosion of the sacrum. The clinical impression was advanced cervical carcinoma. Transvaginal fine needle aspiration was performed using a 21-gauge spinal needle and a Franzen needle guide. Following a diagnosis of actinomycotic abscess, the patient was placed on tetracycline, due to her penicillin allergy, and taken to surgery. The abdomen was opened and revealed a slightly enlarged uterus. The uterus and cervix were adherent to the left pelvic wall and posteriorly to the rectum by firm, friable tissue. The left fallopian tube and ovary were adherent to this . With some difficulty the uterus was freed, and a total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. The postoperative course was unremarkable, and the patient was discharged on tetracycline. A morphologic diagnosis of actinomycotic infection with abscess formation was made. Sections of the left parametrium revealed multiple microabscesses and sinus tracts surrounded by abundant granulation tissue. Some of the abscesses contained actinomycotic organisms. Chronic endometritis and cervicitis as well as acute and chronic left salpingitis were documented.
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PMID:Diagnosis of pelvic actinomycosis by fine needle aspiration. A case report. 620 95

A 32 year old female, para 2 + 0 presented with a hard lump in the scar of a lower midline incision. She had had a myomectomy 2 years previously and subsequently noticed the lump 3 months later. Her only complaints were urinary frequency during menstruation and the suprapubic mass. Surgery was performed for what was initially thought to be a desmoid tumour. At surgery the uterus was found to be lying in the subcutaneous position with no peritoneal sac. The uterus was dissected free of the sheath and reduced into the pelvis, uneventfully. This rare occurrence of a subcutaneous non-gravid uterus in the absence of a hernial sac is reported and its clinical features and possible preventative measures are discussed.
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PMID:A subcutaneous uterus with unusual presenting features. 840 27

Mesoidial tumours are rare benign lesions which may occur wherever mesenchymal tissues are present with an incidence of between 1.5% and 5%. Above all, leiomyomas affect females affect females aged between 30 and 50 years old and show a preference for the uterus (most frequently observed site) and the digestive and urinary tracts, in particular the vescica. Their etiology is still controversial, but the hypothesis of tumoral growth following an altered response to hormone stimulation (spt. Estrogens) appears to be the most credible. Development is mainly endovescical (63%), but extravescical (30%) and intramural cases are not rare; the site and dimensions (mean 6 cm) influence the symptoms, the type of surgery and the prognosis. In intravescical cases the most commonplace symptoms include obstructive urination, including pre-urination delay, a feeling of incomplete emptying, diurnal pollakiuria; these are followed by irritative symptoms (dysuria, burning) and micro-macroscopic hematuria. They are often asymptomatic in other cases. Diagnosis is based on instrumental diagnosis, in particular ultrasonography using a suprapubic and/or transvaginal approach, which gives an hypoechogenic image covered by a thin hyperechogenic line of mucosa. Diagnosis can also be made using CAT and, in some cases, MR for a better definition of the site, dimensions and ratios. Urethrocystoscopy is essential in asymptomatic cases and allows biopsy to be performed in uncertain cases. Treatment is surgical using a transurethral approach in endovescical cases with limited dimensions or open surgery in others. Depending on timely treatment, prognosis is good owing to the low number of recidivations.
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PMID:[Leiomyoma of the bladder. Report of a case and review of the literature]. 1022 59

Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is increasingly being used as an alternative treatment to hysterectomy for symptomatic fibroids. Symptoms of pelvic pressure, urinary frequency and menorrhagia are controlled in 73-98% of patients who undergo UAE. At the 1-year follow-up, the uterus may shrink by up to 55% but re-growth of fibroid may however occur. The rate of major complications and amenorrhoea following this procedure is low, ranging in most series from 1 to 3.5% and 1 to 7%, respectively. Nevertheless, the rate of amenorrhoea in women over 45 seems to be higher. In order to completely block the arterial supply to the fibroid, UAE is typically performed in both uterine arteries. Different embolic agents are used such as polyvinyl alcohol, gelfoam and more recently gelatine tris-acryl microspheres. After UAE, perfusion of the uterus is maintained. Uterine function is therefore conserved and although women who become pregnant after UAE seem to be at risk for malpresentation, pre-term birth, cesarean delivery and postpartum hemorrhage, successful pregnancies after UAE have been reported in some series. A major technical problem with UAE remains the possible presence of fibroid blood supply from other sources, such as the ovarian arteries or other pelvic branches, which can lead to failure of the procedure. In conclusion, although randomized trials are still underway, UAE appears a good option for those patients who whish to conserve their fertility or when surgery is contra-indicated. However, to evaluate the long-term effects of UAE longer follow up is required.
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PMID:Percutaneous uterine artery embolization for the treatment of symptomatic fibroids: current status. 1579 3

Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation), which can be primary or secondary, is a common gynecological problem. Primary dysmenorrhea (normal gynecological finding) is caused by increased production of uterine prostaglandins. Namely, under the influence of hormonal changes and vegetative factors at the end of a menstrual cycle, in numerous girls and women with a normal gynecological finding, vasoconstriction in small uterine arteries and endometrial ischemia occur, resulting in excessive prostaglandins synthesis in endometrial cells. Local effect of prostaglandins on the uterus is manifested by painful uterine contractions during menstruation. Prostaglandins can cause general symptoms too (headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, urinary frequency) because they are released from endometrial cells and they reach the systemic circulation (increased plasma levels of prostaglandins, particularly F2 alpha prostaglandin). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are established as initial therapy for women with primary dysmenorrhea; besides that, oral contraceptives and other prescription drugs are taken into consideration as well as different forms of complementary therapy. In 20-25% of cases, the reduction of pain is not achieved by use of standard therapy. Clinical experiences have shown that significant pain regression during a menstrual cycle has been often achieved by the use of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) indicated in women with primary dysmenorrhea with coexisting functional disorders of lumbosacral (LS) spine. Namely, by activation of the nociceptive and vegetative system, LS spine disorders, before all segmental dysfunction and degenerative changes, can induce referred pain and reflex disturbances of pelvic organs (somatovisceral reflexes). Since significant improvement or disappearance of pain during a menstrual cycle is often achieved with adequate therapy of coexisting vertebral disorders in women with primary dysmenorrhea, it is important to recognise latent or manifest vertebral disorders in dysmenorrheic women using clinical examination.
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PMID:[Dysmenorrhea induced by lumbosacral spine disorders. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy with special emphasis on spinal manipulative therapy]. 2003 Feb 92

The bladder is a hollow visco-elastic organ involved in urinary continence. In relation to its anatomical location, bladder is exposed in whole or in part to ionizing radiation in external radiotherapy or in brachytherapy of the pelvic region. The acute and late functional changes after external beam radiation consist in urinary frequency, compliance defaults and hematuria. Incidence of urinary side-effects, as well as related modalities of radiotherapy, is poorly described in the literature. Medline literature searches were performed via PubMed using the keywords "bladder--radiotherapy--toxicity--radiation cystitis--tolerability--organ at risk" to describe urinary side-effects due to radiation. Some recommendations exist on the dose constraints applied to bladder. These were mainly established from prostate radiation therapy studies but without definitive consensus. In clinical practice, dose constraints take into account clinical settings: bladder cancer which requires total bladder irradiation or others pelvic tumours (prostate, uterus...) in which the bladder is considered as an organ at risk. Risks of radiation cystitis increase with total dose (above 60 Gy), bladder irradiated volume and concomitant chemoradiation. Modern techniques using conformal radiotherapy with modulated intensity will probably have beneficial impact on bladder toxicity.
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PMID:[Normal tissue tolerance to external beam radiation therapy: bladder]. 2043 98

At least one in four women will develop one or more fibroids during their lifetime. They occur most commonly in women aged 30-50 and are three times more common in women of Afro-Caribbean descent than in Caucasian women. Risk factors for fibroids include: age, nulliparity, race, family history and obesity. In two-thirds of cases there are no symptoms. If the tumours are small and not causing symptoms, they do not require treatment However, if they enlarge, they can cause abnormal bleeding, pressure on the bladderand/or bowel and the patient may have difficulty getting pregnant. Fibroids are often discovered as an incidental finding on ultrasound but may also present in the following ways: abnormal uterine bleeding and menorrhagia; infertility; pelvic mass; increasing girth; pressure symptoms (urinary frequency and/or constipation); urinary retention; acute pelvic pain due to torsion of a pedunculated fibroid. During pregnancy, fibroids enlarge and may undergo red degeneration causing pain. Medication can only be used to improve symptoms and/or shrink the fibroids prior to surgery. Women with fibroids >3 cm in diameter causing significant symptoms, pain or pressure and wishing to retain their uterus may consider myomectomy. Hysterectomy is the standard treatment for women with symptomatic fibroids who have not improved with medical treatment. If the woman's family is complete and the fibroids are multiple, hysterectomy provides a permanent cure. Uterine artery embolisation is only recommended if surgery was planned for symptomatic fibroids and if the fibroids are <20 weeks in size. Referral is recommended in the following cases: submucous fibroid and abnormal bleeding; fibroids >3 cm in diameter uterus palpable abdominally or >12 cm in size on scan; persistent intermenstrual bleeding; age >45 where treatment has failed or been ineffective. Sarcomatous change within fibroids is rare and is normally associated with rapid growth. Such cases should be referred urgently.
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PMID:Management of fibroids should be tailored to the patient. 2151 May 5

Uterine fibroids (also called leiomyomas or myomas) are the most common disorder among women of reproductive age, with an incidence of between 20% and 80%; they are often detected incidentally in routine healthy examinations, through bimanual pelvic and/or ultrasound examination, because uterine fibroids are rarely associated with symptoms. Sometimes, uterine fibroids may be complicated by a variety of symptoms, including menstrual disturbance (e.g., menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, intermenstrual bleeding), pressure symptoms, bloated sensation, increased urinary frequency, bowel disturbance, or pelvic pain; therefore definite treatment is requested. Hysterectomy may be the first choice for women who have completed their child-birth; however, many women may prefer to keep the uterus if the uterine fibroids-related symptoms can be appropriately controlled. Among these conservative therapies, myomectomy may be one of the most popular methods for the woman who would like to preserve her future fertility, as the majority of symptoms can be relieved by myomectomy; this contributes to the value of this review. This review addresses the use of myomectomy in the management of symptomatic uterine fibroids.
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PMID:Review of myomectomy. 2248 61


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