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Query: UMLS:C0677481 (urinary frequency)
 1,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Detrusor instability is a socially disabling condition of unknown aetiology which may cause diurnal urinary frequency, urgency and incontinence in either sex. Current management of this characteristically fluctuating disease ranges from simple conservative measures through behavioural and medical therapy to endoscopic and major abdominal surgery.
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PMID:Management of detrusor instability. 844 30

Voiding problems in children are common and lead to symptoms of incontinence, urinary tract infections, urinary frequency, and urgency. Most voiding disorders occur in children with relatively normal neurologic and urinary systems and are believed to be functional in nature. Functional voiding disorders have a complex etiology involving faulty decision making and toilet habits. These disorders present with various combinations of symptoms and may be difficult for the physician and the parents to recognize. A catalog of the most common voiding disorders and their treatment is outlined. The close relationship between voiding and stooling dysfunction and their treatment is also presented.
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PMID:Functional voiding disorders of childhood. 850 85

The authors present 2 cases in which urinary retention was related to supratentorial cortical lesions. These cases support the presence and function of a supratentorial center involved in control of the voiding reflex loop and indicate that lesions affecting this center can result in urinary retention rather than the syndrome of incontinence, urgency, and increased urinary frequency that is generally attributed to dysfunction of this system. In such cases, a clinical presentation of urinary retention in the absence of associated remarkable neurological deficits renders clinical evidence as a localizing sign.
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PMID:Urinary retention and space-occupying lesions of the frontal cortex. 871 50

Urogenital symptoms associated with estrogen loss can occur episodically throughout a woman's life (e.g. during lactation, during treatment with GnRH agonists, etc.) but it is most common and chronic in duration in postmenopausal women. More than 50% of postmenopausal women experience lack of vaginal lubrication and frequent vaginal infections [1]. These urogenital complaints were associated with a diminished frequency of all forms of sexual behaviour. Complaints associated with urogenital ageing include vaginal dryness, irritation and pressure, vaginal discharge and infection, vulvo-vaginal pruritus, dyspareunia, post-coital bleeding, urinary frequency, urgency and incontinence and recurrent urinary tract infections. Although these symptoms have affected women for centuries, they are now becoming more widely recognized by health professionals and society in general because of the increased life expectancy, the acceptance of open discussion of this topic, and the advent of effective therapy. Urogenital ageing is a public health issue because of its high prevalence and because early detection and pharmacological intervention may prevent the development of serious conditions such as uterine prolapse and urinary incontinence. Although systemic hormone replacement therapy is frequently used for the treatment of urogenital atrophy, recent attention has also focused on local delivery of estrogen to the affected urogenital tissue. In this era of fiscal constraint, intervention to maintain urogenital health by the use of estrogen must be considered for all postmenopausal women.
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PMID:Urogenital ageing: an old problem newly recognized. 877 70

In ten patients with acute transverse myelitis (ATM), seven patients had urinary retention, and the other three patients had difficulty in voiding within 1 month from the onset of the disease. Five of the patients with retention became able to urinate. After the mean follow-up period of 40 months, nine still had urinary symptoms including difficulty in voiding in five and urinary frequency, urgency and incontinence in four patients. Four patients had urinary disturbance as the sole sequel of ATM. Urodynamic studies performed on nine patients revealed that all of the three patients with the urgent incontinence had detrusor hyperreflexia, all of the four patients with retention had an areflexic cystometrogram as well as sphincter hyperreflexia, and three of five patients with voiding difficulty had detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. An areflexic cystometrogram tended to change to a low compliance bladder, followed by detrusor hyperreflexia or a normal cystometrogram. Analysis of the motor unit potentials of the external sphincter revealed that two of the three patients had high amplitude or polyphasic neurogenic changes. Supranuclear as well as nuclear types of parasympathetic and somatic nerve dysfunctions seemed to be responsible for micturition disturbance in our patients with ATM.
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PMID:Micturition disturbance in acute transverse myelitis. 885 55

Frequency volume charts (FV charts) are widely used by those interested in lower urinary tract function. However, there has been little systematic work on the value and design of FV charts as they have evolved over the years as clinical tools rather than as research instruments. Although FV chart design has developed over the last 20 years, there is no standard and charts vary from simple frequency charts up to urinary diaries which record not only frequency, volume, urge episodes, pad usage and fluid intake, but also the patients' activities in relation to their lower urinary tract symptoms. Studies have shown that charts can be relatively complex and still be acceptable to patients, providing proper instruction is given, either by written advice or at face to face interviews. The correlations between the answers to simple questions concerning frequency and nocturia and the data extracted from FV charts are variably strong: nocturia, pad usage and incontinence episodes correlate well, whereas urinary frequency correlates less closely. A number of conclusions on frequency volume charts can be made. The chart is best kept for 7 days in order to cover both work and leisure periods. The daytime should be separated from the night-time, and this is particularly important in assessing older patients with possible nocturnal polyuria. Addition of voided volume measurement to the frequency chart allows the construction of a simple classification of FV charts. This classification links the characteristics seen on the FV charts with particular lower urinary tract dysfunctions. Whilst this classification gives a guide to the patient's possible diagnosis, the overlap between symptomatic groups and normal controls is large. FV charts have an important role in objectively, recording patients' symptoms, both as a base line and after therapeutic interventions. They are particularly important in everyday clinical use as a vital part of bladder training. In the research field they are important in providing objective evidence of changes in subjective symptoms in a treatment group as opposed to the placebo group. They have been particularly valuable in the evaluation of new drugs for the treatment of detrusor overactivity and benign prostatic obstruction. Most FV charts rely on pen and paper. However in the computer age the possibility of computerising the FV chart is attractive, but as yet not fully evaluated. At present it is advised that a simple frequency volume chart with the additional recording of incontinent episodes, pad usage and overall assessment of fluid intake is used for routine clinical use. In a research setting urinary diaries may add significant additional information, allowing a more complete evaluation of novel therapies.
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PMID:Frequency volume charts: an indispensable part of lower urinary tract assessment. 890 64

In eleven patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), micturitional histories taken during the acute stage revealed that nine were in a state of urinary retention, and the other two had urinary frequency and urge incontinence together with difficulty in voiding. After the follow-up period of 3 to 38 months seven of nine patients with retention became able to urinate, but five of them had difficulty in voiding and four of them developed urinary frequency or urge incontinence. Two patients had urinary retention even after 26 and 38 months from the onset. Ten patients underwent urodynamic studies and disclosed detrusor hyperreflexia in six, low compliance bladder in two, atonic cystometrogram in one and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in two patients. Motor unit analysis of the external sphincter revealed polyphasic neurogenic changes is one of four patients. The results were compared with our previous findings in multiple sclerosis (MS), and we found that micturitional disturbance in ADEM seemed to be as common and as severe as in MS. Supranuclear as well as nuclear types of pelvic and pudendal nerve dysfunction seemed to be responsible for micturitional disturbance in our patients with ADEM. Micturitional disturbance seemed to be related to the pyramidal tract involvement, and probably reflecting the severity of spinal cord lesions.
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PMID:Micturitional disturbance in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). 891 71

Newer research results have shown that the previous classification of enuresis into nocturnal, nocturnal and diurnal and diurnal forms is not sufficient. Day wetting constitutes a heterogeneous group of syndromes, which should be considered as functional urinary incontinences and which require differentiated diagnostics and therapies. General aspects of functional urinary incontinence are discussed, including: classification, epidemiology, symptomatology, especially the association with urinary tract infections, vesicoureteral reflux, obstipation and encopresis. The rate of psychiatric problems seems to be increased compared to children with nocturnal enuresis. Methodological problems of previous studies are discussed. General guidelines regarding diagnostics and therapy include the requirement of sonography, uroflowmetry with pelvic-floor-EMG, urinalysis and specific therapy-forms. The three most important syndromes are urge incontinence with urge symptoms, frequent micturition, holding manoeuvres due to a physiological instability of the detrusor and lower, mostly secondary psychiatric symptoms. Voiding postponement is a general refusal syndrome with a psychiatric etiology, characterized by a postponement of micturition and retention of urine. The detrusor-sphincter-dyscoordination has as the main symptom a paradox contraction instead of relaxation of the bladder sphincter during micturition. It is recommended hat the previous classification should be left in favour of more specific diagnoses to ensure specific, causally effective therapies.
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PMID:["Enuresis diurna" is not a diagnosis--new results on classification, pathogenesis and therapy of functional urinary incontinence in childhood]. 915 96

Comparative single-dose toxicity studies of (+/-)-4-diethylamino-1,1-dimethylbut-2-yn-1-yl 2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate monohydrochloride monohydrate(NS-21), a new drug for the treatment of urinary frequency and incontinence, were conducted in ddY mice and Sprague-Dawley rats after oral(p.o.),intraperitoneal(i.p.) and subcutaneous(s.c.) administration, and in Beagle dogs after p.o. administration. The p.o. LD50 values of NS-21 were 852 and 1167 mg/kg for male and female mice, 2839 and 1739 mg/kg for male and female rats, respectively. The i.p. LD50 values were 324 and 390 mg/kg for male and female mice, and 423 and 359 mg/kg for male and female rats, respectively. No death occurred in mice and rats at doses up to s.c. 5000 mg/kg. Minimum lethal dose for dogs could not be determined because of vomiting. Mydriasis was noted in all three species tested without regard to administration route. In addition, decreased spontaneous locomotor activity, prone or lateral position, hypopnea, hypothemia, ataxic gait, twitch and clonic convulsion were observed in mice and rats after p.o. and i.p. administration. In rats, salivation was observed after p.o. administration and lacrimation was observed after p.o. and i.p. administration. After s.c. administration, scab formation at the site of injection was observed in mice and rats. In dogs, vomiting, hyperemia of both conjunctiva and oral mucosa, prone position, tremor and clonic convulsion were observed after p.o. administration. Body weight was decreased or its gain was suppressed in mice and rats without regard to administration route. Body weight and food consumption were decreased in dogs after p.o. administration. Pathological examination showed congestion of lung in dead mice and rats after p.o. and i.p. administration. Distention of small intestine was observed in dead mice and rats after p.o. administration and in sacrificed rats after p.o. administration. Adhesion between the abdominal organs was observed in sacrificed mice and rats after i.p. administration. Thymic atrophy associated with a decrease in its organ weight was observed in dogs after p.o. administration.
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PMID:[Single-dose toxicity studies of (+/-)-4-diethylamino-1, 1-dimethylbut-2-yn-1-yl 2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate monohydrochloride monohydrate(NS-21), a novel drug for urinary frequency and incontinence, in mice, rats and dogs]. 917 Jun

NS-21, (+/-)-4-diethylamino-1,1-dimethylbut-2-yn-1-yl 2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate monohydrochloride monohydrate, is a new drug for the treatment of urinary frequency and incontinence. To evaluate acute toxicities of its related compounds including the optical isomers of NS-21 ((S)NS-21 and (R)NS-21), the active metabolite of NS-21 ((R/S)RCC-36), the optical isomers of (R/S)RCC-36 ((S)RCC-36 and (R)RCC-36), the hydrolysis products of NS-21 (RCC-32 and RCC-38) and the bi-product of NS-21 (RCC-66), single-dose intraperitoneal toxicity studies were conducted in ddY mice. The LD50 values of these compounds in male and female mice were as follows: 199 and 184 mg/kg for (S)NS-21, 261 and 240 mg/kg for (R)NS-21, 74 and 100-150 mg/kg for (R/S)RCC-36, 93 mg/kg for (S)RCC-36 in both sexes, 83 and 104 mg/kg for (R)RCC-36, higher than 510 mg/kg for RCC-32 in both sexes, 340-510 mg/kg for RCC-38 in both sexes, and 1000-2000 mg/kg for RCC-66 in both sexes, respectively. The clinical signs included decreased spontaneous locomotor activity, prone or lateral position, ataxic gait, clonic convulsion, hypopnea, hypothermia, pale skin, mydriasis, abdominal distention and unkempt fur for (S)NS-21, (R)NS-21, (R/S)RCC-36, (S)RCC-36 and (R)RCC-36, decreased spontaneous locomotor activity, prone position, ataxic gait, clonic convulsion, tail elevation and hypopnea for RCC-32 and RCC-38, and decreased spontaneous locomotor activity and unkempt fur for RCC-66. Body weight was decreased or its gain was suppressed for every compound examined. Pathological examination of the dead mice showed atrophy of the thymus and spleen, intestinal distention with the retention of dark red contents, white spots or white materials in the abdominal fatty tissue for (S)NS-21, (R)NS-21, (R/S)RCC-36, (S)RCC-36, (R)RCC-36 and RCC-66, but no treatment related change for RCC-32 and RCC-38. Adhesion between the abdominal organs was observed in survivors treated with (S)NS-21, (R)NS-21, (S)RCC-36, (R)RCC-36, RCC-32 and RCC-66.
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PMID:[Intraperitoneal single-dose toxicity studies of active metabolite, optical isomers, hydrolysis products and bi-product of (+/-)-4-diethylamino-1,1-dimethylbut-2-yn-1-yl 2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate monohydrochloride monohydrate(NS-21), a novel drug for urinary frequency and incontinence, in mice]. 917 Jun 1


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