Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677481 (urinary frequency)
 1,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cases of carcinoma in situ of the bladder treated with radical cystoprostatourethrectomy were evaluted by histologic study of the totally embedded epithelium. Clinical symptomatology consisted of urinary frequency with diminished bladder capacity and pain on voiding. Urinary cytology and multiple biopsies were essential for diagnosis of this lesion. The resected specimens of both cases were fixed in formalin and totally embedded for step sections that were mapped after histopathologic study. In both cases atypical epithelium and carcinoma in situ with foci of microinvasion affected the bladder mucosa and extended continuously to the distal ureters as well as the prostatic urethra. Since the lesion subsequently may result in invasive bladder cancer and often involves the prostatic urethra and distal ureter as in our cases the radical cystoprostatourethrectomy is recommended.
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PMID:Non-papillary carcinoma in situ of the bladder: a clinicopathologic study of 2 cases treated with radical cystoprostatourethrectomy. 45 75

Thirty three patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) or/and numerous recurrences of superficial bladder tumor were treated with intravesical BCG after transurethral resection. 63% of patients with CIS were free of recurrence after two years, two underwent cystectomy and one died because of progression. Patients with Ta and concomitant CIS responded well to BCG, while the patient with T1 tumor and CIS was free from recurrence for 15 months. Dysplasia of grade II disappeared after BCG. 62% of patients with Ta tumor were without recurrence after one year, but after two years 86% of the patients had recurrences. Patients with T1 tumor were free from recurrence for eight months, after which 25% had progression. The side effects of BCG were transient: urinary frequency in 48%, malaise in 39%, dysuria in 36%, haematuria, bladder pain and fever in 24%. 15% of the patients required isoniazid treatment. It is concluded that intravesical BCG is beneficial in CIS and superficial bladder tumors.
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PMID:[Treatment of superficial bladder tumors with intravesical BCG]. 154 71

Twelve patients with superficial bladder cancer and carcinoma in situ of the bladder were treated with intravesically instilled BCG solution. As suggested by Pagano's group, we used BCG in a lower dose than usual hitherto (75 mg, strain Pasteur Paris). Complete tumor remission was obtained in all patients except the two whose treatment had to be discontinued at an early stage because of severe side effects. None of our patients was free of symptoms; pain or micturition, pollakiuria, gross hematuria, fever, swollen lymph nodes, and epididymitis occurred. We think, therefore, that low-dose therapy with BCG is as effective as full-dose therapy but the side effects are no less severe.
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PMID:[Lower toxicity with the topical low-dose BCG therapy of superficial bladder carcinoma?]. 156 32

Forty patients with carcinoma in situ of the bladder were reviewed. They included 15 patients with primary carcinoma in situ, 8 with secondary carcinoma in situ and 17 with concurrent carcinoma in situ. Twenty-one (66%) of 32 patients with primary or concurrent carcinoma in situ complained of urinary frequency and pain on urination, whereas no patients with secondary carcinoma in situ complained of such symptoms. Nearly all patients with concurrent or secondary carcinoma in situ had gross hematuria, whereas only 7 (47%) of 15 patients with primary carcinoma in situ had gross hematuria. Two patients without any symptoms were diagnosed by incidental positive urinary cytology. Concurrent carcinoma in situ was always associated with multiple papillary tumor. Dominant grade of the papillary tumor was classified as grade 3 in 11 patients and as grade 2 in 6. The simultaneous presence of carcinoma in situ of the urethra was found in 13 (46%) patients and those of the ureter in 17 (74%). Fourteen patients (35%) with carcinoma in situ developed an invasive carcinoma. Of these, 4 (10%) died of cancer. Bacillus calmette-guerin instillation was effective in 13 of 15 patients (87%). These results indicate that carcinoma in situ of the bladder may develop an invasive cancer, may remain in the epithelia, or may be associated with multiple superficial tumor. It should be emphasized that patients with multiple superficial bladder tumor may be associated with carcinoma in situ even if the superficial tumors are of low grade and urine cytology is negative.
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PMID:[The progress pattern of carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder]. 192 Oct 16

Intravesical instillation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used in the treatment of patients with intractable urinary frequency due to chronic prostatitis, chronic cystitis, tuberculous contracted bladder and interstitial cystitis. Before the application of this therapy, all 4 patients were examined carefully to rule out cases of acute infectious diseases of the urinary tract, active urinary tuberculosis, neurogenic bladder and carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Three of the four patients achieved an excellent response both subjectively and objectively. In the United States, intravesical instillation of DMSO had already been established as the specific method in the treatment of interstitial cystitis and no side effects have been reported so far. Therefore, we recommend the use of intravesical instillation of DMSO more commonly in various forms of intractable urinary frequency.
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PMID:[The use of dimethyl sulfoxide in the treatment of intractable urinary frequency]. 403 38

Over a 12-month period, thirteen patients, 10 men and 3 women, with recurrent surface transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder in conjunction with CIS, are picked out and subjected to treatment. Distribution of the patients: primary multiple carcinomas combined with CIS, Ta-T1/G1-G2-4 cases; recurrent multiple carcinomas, with CIS, Ta-T1/G2-two, recurrent multiple carcinomas, combined with CIS, Ta-T1/G2-five, and T1/G3-two cases. In all instances transurethral resection (TUR) of both visible carcinomas, and CIS areas, is performed. Induction Immucyst therapy is carried out according to protocol: 3 vials BCG vaccine, dissolved in 50 ml serum, inserted intravesically once weekly over 6 weeks. The fluid is retained by the patients for up to 2 hours. Therapy is commenced within 7-14 days after TUR. Cystoscopy, cytology and biopsy of suspected areas ar done at 3, 6 and 12 days. Six of the patients reported on undergo 12-month follow-up study. The remainder (6 cases) are followed up for periods ranging from 3 to 6 months. At the actual stage of study, twelve patients are free of recurrences, and present negative cytological findings. One patient alone with carcinoma stage T1/G3 develops recurrence, treated with TUR and laser coagulation followed by immunotherapy. Two thirds of the patients sustain transitory pollakiuria and dysuria, and one third-subfebrile temperature persisting for 48 hours.
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PMID:[Initial clinical studies of the preparation Immucyst for immunotherapy in patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the bladder]. 853 21

We report a rare case of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) of the urinary bladder. A 50-year-old man complained of pollakiuria and urinary incontinence. MRI detected a bladder tumor invading the rectum and bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. Radical cystectomy with partial resection of the rectum was performed, and ileus due to peritoneal dissemination occurred 2 years after surgery. He died of the disease 42 months after the initial presentation. Histologically, urothelial carcinoma in situ with a focal invasive urothelial carcinoma (IUC) component and widely spread PUC was observed. There was no lymph node metastasis. PUC cells had eccentrically placed nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm resembling plasmacytoma cells, and proliferated with a single-cell infiltrative pattern to the outside of the bladder. IUC cells with intracytoplasmic lumina were focally intermingled with PUC cells. Immunohistochemically, PUC cells were positive for cytokeratin 7, epithelial membrane antigen, and CA19-9, but negative for cytokeratin 20, E-cadherin, p63, and lymphoid markers. The Ki-67 labeling index of PUC cells was 9.3%. IUC containing intracytoplasmic lumina showed intermediate features of conventional IUC and PUC morphologically and immunohistochemically. PUC is a distinct entity of bladder cancer with a high propensity for invasion and poor prognosis.
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PMID:Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case report and immunohistochemical study. 1904 Nov 93

Carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urinary bladder is defined as a flat lesion comprising of cytologically malignant cells which may involve either full or partial thickness of the urothelium. De novo CIS constitutes less than 3% of all urothelial neoplasms; however, CIS detected concurrently or secondarily during follow-up of urothelial carcinoma constitutes 45% and 90%, respectively, of bladder cancer. CIS is noted predominantly in male smokers in the sixth or seventh decade. Patients may present with dysuria, nocturia, and urinary frequency and urgency with microscopic hematuria. Cystoscopic findings may range from unremarkable to erythema or edema. Urine cytology is an important diagnostic tool. Cellular anaplasia, loss of polarity, discohesion, nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia, pleomorphism, and atypical mitoses are the histopathologic hallmarks of CIS. Extensive denudation of the urothelium, monomorphic appearance of the neoplastic cells, inflammatory atypia, radiation induced nuclear smudging, multinucleation, and pagetoid spread of CIS may cause diagnostic difficulties. Together with clinical and morphologic correlation, immunostaining with CK 20, p53 (full thickness), and CD44 (absence of staining) may help accurately diagnose CIS. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis of voided urine for amplification of chromosomes 3, 7, and 17 and deletion of 9p has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing CIS in surveillance cases. Several other molecular markers, such as NMP 22 and BTA, are under evaluation or used variably in clinical pathology. Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation is considered the preferred treatment, with radical cystectomy being offered to refractory cases. Chemotherapy, alpha-interferon, and photodynamic therapy are other modalities that can be considered in BCG-refractory cases. Multifocality, involvement of prostatic urethra, and response to BCG remain the most important prognostic factors, although newer molecular markers are being evaluated for this entity. Patient outcome varies based on whether it is de novo development or diagnosed secondary to prior or concomitant papillary bladder cancer. From a clinical perspective, the principal determinants of outcome are extent of disease, involvement of prostatic urethra, response to therapy, and time to recurrence.
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PMID:Carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: review of clinicopathologic characteristics with an emphasis on aspects related to molecular diagnostic techniques and prognosis. 1917 5

A 55-year-old woman had urinary frequency and a constant urge to urinate. Computed tomography confirmed a urethral tumor, and transurethral biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma. She visited our hospital to undergo treatment, and we performed an anterior pelvic excenteration. On histology, the tumor had spread to the bladder, urethra, and vagina. However, the majority of the tumor was located in the bladder and urethra, a duct with intestinal metaplasia was present around the urethra, and carcinoma in situ was seen in the urethral mucosa. Based on the above findings, the patient was diagnosed as having primary urethral adenocarcinoma. No tumor cells were seen in the resection stump. Six months after surgery, the patient developed bone metastasis, followed by peritoneal and pleural dissemination, as well as multiple lung metastases. The patient died nine months after surgery. In the present patient, the carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 level changed with the clinical course, and it was a useful marker. Urethral tumor is relatively rare. A urethral tumor accompanied by vaginal wall infiltration is likely to be mistaken for a primary vaginal tumor. It was very difficult to identify the primary organ in our case. To the best of our knowledge, the present patient is the sixth reported case of primary urethral carcinoma accompanied by vaginal wall infiltration in Japan. The six reported cases are compared and analyzed.
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PMID:[A case of primary urethral adenocarcinoma accompanied by vaginal wall infiltration in which the CA19-9 level was very high]. 1976 40