Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0600142 (hot flushes)
 1,242 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The menopause results from the decreasing production of ovarian estrogens/progestins. This loss of ovarian hormones in 75-85% of women leads to a number of brain-mediated steroid-withdrawal symptoms, the most frequent being hot flushes. Thus, replacement therapy with a brain-enhanced estrogen delivery system (E2-CDS) with sustained release of estradiol (E2) in the brain may be more effective in the treatment of menopausal symptoms than currently used estrogens. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of E2-CDS vs. E2, on the tail-skin temperature (TST) surge associated with administration of naloxone to morphine-dependent rats, an animal model for menopausal hot flush. Ovariectomized rats received a single or multiple doses of E2-CDS at 1.0 mg/kg body weight or E2 (0.5 mg pellet) weekly for 1 or 3 weeks before temperature recording. The mean maximal elevation in TST of the control animals was 6.4 +/- 0.2 degrees C. A single injection of E2-CDS attenuated the naloxone-induced rise in TST by 25%, while multiple injections resulted in significant attenuation of the rise in TST (3.4 +/- 0.6). By contrast, multiple implants of E2 pellet (3 pellets over 3 weeks) did not affect the surge of TST. Plasma E2 levels in animals treated with E2-CDS were slightly increased to 13 pg/ml for single-injected and to 44 pg/ml for multiple-injected rats. However, the E2-pellet treatment produced plasma E2 levels that were 2-fold greater than the E2 levels produced by multiple injections of E2-CDS. Plasma gonadotropins (LH and FSH) were significantly suppressed with the E2-pellet as well as the single and multiple E2-CDS treatment. Plasma prolactin levels were significantly elevated by E2 pellet and multiple injections of E2-CDS. The kinetic profiles of E2-CDS metabolites in plasma indicated an apparent t1/2 = 8 h for E2-Q+ and 3 h for E2. Collectively, these data support the view that E2-CDS may be potentially useful in the treatment of vasomotor hot flushes.
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PMID:Effects of a brain-enhanced estrogen delivery system on tail-skin temperature of the rat: implications for menopausal hot flush. 190 49

A double blind, crossover study was used to test the effect of transdermal oestrogen therapy (Estraderm) in 22 women with climacteric complaints. The number and intensity of hot flushes were both reduced by approximately 80% (p less than 0.0025). Some improvement was also seen as regards general wellbeing, disturbed sleep and tiredness. We noted a significant increase in serum oestradiol to premenopausal follicular phase levels, and a decrease in FSH values. Systolic blood pressure was lowered during active treatment (p less than 0.025), a smaller reduction of diastolic pressure was not significant. Body weight remained unchanged. Some patients reported tender breasts, and some reported slight irritation of the skin. Neither condition necessitated withdrawal of treatment. It is concluded that Estraderm is effective and suitable for treatment of climacteric complaints.
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PMID:[Transdermal estrogen treatment. A placebo controlled study]. 194 34

Twelve patients with symptomatic uterine fibroid were treated with Goserelin acetate, a depot Gn-RH analogue administered s.c. in a dosage of 3.6 mg every 28 days for a 6 month period. Mean age of the patients was 39 (26-47). A menopausal-like state, evidenced by hot flushes, depression, vaginal dryness, hysteroscopic endometrial atrophy, and hormonal values (FSH, LH, E2), was seen in all patients. After only two months of treatment, a significant reduction was noted in the size of the fibroid, being even greater than that in the following four months. Only one patient in the series underwent surgery. General tolerability of the drug was optimal. These data suggest the efficiency of this type of treatment in obtaining a significant reduction of fibroid volume as well as subjective symptomatology. The cost-benefit ratio is optimal, allowing postponement of surgery and the possibility of vaginal, as opposed to abdominal, hysterectomy and affronting problems of anaesthesiology and post-operative recovery for patients "at risk".
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PMID:Use of GnRH depot analogue in the treatment of uterine fibroids. 215 Jul 37

Objective measures of vasomotor flushes have clarified their biologic basis and have established the peripheral reactions as compensatory mechanisms for hypothalamic thermoregulatory instability. Subsequently, investigations into the pathogenesis of flushes pointed to increasingly higher levels of control. The observed relationship between estrogen deprivation and vasomotor instability led to the hypothesis of a cause-effect relationship with LH and FSH. However, patients with pituitary insufficiency were found to have hot flushes despite a lack of LH and FSH secretion. Hypothalamic secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was studied for possible correlation with vasomotor episodes. Patients with and without symptoms had similar levels of LH secretion, but those who had symptoms and were closer to menopause had higher peripheral levels of immunoreactive GnRH, implying involvement of a hypothalamic mechanism, although not a cause-effect relationship. With prolonged estrogen deficiency, immunoreactive GnRH levels decline. Vasomotor episodes occur after estrogen withdrawal in subgroups of patients without appreciable secretion of GnRH, although LH and FSH secretions remain elevated. Vasomotor flushes are treated most effectively with estrogen. Agents such as medroxyprogesterone acetate and lofexidine may reduce the incidence of flushes.
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PMID:Physiology and treatment of hot flushes. 217 88

We performed phase I study of FK 435, a new antiestrogen, in 30 patients with advanced breast cancer. Slight to moderate adverse reactions were noted as follows. Single-dose study: anorexia, nausea, lassitude in one patient (80 mg), decreased serum calcium in one (160 mg), redness, tenderness in one, facial flushing, hot flushes, headache in one (320 mg). Repeated-dose study: anorexia, nausea in one patient (40 mg/day), anorexia, diarrhea, increased FSH in one, increased PRL in one (80 mg/day). FK 435 was well tolerated. Tmax was 3-5 hours, T1/2 about 25 hours. Most of FK 435 was excreted into urine as glucuronide.
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PMID:[Phase I study of FK 435]. 219 79

Premenopausal breast cancer patients frequently develop amenorrhea during adjuvant chemotherapy. Despite psychic distress and severe weight loss are possible causes for secondary amenorrhea in cancer patients, it is in this case due to the gonadotoxicity of the cytostatic drugs. Alkylating agents, such as cyclophosphamide, damage ovaries directly, resulting in ovarian fibrosis, atretic follicles and decline in estrogen production. Elevated plasma levels of LH and FSH show adequate reaction of the hypothalamohypophyseal unit. There is no change in the androgen production of stromal cells as well as in the plasma levels of prolactin and adrenal androgen precursors. Ovarian damage goes along with hot flushes, loss of libido and dyspareunia. The onset of amenorrhea is age- and dose-related. Commonly the changes are irreversible. Estrogen replacement therapy promptly removes menopausal symptoms but is contra-indicated regarding the possible hormone-dependence of the tumor. In this case low dose medroxy-progesterone acetate is indicated.
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PMID:[Effects of adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer on gonadal function]. 223 81

The aim of the work was to investigate the influence on lipids and lipoproteins in blood serum exerted by smallest, preventing hot flushes, doses of mestranol and diethylstilbestrol administered with chlormadinon by sequential method as well as estriol by cyclic method. In the studied women, prior to treatment, after 1, 3 and 6 months of therapy, the made evaluation also covered the intensity of climacteric symptoms according to Kupermann scale, and the concentration of FSH, LH, estadiol as well as testosterone in blood serum. Moreover the arterial blood pressure and the body mass were measured. The treatment involved 82 women, and was carried out by resorting to: mestranol in a dose from 0.025 mg to 0.1 mg in 29 females, diethylstilbestrol in a dose ranging from 0.125 mg to 0.5 mg in 30 females, and estriol in a dose from 1 mg to 3 mg in 25 women. Estrogenic drugs were given from the 5th to 25th day of the cycle and chlormadinon (2 mg) from the 16th to 25th day of the cycle. Lipids and lipoproteins were determined in 65 females. The respective climacteric symptoms decreased equally significantly and at a similar pace in consequence of the treatment provided by three methods. The values of Kupermann's index decreased from the compartment 15-50 to 0-15 points. Concentration of FSH and testosterone would not change in the course of the treatment. On the other hand, diminution was recorded in LH concentration after 3 month-long administration of mestranol and after 6 months-long use of estriol. There is also an increase after the first month, and subsequently a significant decrease of estradiol concentration in women treated with mestranol. In the same group of women, lowering of arterial, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was recorded after 6 months of therapy. Systolic pressure decreased also in 6 women receiving estriol, under the influence of diethylstilbestrol and chlormadinon arterial blood pressure did not change. No change in the body mass of the treated women took place. Evaluating the changes in concentration of lipids and lipoproteins in the blood serum, during the treatment, it was stated that as compared with initial values there was a significant rise in the concentration of HDL cholesterol in the group of females treated with mestranol and diethylstilbestrol with chlormadinon; as well as of HDL phospholipids in women being given estriol, and also in women taking diethylostilbestrol with chlormadinon. An increase in concentration of total phospholipids was also revealed in the latter two groups of women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Blood lipids and the clinical state of hormone-treated women during menopause]. 248 47

As a result of the general lack of information about the menopause in Nigeria this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of climacteric symptoms in a cohort of healthy perimenopausal women and also to evaluate the hormonal and biochemical profile of the subjects. Seventeen menopausal and 19 premenopausal women aged 40 years or more were interviewed and had venepuncture and collection of 24-h urine samples. Plasma from the blood samples was used for the assay of LH, FSH, progesterone, 17 beta-oestradiol, calcium and cholesterol while urinary calcium was determined from the 24-h urine samples. The data revealed a significant difference in the prevalence of the symptoms of vasomotor instability (hot flushes, palpitations and excessive sweating) among the menopausal group when compared with the premenopausal group. Furthermore, plasma gonadotrophin levels (LH and FSH) were significantly elevated while plasma oestradiol and progesterone levels were lower in the menopausal women than in the premenopausal group. With regards to the biochemical indices evaluated, only 24-h urinary calcium levels were found to be significantly different for the two groups, with higher levels in the menopausal women. The significance of these findings and the need for adequate screening and treatment of selected menopausal women are discussed.
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PMID:Clinical, hormonal and biochemical features of menopausal women in Ibadan, Nigeria. 255 55

Seventeen nonmenopausal women with symptomatic uterine myomas, diagnosed by clinical examination and confirmed by pelvic ultrasonography, were treated with a delayed-release microcapsule preparation of D-Trp-6-LH-RH (Decapeptyl) injected intramuscularly, every 28 days. The microcapsules were designed to release 100 micrograms/day for 30 days. The mean duration of treatment was 4.7 months (range, 1-11). In all patients, the pituitary-ovarian axis was suppressed after 1 month of treatment, and mean serum estradiol levels fell to 17.3 pg/mL (range, 5-80). There were no significant changes in serum LH and FSH levels. Fifteen patients (83%) experienced an improvement of such symptoms as abdominal pain and bleeding. Enlarged uteri decreased in 81% of patients during the treatment, and in 38% of them the decrease in uterine volume was more than 50%. Among the 12 myomas found in 10 women, 2 disappeared and 9 decreased in volume during the treatment; for 7 myomas the decrease was more than 50%. After Decapeptyl, eight patients did not require any additional therapy, four underwent surgery, and the others were treated with progestins. The side effects were mild, consisting mainly of hot flushes. Our findings suggest that Decapeptyl may be useful for the treatment of uterine myomas.
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PMID:Long-term use of an LH-RH agonist in the management of uterine leiomyomas: a study of 17 cases. 256 99

Org OD 14 is a new steroid drug taken orally that appears to act weekly but simultaneously on the estrogens, androgens and progestins. The drug eliminates blood FSH and LH in menopausal women without affecting PRL levels. It also proved more effective than a placebo in controlling hot flushes and related disturbances. The patients treated reveal no reduction in bone mineral content. The incidence of side effects was very low and comparable to the findings in the placebo-treated control group: in particular, there were no changes in body weight, hair distribution of blood pressure. Biochemical studies revealed no alteration in live enzymes, bilirubin, CBG, or cortisol. There was a slight reduction in glucose tolerance but long-term studies revealed no change in the glucoproteins. There was a certain drop in HDL-cholesterol with a tendency to normalise even the long-term and a simultaneous decrease in VLDL and triglycerides which should minimise the risk of cardiovascular pathology. No damaging interference with blood clotting was noted. It may be concluded that oral Org OD 14 is effective and safe for the treatment of menopausal patients.
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PMID:New steroid for the climacteric syndrome. 265 54


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