UMLS:C0600142 - FACTA Search

Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0600142 (hot flushes)
1,242 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bone mass, calcium and lipid metabolism, climacteric symptoms, bleeding, blood pressure, and weight changes were studied in 62 healthy postmenopausal women at 3-month intervals throughout 2 years of treatment with continuous estradiol valerate (2 mg) plus cyproterone acetate (1 mg), sequential estradiol valerate (2 mg) plus levonorgestrel (75 micrograms), or placebo. During the 2 years of the study, bone mineral content of the distal and ultradistal regions of the forearm (measured by single-photon absorptiometry) remained unchanged in the hormone groups, whereas bone mineral content at these sites decreased by 5 and 6%, respectively, in the placebo group. Bone mineral density in the spine (measured by dual-photon absorptiometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) increased by 3-4% in the hormone groups and decreased by 2% in the placebo group. Biochemical estimates of bone turnover (serum alkaline phosphatase and fasting urinary calcium/creatinine) decreased significantly to premenopausal levels in the hormone groups, but remained unchanged in the placebo group. Serum concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly reduced by 5-10% (P less than .05-.01) in the estradiol + cyproterone acetate group and by 10-15% (P less than .001) in the estradiol valerate + levonorgestrel group. There were no significant changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the hormone groups. Virtually no changes were observed in the placebo group. Climacteric symptoms and hot flushes were significantly reduced in both hormone groups compared with the placebo group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Two new combinations of estrogen and progestogen for prevention of postmenopausal bone loss: long-term effects on bone, calcium and lipid metabolism, climacteric symptoms, and bleeding. 130 44

During the past decade, the development of various gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) agonists, which induce reversible hypo-oestrogenism has opened a new area in the medical management of endometriosis. In an open, multicentre phase III study, the efficacy, tolerance and safety of the Gn-RH agonist leuprorelin acetate were tested. The preliminary results of 104 women treated in seven German centres are presented. Pelvic endometriosis was diagnosed by laparoscopy and classified according to the American Fertility Society scoring system: 33% of patients had minimal, 22% mild, 28% moderate and 8% severe endometriosis and in 9% no pathological results were obtained. The patients' mean age was 30 +/- 6 years and 66 had infertility problems. Treatment was started within the first 3 days of the menstrual cycle and consisted of a subcutaneous injection of leuprorelin acetate 3.75 mg, repeated once monthly over 24 weeks. A follow-up period of 12 months after the last injection has been completed in 70 patients, including a second laparoscopy. At all visits, symptoms were evaluated, physical examinations performed, and blood samples collected for haematological screening, serum chemistry determinations and measurement of the gonadotrophins oestradiol and progesterone and leuprorelin acetate. The median score at laparoscopy fell from 12 before operation to 8 after operation and 2 after treatment with leuprorelin acetate. Of the total number of patients, 89% had improvements in their endometriosis, 8% a deterioration and 3% no change. Patients reported improvement in the following: dysmenorrhoea 93%, dyspareunia 62% and pelvic pain 70%. However, all women complained of at least one of the following symptoms: hot flushes 86%, sleep disturbance 62%, sweating 61%, headache 41%, nausea 32% and depression 20%. Fifty-five percent of patients reported additional side effects such as vaginal dryness, fatigue and lower abdominal pain. After the third injection, amenorrhoea persisted in 94% of the women. Four weeks after the first leuprorelin acetate injection median concentrations of oestradiol fell from 45 pg/ml to 11 pg/ml, follicle-stimulating hormone from 7 U/L to 3 U/L and luteinising hormone from 5 U/L to 1 U/L and remained almost unchanged over the observation period. During the 6 months' treatment, laboratory parameters showed no significant deviations from normal; only total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase increased. Treatment results were judged as good and satisfactory in 82% and 11% of cases, respectively. On the basis of this study, it can be concluded that leuprorelin acetate treatment is safe, well tolerated and effective in the medical management of endometriosis and endometriosis-related complaints.
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PMID:Treatment of endometriosis with leuprorelin acetate depot: a German multicentre study. 153 21

Seventy-three healthy, postmenopausal women, aged 45-54 years, were randomly assigned to one of three groups for 2 years of treatment: 17 beta-oestradiol 1.5 mg on days 1-12 and 17 beta-oestradiol 1.5 mg + desogestrel 150 micrograms on days 13-24 (E2/DG) or oestradiol valerate 2 mg on days 1-11 and oestradiol valerate 2 mg + medroxyprogesterone acetate 10 mg on days 12-21 (E2V/MPA) or placebo. Fifty-seven women (78%) completed the study. Bone mineral content of the distal regions of the forearms (measured by single photon absorptiometry, SPA) and bone mineral density of the spine (measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA) showed increases of 0.5-1% and 4-5%, respectively, in the hormone groups over 2 years. The placebo group exhibited a decrease in spinal bone density of 2% per year, and in the forearm of 2.5-3.5% per year. Biochemical estimates of bone turnover (serum alkaline phosphatase and fasting urinary calcium) decreased significantly to premenopausal levels in the hormone groups but remained unchanged in the placebo group. In both hormone groups total cholesterol decreased by about 9% (P less than 0.001), whereas low density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased by 16% in the E2/DG group and 20% in the E2V/MPA group (P less than 0.001). High density lipoprotein cholesterol showed only minor, insignificant changes in the hormone groups. The placebo group had virtually unchanged values. Climacteric symptoms, including hot flushes, were significantly reduced in both hormone groups. Bleeding occurred regularly in about 80% of the women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Desogestrel in hormone replacement therapy: long-term effects on bone, calcium and lipid metabolism, climacteric symptoms, and bleeding. 183 79

Twenty-four women with large, myomatous uteri, measuring between 218.7 and 2,920 cm3 were treated with gestrinone, a tri-enic steroid with antiestrogen and antiprogesterone properties. In order to saturate the receptors of the large myomata, the doses used to treat these women were twice the recommended dosage of 2.5 mg, 3 times weekly, used to treat smaller tumors. The treatment lasted 6 months to 1 year. In all cases there was a reduction in uterine volume. In the 24 patients, the mean uterine volume of 724.9 cm3 on admission decreased to 450.73 cm3 at 6 months. For 14 patients treated for a full year, the mean uterine volume of 689.73 cm3 decreased to 329.22 cm3. Menstruation was suppressed in all patients by the end of the 2nd month of treatment. Episodic bleeding occurred in 6 patients but in only 1 did this last longer than 1 week. Other symptoms such as pelvic discomfort and dysuria disappeared or were significantly alleviated by the 2nd month of treatment. Side effects included seborrhea, acne, nervousness, myalgia and arthraglia, hoarseness and mild hirsutism but all these symptoms were promptly reversed following discontinuation. The mean increase in weight was 3.4 kg in 6 months. No menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes and depression developed during this trial. Six patients complained of excessive sweating. Blood glucose creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, pyruvic and glutamic transaminases remained within the normal range.
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PMID:Treatment of large fibroids with high doses of gestrinone. 222 12

A long-acting LRH agonist (ICI 118630, Zoladex) was given by monthly subcutaneous injection to 25 patients with previously untreated symptomatic advanced prostatic carcinoma. The medication was well tolerated with the only side effect being hot flushes in 15 patients. Subjective improvement occurred in 22 patients, and disease remission or stabilization judged by objective criteria was seen in 21 and 18 patients from the total group at 3 and 6 months of treatment, respectively. Twelve of 18 patients followed for 1 year were still in objective remission/stabilization. Prostate volume measured by ultrasound decreased by a mean value of 75% and urine flow increased significantly. There were significant falls in serum testosterone and gonadotrophin levels and significant although lesser reductions in serum androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone. These changes were accompanied by significant reductions in serum acid and alkaline phosphatase and a rise in serum osteocalcin. Four patients (16%) experienced an initial tumor flare. Although only a small number of patients were studied, Zoladex appeared to be a well-tolerated agent for treatment of prostatic carcinoma, with an initial clinical response similar to that seen with standard endocrine therapy.
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PMID:Treatment of metastatic prostate carcinoma with the depot LRH analog Zoladex. 296 31

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study of Org OD 14 [(7 alpha,17 alpha)-17-hydroxy-7-methyl-19-norpregn-5(10)-en-20-yn-3-one] in 60 post-menopausal women, the effects of treatment on clinical parameters (hot flushes and associated complaints) and laboratory parameters (routine haematology and biochemistry) were evaluated. Assessments were made before treatment and after 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mth of therapy (in the case of the laboratory parameters after 6 and 12 mth only). In total, 17 patients dropped out, 6 of whom were on Org OD 14 and 11 on placebo. Clinical parameters were evaluated by means of the Yates test. Org OD 14 had a significantly better effect than placebo on hot flushes and sweating at all stages of assessment. A similar effect, albeit to a lesser extent, was seen on sleeplessness, fatigability, irritability and psychic instability. Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and phosphate decreased during Org OD 14 treatment. It was concluded that Org OD 14 provides a new, efficient and safe means of treating the post-menopausal syndrome.
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PMID:Long-term placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study of Org OD 14 in climacteric women. 330 89

A randomised, double-blind, cross-over study into the effect of graded sequential mestranol and norethisterone on climacteric symptoms was performed. The study group consisted of 23 post-menopausal women who had previously undergone hysterectomy. Active therapy resulted in a significant reduction in hot flushes and night sweats. There was a slight improvement in insomnia, lack of energy and confidence but the other symptoms were not significantly altered. A small placebo effect was noted but this was only significant 1 mth after active treatment had been discontinued in the group of women receiving placebo second. Active treatment also resulted in a significant reduction in serum sodium, calcium, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol, and increase in serum triglycerides, but no alteration in the other biochemical parameters, weight or blood pressure.
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PMID:A randomised, double-blind, cross-over study into the effect of sequential mestranol and norethisterone on climacteric symptoms and biochemical parameters. 675 Mar 25

A randomized double-blind cross-over study into the effect of northisterone on climacteric symptoms was performed on 23 postmenopausal women. Active therapy resulted in a significant reduction in the number and severity of hot flushes and night sweats. There was also a slight improvement in memory, insomnia and lack of energy but the other climacteric symptoms were not consistently altered. Side effects were minimal. There was a significant reduction in serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglycerides, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels. There was a variable effect on serum creatinine and urea but there was no significant alteration in the other biochemical profiles, liver-function tests, weight or blood pressure.
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PMID:A randomized double-blind cross-over trial into the effect of norethisterone on climacteric symptoms and biochemical profiles. 680 99

A new class of compounds known as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) may possess the optimal combination of characteristics desirable in a drug designed for use in postmenopausal women. Among this class of compounds, raloxifene is the most studied and is currently available for clinical use in some countries for the prevention of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. Raloxifene is a non-steroidal benzotiophene derivative shown to prevent bone loss at axial and appendicular sites and reduce serum cholesterol, like estrogen, in oophorectomized rats and in postmenopausal women. In animal models, unlike estrogen, raloxifene does not stimulate breast or uterine tissues. These appealing attributes make raloxifene a potential treatment for osteoporosis and other menopause related risks in middle aged and elderly women. Multicenter studies have been performed in early postmenopausal women, randomly assigned to receive raloxifene 30, 60, or 150 mg/day or placebo. All subjects received a calcium supplement. Bone mineral density, which was measured twice a year over 24 months by dual X-ray absorptiometry, decreased significantly at all skeletal sites with placebo, and significantly increased with raloxifene at the spine, hip, and total body at the three doses. At 24 months, the mean increase with raloxifene 60 mg compared with placebo was 2.4% at the lumbar spine and at the total hip, and 2% at the total body. Markers of bone formation (serum osteocalcin and bone specific alkaline phosphatase) and of resorption (urinary CrossLaps) decreased significantly to the premenopausal range within 3-6 months of treatment with raloxifene. In addition, total serum and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly in all raloxifene therapy groups in a dose-related fashion. Serum HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were not significantly changed by therapy. The most commonly observed side-effect was hot flushes, with patients taking raloxifene reporting a slightly higher rate of flushes (25%) than those on placebo (18%). This adverse event usually occurred within the first few months of therapy, was generally mild, and did not result in excess study dropout (raloxifene 1.5%, placebo 2.1%). Preliminary 2-year data indicated that raloxifene is not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. In summary, the clinical efficacy and safety of raloxifene is very promising and this compound will offer a particularly attractive choice for postmenopausal women.
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PMID:Clinical efficacy of raloxifene in postmenopausal women. 1042 20

Three hundred and one healthy women between 45 and 65 yr of age and at least 1 yr postmenopausal were randomly assigned to 12-month double-blind therapy with levormeloxifene [1.25 (n = 51), 5, 10, or 20 mg/day], low dose continuous combined hormone replacement therapy [HRT; 1 mg 17 beta-estradiol and 0.5 mg norethisterone acetate/day], or placebo (all n = 50). All of the women were also given a daily supplement of calcium (500 mg). Serum CrossLaps decreased by about 50% in the levormeloxifene groups, with no dose-response effect. The group receiving HRT decreased more (>60%), and the placebo group (500 mg calcium alone) decreased by about 10%. The pattern was similar for bone alkaline phosphatase, except that the decreases were smaller, about 30% for the levormeloxifene groups and 50% for the HRT group. Serum osteocalcin also showed highly significant decreases, of the same magnitude in the levormeloxifene and HRT groups. Spinal bone mineral density (BMD) decreased by less than 1% in the placebo group and increased by about 2% in the levormeloxifene groups and by almost 5% in the HRT group (P < 0.001 for the difference between levormeloxifene and HRT vs. placebo). BMD of the total hip and total body changed in the same direction, although differences between groups were not as pronounced as those for BMD spine. Total cholesterol decreased by about 13--20% during levormeloxifene therapy, whereas daily doses of 1 mg estradiol and 0.5 mg norethisterone acetate produced a decrease of only about 8%. Levormeloxifene decreased low density lipoprotein cholesterol by about 22-30% compared with about 12% in the low dose HRT group. High density lipoprotein cholesterol was unchanged in all groups. Endometrial thickness increased both clinically and statistically significantly in the levormeloxifene groups independently of the dose; the difference from the placebo and HRT groups was significant (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the HRT and placebo groups. Other adverse events of interest include hot flushes, which did not occur more frequently in the levormeloxifene than the placebo groups, but occurred significantly less frequently in the HRT group (P < 0.05). Breast tenderness was much more common in the HRT group (<0.001) than in all other groups. In conclusion, the study shows that levormeloxifene, a new selective estrogen receptor modulator, has positive effects on BMD and bone turnover and apparently strong estrogenic effects on the serum concentrations of different cholesterol subfractions. Levormeloxifene at the doses tested had an estrogen-like effect on endometrium and no effect on hot flushes. The study was unable to differentiate between the effects of the different doses of levormeloxifene.
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PMID:Efficacy of levormeloxifene in the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss and on the lipid profile compared to low dose hormone replacement therapy. 1115 42

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