Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0600142 (hot flushes)
 1,242 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The neuroendocrine and clinical effects of transdermal 17 beta-estradiol (rated at 50 micrograms/day; TTS 50) were studied in 40 postmenopausal women; ten additional postmenopausal women did not receive any drugs. The changes in LH and rectal temperature induced by the infusion of the opioid antagonist naloxone (10 mg i.v. bolus plus 10 mg/h for 4 h) were used to evaluate the central activity of endogenous opioid peptides. TTS 50 increased opioid activity, as evidenced by the restoration of the LH response (P less than 0.01) and the enhancement of the hypothermic effect (P less than 0.05) of naloxone. A greater reduction in hot flushes was observed in TTS 50-treated subjects than in untreated women, with the maximal effect of TTS 50 achieved after 3 months of therapy. TTS 50 did not modify the concentrations of circulating lipids, glucose or liver enzymes but reduced the biochemical parameters indicative of bone reabsorption. Bone density of the distal radius significantly increased during TTS 50 (P less than 0.02), reaching its maximum value after 6 months of therapy. Thereafter bone density declined, but more slowly than in untreated women. Our data suggest that TTS 50 has marked neuroendocrine effects, that it diminishes the incidence of hot flushes and reduces bone demineralization. By contrast, it has a very little, if any, metabolic impact on the liver or on glucose and lipid metabolism.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine and clinical effects of transdermal 17 beta-estradiol in postmenopausal women. 177 82

Despite widespread clinical use of conjugated oestrogens, there is a paucity of reported studies concerning the effect of such therapy in sequential combination with the progestin, medrogestone (Colpro; Akromed). In a double-blind study, 22 oestrogen-deficient women who had undergone hysterectomy (mean age 52,8 years) were treated initially for 6 cycles with either conjugated equine oestrogens 0.625 mg (CEE) for 21 days plus a placebo during the last 10 days of each cycle or the same oestrogen regimen with 10 days of medrogestone 5 mg/d. Thereafter the treatments were crossed over for a further 6 cycles. CEE monotherapy resulted in significantly decreased levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) (P less than 0,001) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (P less than 0,01) with an increase in 17 beta-oestradiol (P less than 0,001). Medrogestone had a synergistic effect on the lowering of FSH, LH and PRL. No treatment modality caused any significant changes in blood pressure, fasting glucose value or vaginal cellular percentages. The decrease in hot flush scores, already manifest at the end of the first cycle, were sustained throughout (P less than 0,001).
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PMID:Effects of conjugated equine oestrogens with and without the addition of cyclical medrogestone on hot flushes, liver function, blood pressure and endocrinological indices. 215 43

Twenty-four women with large, myomatous uteri, measuring between 218.7 and 2,920 cm3 were treated with gestrinone, a tri-enic steroid with antiestrogen and antiprogesterone properties. In order to saturate the receptors of the large myomata, the doses used to treat these women were twice the recommended dosage of 2.5 mg, 3 times weekly, used to treat smaller tumors. The treatment lasted 6 months to 1 year. In all cases there was a reduction in uterine volume. In the 24 patients, the mean uterine volume of 724.9 cm3 on admission decreased to 450.73 cm3 at 6 months. For 14 patients treated for a full year, the mean uterine volume of 689.73 cm3 decreased to 329.22 cm3. Menstruation was suppressed in all patients by the end of the 2nd month of treatment. Episodic bleeding occurred in 6 patients but in only 1 did this last longer than 1 week. Other symptoms such as pelvic discomfort and dysuria disappeared or were significantly alleviated by the 2nd month of treatment. Side effects included seborrhea, acne, nervousness, myalgia and arthraglia, hoarseness and mild hirsutism but all these symptoms were promptly reversed following discontinuation. The mean increase in weight was 3.4 kg in 6 months. No menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes and depression developed during this trial. Six patients complained of excessive sweating. Blood glucose creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, pyruvic and glutamic transaminases remained within the normal range.
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PMID:Treatment of large fibroids with high doses of gestrinone. 222 12

Org OD 14 is a new steroid drug taken orally that appears to act weekly but simultaneously on the estrogens, androgens and progestins. The drug eliminates blood FSH and LH in menopausal women without affecting PRL levels. It also proved more effective than a placebo in controlling hot flushes and related disturbances. The patients treated reveal no reduction in bone mineral content. The incidence of side effects was very low and comparable to the findings in the placebo-treated control group: in particular, there were no changes in body weight, hair distribution of blood pressure. Biochemical studies revealed no alteration in live enzymes, bilirubin, CBG, or cortisol. There was a slight reduction in glucose tolerance but long-term studies revealed no change in the glucoproteins. There was a certain drop in HDL-cholesterol with a tendency to normalise even the long-term and a simultaneous decrease in VLDL and triglycerides which should minimise the risk of cardiovascular pathology. No damaging interference with blood clotting was noted. It may be concluded that oral Org OD 14 is effective and safe for the treatment of menopausal patients.
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PMID:New steroid for the climacteric syndrome. 265 54

We administered ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) as a bolus intravenous injection (1 microgram/kg) at 09.00 and at 20.00 to assess the influence of circadian changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis on the response to CRF. The increase in plasma ACTH levels after CRF was only slightly lower in the morning than in the evening. The plasma cortisol response to ACTH, however, was significantly greater in the evening than in the morning (p less than 0.005). At both times of day CRF administration had no effect on plasma concentrations of GH, PRL, LH, AVP, insulin, PRA or glucose. No effects were observed on the hematopoietic system, kidneys or liver. In addition, CRF had no effect on heart rate, blood pressure or respiratory rate at the dose employed. Approximately 10% of the subjects complained of a transient upper body and facial hot flush. These observations indicate that the magnitude of the plasma cortisol rise after CRF depends on the time of administration.
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PMID:Ovine corticotropin-releasing factor administration in normal men. Pituitary and adrenal responses in the morning and evening. 298 99

In a group of 20 menopausal women 45-78 years old (mean age 62.4), with typical symptoms such as dryness of the vagina, urinary disturbances, "mental" symptoms, or vasomotor disturbances, treated with topical vaginal estrogen cream, we examined the glucose tolerance, as expressed by Gycohemoglobin (HbA1c) and GTT. Estrogen, well absorbed by the vaginal epithelium gives rise to the HbA1c from a mean of 6.4% to 14.78% (P less than 0.0001). The GTT too shows a glucose intolerance, but never a frank diabetic picture. In four cases in which the cardinal symptoms were vasomotor disturbances (hot flushes, profuse sweating) the addition of oral clonidine hydrochlorate (Clonirit) to the vaginal estrogen cream, leads to the relief of symptoms. The Glycohemoglobin test is fast, inexpensive and easy to perform in every laboratory, giving the possibility of discovering an unknown or borderline diabetes.
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PMID:Increase in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in menopausal women treated with vaginal estrogen cream. 406 6

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacologic effects of human insulin (Novo) derived from porcine insulin were studied by a double-blind crossover comparison with porcine monocomponent insulin in healthy volunteers. Both insulins were given by subcutaneous (s.c.) and intravenous (i.v.) injection to healthy male volunteers. The doses of injected insulin were 0.05 U/kg and 0.1 U/kg for the s.c. study, and 0.025 U/kg and 0.05 U/kg for the i.v. study. The plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) increased rapidly, plasma C-peptide and glucose decreased gradually, and plasma glucagon increased transiently after injection of the insulins. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacologic actions of human insulin were essentially similar to those of porcine insulin. The area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) of IRI was slightly greater after s.c. injection of human insulin than after that of porcine insulin at the 0.05-U/kg dose level. Because no significant difference was observed in the plasma C-peptide level and no such difference was noticed in the AUC of IRI between the two insulins after i.v. injection, the bioavailability of human insulin seemed to be greater than that of porcine insulin after s.c. injection. The plasma glucose-reducing effect was slightly greater after s.c. injection of 0.05 U/kg of human insulin than after s.c. injection of the same dose of porcine insulin. Apart from symptoms of hypoglycemia (sweating, palpitations, and hot flushes), no other unwanted reactions were observed after administration of either insulin. These results suggest that human insulin has a usefulness similar to that of porcine insulin in clinical practice. The clinical relevance of the slight difference in bioavailability observed in the s.c. study remains to be investigated.
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PMID:Comparative clinical pharmacology of human insulin (Novo) and porcine insulin in normal subjects. 634 32

In an open non-comparative prospective trial of 12 months' duration, we investigated the role of a novel hormone replacement therapy regimen in 40 post-menopausal women who sought hormone replacement therapy. The regimen consisted of continuous administration of 0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogen coupled with a fixed low-dose of micronized oral progesterone administered for 23 days every calendar month. The regimen was well-tolerated, producing no major side-effects and was effective in relieving menopausal symptoms. The study showed that 40% of the women experienced side-effects and 20% withdrew from the study. Half of the 20% of the women who dropped out did so for reasons not related to treatment. All symptomatic women experienced improvement after the 1st month, and virtually all were asymptomatic by the 3rd month of treatment, persisting until the end of the trial with the average number of hot flushes per day declining from the pretreatment levels by 96%. Amenorrhea was observed in 47% of patients, amenorrhea and minimal vaginal bleeding in 78% but acyclic bleeding was present in 28% of those in whom bleeding was re-established. Endometrial atrophy was induced in the majority of patients and no atypical endometrial hyperplasia was encountered. No significant changes were observed in blood glucose or liver enzymes. The mean percentage changes from baseline for serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and LDL/HDL ratio were -6%, +32% (p < 0.001), -16% (p < 0.05), +15% (p < 0.05) and -23% (p < 0.05), respectively. The regimen was clinically effective and its apparent lack of major side-effects, the protective effect on the endometrium, the added advantage of minimal vaginal bleeding and the beneficial effect on lipid/lipoprotein levels, offer an attractive therapy and improved compliance with postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of near-continuous oral micronized progesterone therapy in estrogenized postmenopausal women. 873 91

The authors retrospectively evaluated 1,773 climacteric outpatients in order to establish: (a) criteria able to distinguish different conditions in the transitional phase before menopause (advanced fertile age and premenopause) and (b) premenopause-related changes during the transition from one to the other of several clinical and laboratory parameters. Results showed an increase in gonadotropin plasma levels, a decrease in estrogen plasma levels and a greater frequency of women complaining of hot flushes in premenopause compared to advanced fertile age, as an expression of the progressive decline of ovarian function. Premenopause-related changes were a decrease in thyroid function and an increase in the body mass index, the beginning of bone loss, an increase in glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels and a greater frequency of women complaining of hypertension and urinary stress incontinence. An increase in total proteins, uric acid and aminotransferase serum levels was also noted.
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PMID:Premenopause-dependent changes. 887 18

Hot flashes and night sweats are frequently experienced as the cardinal symptoms of menopause. However, their physiological basis has not been explained; nor have any potential risks been explored. Current knowledge and theoretical perspectives regarding hot flashes will be presented and contrasted with evidence for an emerging hypothesis of altered brain glucose availability as the hot flash trigger. Perspectives regarding hormone therapy and alternative therapies for treatment of hot flashes will be presented and directions for future research reviewed.
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PMID:What we know about managing menopausal hot flashes: navigating without a compass. 1290 95


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