Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0600142 (hot flushes)
 1,242 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the menopause transition, ovarian steroid production is gradually inhibited and around 35% of women will seek medical help for postmenopausal symptoms. The hot flush is a characteristic manifestation occurring in about 70% of women; it is associated with oestrogen withdrawal and disappears with oestrogen-based hormone replacement therapy. The exact mechanism behind it is still unclear but is probably related to heat loss mechanisms. The flush often occurs in parallel to changes in skin temperature, blood flow, pulse rate and pulses of luteinizing hormone (LH). These are probably secondary to a disturbance in the thermoregulatory centre of the CNS, which is anatomically close to neurons containing gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Depression is no more frequent in the menopausal transition than at other times in life. After surgical menopause, however, oestrogen improves low mood over placebo. In women with premenstrual syndrome, an increased feeling of well-being is associated with the pre-ovulatory oestrogen peak. Progestogens are associated with negative mood changes during the menstrual cycle, oral contraception and postmenopausal replacement therapy. Certain progesterone metabolites are anaesthetic and have anti-epileptic and anxiolytic properties, effects which are mediated via the type A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor. Oestrogen is associated with increased sensory perception, locomotory activity, limb coordination and balance: this may help explain the increased frequency of bone fractures in the early postmenopausal period. Oestrogen improves memory and performance in patients with mild Alzheimer's dementia and increases epileptic activity in patients with partial epilepsy. These effects can be related to amplifying effects of oestrogen on excitatory amino acids in the CNS.
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PMID:Symptoms related to the menopause and sex steroid treatments. 858 96

In the menopause transition, around 35% of women will seek medical help for menopausal symptoms. At the climacteric, various symptoms such as forgetfulness, anxiety, depressive neurosis, abnormal sensation, hot flush and sleeplessness are often observed due to hypofunction of the ovaries. There is some indication that women become more anxious during times of relatively low level of estrogen and progesterone such as premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, maternity blues and menopausal state. The exact mechanism behind it is still unclear but is probably related to the decrease of ovarian hormones, which may be triggering psychiatric mood disorders. It is known that ovarian hormones act on specific areas of the brain and appear to act as anxiolytics. Certain progesterone metabolites are anesthetic and have antiepileptic and anxiolytic properties. These steroids modulate the type A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA)/benzodiazepine receptor. This may help explain the increased frequency of anxiety disorders and mood disorders in the early postmenopausal period. In addition, estrogen also improves memory and performance in patients with mild Alzheimer's dementia. These effects can be related to amplifying effects of estrogen on excitatory amino acids in the brain. This is suggested that gonadal steroidal hormones seemed to be one of the essential substances for the maintenance of the limbic system and forebrain function which regulated anxiety, mood, memory and cognitive functions in menopausal women.
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PMID:[Menopause and anxiety: focus on steroidal hormones and GABAA receptor]. 1087 12

Trimegestone (TMG) is a novel, 19-norpregnane progestin with potent and selective properties. In preclinical studies, TMG has been shown to provide high endometrial selectivity. Further, TMG has high affinity and selectivity for the progesterone receptor and lacks the agonist effects of other steroid hormones. In clinical studies, TMG has been shown to have high endometrial safety and an improved bleeding profile along with improved tolerability compared with other progestins. In addition, TMG also does not impede the beneficial effects of estrogen, especially on bone, and does not compromise quality of life. The preclinical findings of lack of mineralocorticoid activity of TMG were supported in clinical findings, with neutral effect on body weight. Similarly, the smaller effect of TMG on the GABA-ergic (gamma-aminobutyric acid) system in preclinical studies is consistent with the improvement of central nervous system-related effects on depressed mood and sleep quality in clinical studies. Low-dose estradiol/TMG regimens provide rapid relief from menopausal symptoms, reducing the number and severity of hot flushes as effectively as 2 mg 17beta-estradiol/1 mg norethisterone acetate. Therefore, it may be concluded that TMG provides a clinically proven option in hormone therapy for both clinicians and patients.
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PMID:Preclinical and clinical properties of trimegestone: a potent and selective progestin. 1761 54