Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0600142 (hot flushes)
 1,242 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Menopause is a process, either naturally or medically induced, that occurs in nearly all women at some point in life. Some of the most commonly reported symptoms associated with menopause are hot flushes/flashes, fatigue, headaches, irritability, insomnia, and depression. These symptoms overlap with symptoms commonly reported in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) as well as postconcussive syndrome. This overlap between symptoms commonly associated with menopause and neuropsychological conditions makes it necessary to have the base rates of these symptoms and conditions available. The purpose of the present review was to consolidate the clinical literature on the most commonly reported menopausal symptoms and to calculate the base rates associated with these symptoms.
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PMID:A review of symptoms commonly associated with menopause: implications for clinical neuropsychologists and other health care providers. 1458 9

HRT should not be used for prevention of cardiovascular and coronary artery disease. While estrogen plays a role in osteoporosis, the bisphosphonates and raloxifene demonstrate equal or superior efficacy for prevention and treatment, compared with HRT. HRT decreases the risk of colon cancer but increases a woman's chance of developing breast cancer. Short-term use of low-dose HRT remains a valid option for management of menopausal symptoms, especially hot flushes. Pharmacists can help patients interpret the information in the press and guide them in weighing the risks and benefits as they evaluate HRT for use in their own individual situations.
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PMID:MenoPAUSE: taking a second look at the role of HRT. 1462 25

In a randomized, 2-group clinical study, acupuncture was used for the relief of menopausal hot flushes, sleep disturbances, and mood changes. The experimental acupuncture treatment consisted of specific acupuncture body points related to menopausal symptoms. The comparison acupuncture treatment consisted of a treatment designated as a general tonic specifically designed to benefit the flow of Ch'i (energy). Results from the experimental acupuncture treatment group showed a decrease in mean monthly hot flush severity for site-specific acupuncture. The comparison acupuncture treatment group had no significant change in severity from baseline over the treatment phase. Sleep disturbances in the experimental acupuncture treatment group declined over the study. Mood changes in both the experimental acupuncture treatment group and the comparison acupuncture treatment group showed a significant difference between the baseline and the third month of the study. Acupuncture using menopausal-specific sites holds promise for nonhormonal relief of hot flushes and sleep disturbances.
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PMID:Can acupuncture ease the symptoms of menopause? 1465 May 71

As the number of breast cancer survivors continues to grow, factors associated with quality of life are receiving increased clinical and research attention. This attention is imperative given the aftermath of psychological and physiologic side effects that commonly result from a cancer diagnosis and cancer-related treatments, including menopausal symptoms. Hot flashes, the most prevalent of these symptoms, have been shown to significantly decrease quality of life in women. Although manageable with hormone replacement therapy (HRT), hot flashes often are especially problematic in breast cancer survivors, a population that typically is not treated with HRT because of controversial evidence of a relationship among estrogen and/or progesterone and breast cancer recurrence and mortality. Furthermore, hot flashes commonly are more severe in premenopausal women who experience acute menopause as a result of chemotherapy treatment. In recent years, several treatment alternatives to HRT have been investigated. Given the significant number of women affected by breast cancer and the negative impact that hot flashes can have on their quality of life, this article reviews alternatives to HRT for reducing hot flash symptoms in breast cancer survivors.
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PMID:Treating hot flashes in breast cancer survivors: a review of alternative treatments to hormone replacement therapy. 1470 78

Many women use alternative therapies to treat hot flushes and other menopausal symptoms. The purpose of this review is to summarize current information on the efficacy and safety of phytoestrogens and the herbal medicine black cohosh. A preponderance of evidence indicates that phytoestrogens are ineffective in treating hot flushes. Trials of black cohosh, many of which are small, of limited duration and of poor methodological quality, provide conflicting results, and at present it is unclear whether black cohosh is more effective than placebo. Although phytoestrogens and black cohosh appear to be safe when used for short periods of time, much larger and longer studies are needed to detect infrequent but potentially serious adverse events. Women who do not wish to take hormone therapy to treat menopausal symptoms should be encouraged to consider using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other conventional therapeutic options.
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PMID:Review of alternative therapies for treatment of menopausal symptoms. 1500 46

Menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes and night sweats can be very disrupting. While hormone replacement therapy is an effective therapy, concerns about side effects and breast cancer risk have stimulated interest into alternative therapies such as phytoestrogens. These are oestrogen-like compounds made by plants. Two major sources of phytoestrogens are soy and red clover. Data on randomised controlled trials of red clover for the control of menopausal symptoms are presented. The conflicting data are encouraging and suggest that phytoestrogens are a treatment modality that needs pursuing.
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PMID:Red clover isoflavones and menopausal health. 1510 99

Menopausal symptoms are common and problematic for women receiving adjuvant treatment for breast cancer and management presents a challenge. This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to investigate the experience of menopausal symptoms, current management and treatment preferences of 113 patients with breast cancer. These women (who were prescribed tamoxifen and were on average 3 years post-diagnosis) were recruited from a breast unit database. They completed the Hot Flush and Night Sweats Questionnaire (HFNSQ), the Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ) and subscales of the EORTC-QLQ-C30 and the BR23, as well as questions about treatments. Forty-four of this sample were also interviewed. The prevalence of hot flushes and night sweats was 80 and 72%, respectively (average 30 per week). Having more problematic hot flushes and night sweats were associated with more anxiety and sleep problems (WHQ), and with poorer emotional and social functioning and worse body image (EORTC-QLQ-C30). The women had used a range of treatments for menopausal symptoms but there was often no evidence for the efficacy for many of these treatments. Strongest preferences were for non-medical treatments, particularly vitamins and herbal remedies and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). The evidence for the effectiveness of the former is weak, whereas CBT has been shown to reduce menopausal symptoms, but needs to be evaluated in a population of women who have been treated for breast cancer.
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PMID:Menopausal symptoms in women with breast cancer: prevalence and treatment preferences. 1538 41

At least 20 million postmenopausal women worldwide now use some form of hormone replacement therapy. This figure is increasing because the resistance of the medical community to these therapies is diminishing and because of increasing acknowledgement of the benefits of such therapies on the cardiovascular system. This is a remarkable development for a medication originally used to relieve menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes and to prevent bone loss. Although several mechanisms are now accepted to be involved in this protection from cardiovascular disease, changes in plasma lipoproteins remain a major area of research interest. The main issue in this field, whether the addition of a progestogen to postmenopausal oestrogen ('combined therapy') will diminish the benefits on the cardiovascular system, remains unresolved, but combined therapies have now been formulated that minimize the potentially detrimental effects of progestogens on plasma lipoproteins. Recent findings of interest include the effects of these therapies on plasma lipoprotein (a) concentration and on LDL particle size. Studies of the mechanisms behind such changes are needed.
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PMID:Post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy, coronary heart disease and plasma lipoproteins. 1555 31

Earliest known references to menopause have been very scarce. Aristotle referred to age at menopause being 40 years. A French physician coined the term menopause in 1821. Medical interest in menopause increased considerably in mid 19th century. In 1930s people started describing it as a deficiency disease. Consequently, various replenishment therapies were advocated eg. testicular juice, crushed ovaries of animals. In 1970s medicalization of menopause was complete. Menopausal symptoms were ascribed to estrogen deficiency and estrogen (hormone) replacement therapy was exhorted as the ultimate liberation of middle aged women. Synthetic estrogen was developed in 1938. Medical industry (Pharmaceuticals) entered the scenario of menopause in a big way and dominated the center stage. In 1970s International Menopause Society was established. First International Congress on Menopause was also organized in Paris, France in 1976. Various countries have formed national societies on menopause. Symptomatology of menopause differs in different ares of the world e.g In West - hot flush, in Japan shoulder pain and in India low vision are the hallmarks of menopause. HRT use rate is high in West while it is low or negligible in countries like India. Age at menopause is also higher in West as compared to the range of 45-47 years in developing countries like India. Historically also a lower age at menopause was range documented in earlier times. This rose to the range of 50-51 years in the present era.Overall, women in western countries view menopause negatively. This is contrasted with a positive outlook towards menopause in a developing country like India.
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PMID:A historical perspective on menopause and menopausal age. 1598 76

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), once considered as the gold standard of treatment of menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis, introduced about seventy years ago still continuing with lot of controversies. Menopause, a transitional period of women's life, is not an illness when oestrogen level falls leading to its consequences. Results of earlier observational studies showed beneficial effects of HRT including cardiovascular protection. But all recent randomized controlled trials have failed to prove these positive effects, rather increases the cardiovascular risk and breast cancer. Women's Health Initiative(WHI), one of the recent randomized controlled trials was stopped prematurely in 2002 due to unfavorable risk-benefit ratio. HRT is not the only way of treating the menopausal symptoms and other consequences of estrogen deficiency. There are suitable alternatives without bearing the risk of HRT. Vasomotor symptoms with hot flushes and sweating experienced by about 75 percent of menopausal women can be treated with alternatives like phyto-estrogens, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), clonidine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, acupuncture, exercise, behavioral therapy etc. HRT is no longer considered as the first line of treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. It can be treated with alternatives like regular weight bearing exercise, balanced calcium rich diet, maintaining weight, avoidance of bone robbers, (like excess alcohol, caffeine, smoking), use of SERMs etc. Use of HRT should be individualized and rationalized considering its risks and benefits.
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PMID:Evaluation of hormone replacement therapy. 1605 16


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