Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0600142 (hot flushes)
 1,242 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Menopausal hot flushes are accompanied by profuse sweating, decreased skin resistance, modest tachycardia and cutaneous vasodilation. With the exception of the last effect, these events are consistent with an abrupt increase in sympathetic outflow. Blood flow in the human finger is controlled through sympathetic vasoconstricting nerves, and increased sympathetic activation results in digital vasoconstriction. We therefore sought to determine if digital vasodilation during hot flushes was mediated through efferent sympathetic nerves. Bilateral finger temperature and blood flow were recorded after the digital nerves on one hand had been blocked with a local injection of lidocaine. The effectiveness of the nerve blocks was verified by a reflex vasoconstriction test. Hot flushes were objectively defined using skin conductance responses recorded from the sternum. Fifteen hot flushes occurred in 8 women. Significant elevations in finger temperature and blood flow occurred during the flushes, in nerve-blocked and intact fingers. These findings suggest that digital vasodilation during hot flushes is due to a circulating vasodilating substance.
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PMID:Nonneural mediation of digital vasodilation during menopausal hot flushes. 800 77

A prospective study was conducted amongst Hong Kong Chinese women to determine the incidence of acute menopausal symptoms following surgical menopause. Cases where a laparotomy was performed for other indications were used as controls. Hot flushes and sweating developed in 8/33 (24.2%) and 6/33 (18.2%), respectively, of those women having had a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Whilst vasomotor symptoms were more frequent in those women who had undergone a surgical menopause than in the controls, women in this population were shown to suffer fewer symptoms than has been demonstrated in Caucasian women. Although this study does not help to explain why such differences exist, the relative absence of symptoms may contribute to the low demand for hormone replacement therapy in Hong Kong and other countries where climacteric symptoms are relatively infrequent.
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PMID:A prospective study of the frequency of acute menopausal symptoms in Hong Kong Chinese women. 801

Androcur 50 was administered as monotherapy (n = 73) or as combined therapy with LH-RH agonists (n = 130) in 203 patients during a 6 month period. Eighty two patients had a local invasive disease, 119 had metastatic disease and 2 had a tumor confined to the prostate. Quality of life could be evaluated in 164 patients considered as valid cases for efficacy analysis. General well being improved in 41% of the patients, appetite was better in 34% of the patients and weight increased in 36%. Pain due to metastatic disease decreased or stabilised in 96% of the patients. Of the 203 patients, 8 patients had objective metastatic progression which led to death in one patient. The incidence of side effects observed in all 203 is as follows: 9% gynaecomastia, 6.5% gastro-intestinal disorders. Hot flushes were reported in 2% of the patients in the monotherapy and in 13% of the patients in the combined treatment. This open not controlled trial shows that the use of Androcur 50 in monotherapy or in combined treatment is an effective drug for prostatic carcinoma, improves quality of life and is generally well tolerated.
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PMID:Androcur 50 in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. Belgian multicentric study with the participation of 30 urologists. 819 33

To determine the optimal daily dose of a new antiestrogen, droloxifene, for the treatment of advanced breast cancer, we have conducted a multicenter, randomized, double blind trial. Postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer, who could not benefit from loco regional therapy, with positive or unknown estrogen or progesterone receptors were entered in this study. Droloxifene was administered in a double blind randomized design, with daily dose of either 20 (group I), 40 (group II) or 100 mg (group III). None of the patients had received previous systemic antitumor therapy, with the exception of adjuvant chemotherapy terminated at least one year before the patient's recruitment. Patients with at least one measurable tumoral lesion were entered into the trial. Three hundred and sixty nine patients have been enrolled, 234 are fully evaluable for efficacy. Objective response rate (CR + PR) is 31.1, 44.6 and 41.9% for the groups I, II and III respectively (P = NS). Time to response has been short: in the three groups, 50% of the responses have been observed within the 2 first months of treatment. Time to disease progression is 6, 8.3 and 6 months respectively for the 20, 40 and 100 mg/day treatment group. Side effects have been moderate and not dose related. Hot flushes and gastro intestinal disorders have been observed most often. This promising new drug deserves further study and randomized comparison versus tamoxifen.
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PMID:[Treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women with droloxifene: results of a double-blind phase II trial for dose determination]. 820 43

To determine the efficacy of transdermal clonidine for alleviating post-orchiectomy hot flashes, a randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial was designed including 70 men with a history of prostate cancer who had undergone a medical or surgical orchiectomy and were suffering from hot flashes. The results of this study demonstrated that clonidine did not significantly decrease hot flash frequency or severity. Future research is necessary to find effective means of alleviating hot flashes in post-orchiectomy patients.
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PMID:Transdermal clonidine for ameliorating post-orchiectomy hot flashes. 830 73

Hot flushes are frequently incapacitating to the patient and the severe vasomotor disturbances may seriously impair normal daily life. This review attempts to provide an understanding of the pathophysiology of the hot flush as a basis for rationale therapy for each individual patient. The physiological mechanisms controlling body temperature are discussed briefly, and the changes in the system which precipitate the menopausal hot flush are detailed. The neuroendocrine events leading to the onset of the flushing syndrome are then considered. Finally, the therapeutic strategies which may be used in the management of the affected patient are discussed.
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PMID:Postmenopausal hot flushes and their management. 836 97

Hot flushes and night sweats are one of the main symptoms accompanying the menopause, and are a main reason for seeking medical help at this time. This study of 61 women (reporting hot flushes once a week or more) investigates dimensions of subjective reporting using open questions and rating scales. Two separate factors were delineated using a principal component factor analysis - frequency (of hot flushes and night sweats) and problem ratings (of distress, interference and perception of flushes as problematic) - which had high test-retest reliability. The frequency ratings correlated highly with prospective daily monitoring. Depressed mood, anxiety and low self-esteem, but not frequency, discriminated between those who regarded flushes as problematic and those who did not. It is suggested that these two subjective measures should be used in assessment and in evaluation of hormonal and psychological interventions.
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PMID:A psychological analysis of menopausal hot flushes. 856 66

In an open, prospective clinical trial enrolling 205 patients, efficacy and safety of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist leuprorelin acetate depot (LAD) in the treatment of patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma were assessed. 3.75 mg of the LAD formulation was injected subcutaneously in monthly intervals. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the analogue in producing and maintaining castration levels of testosterone over a > 3-year follow-up period and to determine its safety profile. Median pretreatment serum testosterone levels fell from 350 to 21 ng/dl after 4 weeks and 20 ng/dl after 45 months. The long-term clinical efficacy of the LAD formulation can be expressed by best treatment response over time. These respective figures read as follows: 10.7% complete response; 49.8% partial response; 34.1% no change; 1.5% progression, and 3.9% no data available. The median time to progression was 12 (15 +/- 11) months. Median survival time calculated by Kaplan-Meier exceeded 42.5 months for patients on monotherapy and 30.9 months for those on combination therapy. Hot flushes which were related to androgen deprivation were the most common side effects. Patients and treating physicians judged tolerability of LAD in more than 90% as good. Androgen deprivation remains the mainstay of hormone-dependent advanced carcinoma of the prostate. Up to now, surgical castration has been considered the standard method. LAD is an advantage in the endocrine treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma and is a good alternative to castration.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of leuprorelin acetate depot for prostate cancer. The German Leuprorelin Study Group. 877 14

The specific aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of elicitation of the relaxation response for the treatment of menopausal hot flashes and concurrent psychological symptoms. The volunteer sample consisted of 33 women, between the ages of 44 and 66 years, who were in general good health, with a minimum of 6 months without a menstrual period, experiencing at least five hot flashes per 24-h, and not using hormone replacement therapy. The setting was an outpatient clinic in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The interventions used were relaxation response training and an attention-control group and a daily symptom diary measuring both the frequency and intensity of hot flashes, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Profile of Mood Scale (POMS) were the measures used. This was a randomized, controlled, prospective study. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups (relaxation response, reading, or control) for the 10-week study. The first 3 weeks of baseline measurement of frequency and intensity of hot flash symptoms, and the preintervention psychological scores were compared with the final 3 weeks measurement of frequency and intensity and the postintervention psychological scores for symptomatic improvement. The relaxation response group demonstrated significant reductions in hot flash intensity (p < 0.05), tension-anxiety (p < 0.05) and depression (p < 0.05). The reading group demonstrated significant reductions in trait-anxiety (p < 0.05) and confusion-bewilderment (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes for the control group. Daily elicitation of the relaxation response leads to significant reductions in hot flash intensity and the concurrent psychological symptoms of tension-anxiety and depression.
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PMID:The effects of relaxation response training on menopausal symptoms. 899 86

Despite wide variation in the reporting of hot flashes and night sweats among menopausal women, what differentiates symptomatic from asymptomatic women is not well understood. In this article, we use longitudinal data from a large cohort of initially premenopausal women to address premenopausal factors predictive of length of the perimenopause, frequency of hot flash/night sweat (HF/NS) reporting, bothersomeness of HF/NS, and treatment seeking during menopause. The sample for analysis consists of 454 women from the Massachusetts Women's Health Study who were premenopausal at baseline and postmenopausal by the sixth and last study follow-up. Each of the four study outcomes was modeled as a function of premenopausal characteristics using logistic regression. Results confirm a wide range of symptom reporting, with 23% of women not reporting HF/NS at any of the six interviews. Variables related to greater frequency of HF/NS reporting included a longer perimenopause, more psychological and physical symptoms prior to menopause, lower education, and more negative attitudes toward menopause prior to menopause. Symptom bothersomeness was related to greater frequency of HF/NS reporting, smoking, and being divorced. Variables that predicted medical doctor consultation were greater frequency and bothersomeness of symptoms, higher education, and greater health care utilization. We conclude that general symptom reporting, attitudes toward menopause, and lifestyle factors can explain some of the individual variation in symptom reporting.
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PMID:Psychosocial, behavioral, and health factors related to menopause symptomatology. 933 53


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