Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0600142 (hot flushes)
 1,242 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A double-blind comparison of moclobemide and toloxatone was performed in adult out-patients diagnosed as suffering from a major depressive disorder. Parallel groups of patients received moclobemide, 450 mg/day (n = 135) or toloxatone, 1000 mg/day (n = 133) for 28 days. Both groups showed a significant clinical improvement while on therapy; the response was most marked and rapid in those receiving moclobemide treatment. Improvement was greatest in those patients with the most severe depression at the time of trial onset. A significantly higher number of patients returned to normal sleep patterns following moclobemide treatment than following toloxatone. Overall, tolerance was rated as good or very good in more than 80% of patients. The most frequent complaints in the moclobemide-treated group were hot flushes, dry mouth, constipation and headache, while an increase in anxiety was associated with toloxatone usage. Moclobemide was found to be as effective as toloxatone in the treatment of major depressive episodes, but with the advantages of improved sleep patterns and reduced anxiety.
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PMID:A double-blind comparison of moclobemide and toloxatone in out-patients presenting a major depressive disorder. 154 24

Clonidine and doxepin alleviate the symptoms of the opiate withdrawal syndrome. Clonidine was slightly more effective in controlling sweating, hot flushes, palpitations and nausea, and doxepin was slightly more effective in relieving the craving for opiates, lassitude and depression. Adverse effects such as sedation, dry mouth and falls in blood pressure occurred in both groups. There were six cases of collapse during treatment with high doses of doxepin, whereas only one subjective circulatory effect occurred in the clonidine group. At these high doses, doxepin may cause orthostatic hypotension via a peripheral alpha-receptor blockade. Clonidine reduced pulse rate whereas doxepin, with its anticholinergic action and indirectly via its alpha-receptor blocking action, raised it. Several patients in the doxepin group hat fits, as opposed to only one in the clonidine group. It is possible that the use of barbiturates had reduced the convulsive threshold in some of our patients. Overall, clonidine and doxepin were equipotent at adequate individual dose levels, and both were well tolerated. In this trial, serious side-effects occurred less often in the clonidine group.
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PMID:A controlled comparison of clonidine and doxepin in the treatment of the opiate withdrawal syndrome. 352 50

One hundred and eighty-one patients with treated Parkinson's disease completed a self-administered questionnaire on symptoms, and their responses were compared with those of 263 control subjects randomly selected from a general practice population. Nine symptoms were reported by the patients with more than a fivefold excess when compared with the controls. These included jerking of the limbs, shaking of the hands, excessive salivation, poor mental concentration, grimacing, being frozen or rooted to the spot, and hallucinations. Compared with the general control population, the patients did not have an excess of stomach or limb pain, indigestion, headache, or any decrease of interest in sex. This observational survey, unlike a randomised controlled trial, could not ensure that the different treatment groups were comparable in important respects. However, certain associations were apparent; for example, patients receiving both a decarboxylase inhibitor and levodopa tended to report fewer attacks of being frozen to the spot, fewer problems with salivation, and a reduced frequency of defaecation. Patients receiving anticholinergic drugs reported an excess of dry mouth, faintness, and dyskinesia, and fewer hot flushes.
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PMID:The symptoms of patients treated for Parkinson's disease. 400 65

Efficacy and safety of NK 622 (toremifene citrate) were compared with tamoxifen (TAM) by a double blind test in patients with advanced or recurrent breast cancer. NK 622 and TAM were given orally for 12 weeks or more at daily doses of 40 and 20 mg/body, respectively. Eligible cases in NK622 and TAM groups were both 57 patients. No significant difference was observed in patient characteristics between either group. Response rates were 26.3% (8 CR and 7 PR, 15/57) in the NK 622 group and 28.1% (3 CR and 13 PR, 16/57) in the TAM group. Median values of duration to onset of CR were 91 days in the NK 622 group and 169 days in the TAM group. The duration was significantly shorter with the NK 622 group. Median duration of efficacy in CR and PR cases was 155 days in the NK 622 group and 154.5 days in the TAM group. Adverse effects were encountered in 7 patients (12.3%) of each of the 2 groups. The side effects were fatigue, hot flush, WBC decrease, abnormal values in liver function tests, etc. in the NK 622 group and anorexia, nausea, eruption, feeling of warmth, sweating, dry mouth, dizziness, abnormal values in liver function tests, etc. in the TAM group. Administration was discontinued in one patient with eruption and another patient with abnormal values of liver function tests in the TAM group, while there was no such case in the NK 622 group. Including the discontinued cases, the side effects were moderate and reversible in both groups. The patients in whom a drug was determined as useful or more numbered 24/57 (42.1%) in the NK 622 group and 23/57 (40.4%) in the TAM group. There was not significant difference between the 2 groups in the above results except the duration to onset of CR. From these results, NK 622 is expected to show comparable efficacy, safety, and usefulness in patients undergoing TAM treatment for advanced or recurrent breast cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of NK 622 (toremifene citrate) in advanced or recurrent breast cancer--a comparative study by a double blind method with tamoxifen]. 843 63

Menopause is a physiological process typically occurring in the fifth decade of life in women, and involving permanent cessation of menstruation. Menopause is the consequence of hormonal changes that produce a series of general manifestations that have become increasingly important as a result of the increased female life expectancy in the industrialized world; indeed, such manifestations are observed throughout the last third of the female lifetime. However, oral symptoms are also found in addition to the more general manifestations of menopause (i.e., hot flush and psychological alterations). In this sense, an increased incidence is observed of dry mouth (xerostomia), disorders such as lichen planus, benign pemphigoid, Sjogren's syndrome and burning mouth syndrome, as well as a debated rise in the prevalence of periodontal disease. The dental treatment of such patients involves a series of particularities that should be taken into account, including the use of salivary secretion stimulators or saliva substitutes in cases of hyposialosis. Nevertheless, correct prevention, with good control of bacterial plaque, contributes to reduce the risk of many infections within the oral cavity.
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PMID:Oral manifestations and dental treatment in menopause. 1178 6

The paper describes symptoms of mixed depressive and anxiety disorder (ICD-10). The study was carried out in three medical dispensaries: two psychiatric (42 persons) and one primary care (62 persons). Patients with or without anxiety and depressive symptoms were included. Exclusion criteria was: psychoactive substance abuse, physical diseases affecting mental state, and mental disorders other than anxiety or mood disorders. A total of 104 patients (65 women and 39 men in mean age of 41.1 years) were inquired with General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and diagnostic questionnaire based on Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry, Version 2.0. There was no pattern of symptoms specific for mixed disorder that could be a basis for operational criteria. The most frequent were symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), depression and dysthymia. The most specific symptoms, selected using discriminant analysis were: (1) difficulty in concentrating, (2) feeling mentally tense, (3) feeling of hopelessness or despair, (4) shortening of breath, (5) lowered mood, (6) feeling dizzy, unsteady, faint, or light headed; (7) early waking up, (8) nightmares, (9) dry mouth, (10) hot flushes or cold chills, (11) frequent tearfulness. The results contribute to the concept that mixed depression and anxiety disorder is closely related to generalised anxiety disorder (GAD).
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PMID:[Symptoms profile of mixed anxiety and depressive disorder]. 1184 6

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of vardenafil in primary care, we undertook a post-marketing surveillance study in 384 men with erectile dysfunction (ED), enrolled by 22 family physicians in Korea, from July 2004 to August 2005. Of the 384 patients enrolled, 343 (89.3%) returned for efficacy assessment and safety evaluation. Among the latter, 279 patients (81.3%) reported that their erectile function improved, 292 (92.1%) showed enhanced IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function)-5 scores and 265 (77.9%) responded that they were 'very satisfied' or 'satisfied' with vardenafil treatment. The most frequent reason for patient satisfaction with vardenafil was erectile potency (62.4%), followed by safety (42.4%), rapid onset (35.3%), adequate duration of efficacy (28.5%) and easy administration (25.9%). A total of 23 adverse events were observed in 18 patients, with the most frequent being hot flushes (3.2%), followed by headache (1.2%), nasal congestion (0.6%), color vision disturbance (0.3%), dizziness (0.3%), dry mouth (0.3%), dyspepsia (0.3%), nausea (0.3%) and diarrhea (0.3%). Only one patient discontinued vardenafil as a direct result of an adverse event. These results suggest that vardenafil prescribed by primary care physicians improved erectile function and was well tolerated by patients with ED.
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PMID:Post-marketing surveillance study of the efficacy and safety of vardenafil among patients with erectile dysfunction in primary care. 1728 34

In the course of the international development of tianeptine (T), depressed patients were recruited by 18 centres from Belgium, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland in a double-blind parallel group study versus placebo (P) and imipramine (I). Efficacy and safety of tianeptine were evaluated in 187 depressed inpatients (56% female, 44% male), who fulfilled criteria for either major depression, single episode (24.6%) or recurrent (66.8%), or depressed bipolar disorder (8.6%). After a seven-day run-in placebo pre-inclusion period, patients were treated in double-blind conditions with tianeptine (37.5 mg/d) or imipramine (150 mg/d) or placebo for 14 days, including an increasing daily dose period of three days. After the fourteenth day and until the end of the sixth week of treatment, a flexible dosage was introduced in accordance with the therapeutic efficacy and/or the potential adverse events (T: 25-50 mg/d; I: 100-200 mg/d; P; 2-4 capsules). Discontinuation of treatment occurred in 57 patients (30.5%) with more inefficacy on placebo and tianeptine (P: 16/23; T: 11/17; I: 7/17), and more side-effects on imipramine (P: 1/23; T: 1/17; I: 7/17). Final MADRS scores in intention-to-treat analysis were 22.3 +/- 1.5, 17.3 +/- 1.6 and 18.4 +/- 1.5 for placebo, tianeptine and imipramine, respectively. Statistical analysis demonstrated the antidepressive efficacy of tianeptine and imipramine versus placebo (P = 0.012 and P = 0.034, respectively), and no difference between tianeptine and imipramine. In patients treated for 42 days (n = 129) the MADRS scores dropped from 62.3% on tianeptine, 54.2% on imipramine and 48.5% on placebo. These results confirmed the efficacy of tianeptine (37.5 mg/d) in the treatment of major depression and depressed bipolar disorder when compared to placebo. No difference was found between tianeptine and imipramine (150 mg/d) for the efficacy and between tianeptine and placebo for all safety criteria. The following adverse events were significantly more frequent with imipramine than with tianeptine or placebo: dry mouth (P < 0.001), constipation (P = 0.007), and hot flushes (P = 0.011). No difference in adverse events was found between tianeptine and placebo. While the usual cardiovascular signs of tricyclic antidepressants were observed in the imipramine group, no difference between tianeptine and placebo was shown in respect to heart rate or blood pressure (supine or standing). The assessment of haematological, renal, metabolic and hepatic parameters confirmed the safety of tianeptine.
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PMID:A double-blind comparison of tianeptine, imipramine and placebo in the treatment of major depressive episodes. 1969 61

Acupuncture has become a popular complementary treatment in oncology, particularly as patients seek non-pharmacological alternatives to provide symptom control. A considerable body of evidence suggests that acupuncture modulates neurological processes to bring about its effects. This basic research is supported by an increasing number of positive clinical studies of varying quality. Lower quality studies have hampered the widespread acceptability of acupuncture, with some deeming the inter-personal skills of the practitioner to be more powerful than the needle or its equivalent. More recent randomised control trials (RCTs) have sought to settle this controversy, with mixed results. The literature was searched to identify, where possible, RCTs involving acupuncture and various common cancer symptoms. A potential role for acupuncture was found in the following cancer symptoms: pain, nausea and vomiting, xerostomia, hot flushes, fatigue, anxiety, depression and insomnia. Acupuncture is safe with minimal side-effects, and is clinically effective for the management of these symptoms. Continuing research using validated methodology is essential. In the interim, health professionals should be open to explore the use of acupuncture with their cancer patients.
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PMID:Acupuncture and cancer. 2060 36

Perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women have shown an increased risk for developing depression (new onset or recurrent); concomitant vasomotor and other menopause-related complaints significantly affect quality of life and overall functioning. This study examined the effects of quetiapine extended release (XR) in midlife women with major depressive disorder who also reported significant menopause-related symptoms. Forty eligible women with major depressive disorder entered a 2-week, placebo lead-in phase, followed by an 8-week open trial with quetiapine XR, flexible dose, 150-300 mg/d. The primary outcome measure (depressive symptoms) was assessed using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores. Other measures included menopause symptoms (Greene Climacteric Scale total scores and subscores) and the impact of hot flashes on functioning (Hot Flash-Related Daily Interference Scale). Weight, cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels were monitored. Data from 24 subjects (modified intent-to-treat, last observation carried forward; quetiapine XR mean dose, 191 [SD, 55] mg/d) showed improvement in depressive and menopause-related symptoms, that is, reduction in MADRS, GCS, and Hot Flash-Related Daily Interference Scale scores (P < 0.01 for all comparisons). Seventeen subjects were considered responders (>50% reduction in MADRS scores); 15 achieved remission (MADRS<10). Main adverse effects included drowsiness and dry mouth. Based on these preliminary results, quetiapine XR should be further examined in larger, controlled trials for the management of depressed, symptomatic midlife women.
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PMID:A pilot, 8-week, placebo lead-in trial of quetiapine extended release for depression in midlife women: impact on mood and menopause-related symptoms. 2081 17


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