Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0600142 (hot flushes)
 1,242 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This phase II non-comparative trial evaluated the efficacy of intramuscular iodostearic acid in the treatment of 30 patients with advanced carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. These included 17 patients with colorectal carcinoma, seven with pancreatic carcinoma, four with gastric carcinoma, one with hepatocellular carcinoma and one with cholangiocarcinoma. Iodostearic acid emulsion (2 ml/1.2 g) followed by depomedrone (0.5 ml/10 mg) was injected intramuscularly twice weekly. No serious toxic effects were observed, the main side effects being local pain at the injection site and hot flushes. There were no partial or complete responses. Stable disease was seen in six of 30 patients (20%) at 3 months and three of 30 patients (10%) at 6 months. In conclusion, intramuscular iodostearic acid is relatively non-toxic, however, it appears to be of little value in the treatment of patients with advanced gastrointestinal carcinomas.
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PMID:Iodostearic acid in the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal carcinoma. 152 29

Vasomotor symptoms such as hot flushes and profuse sweating have been described after bilateral orchiectomy. We evaluated 26 patients who had undergone bilateral orchiectomy for prostatic carcinoma to determine the incidence of vasomotor symptoms and the efficacy of low-dose diethylstilbestrol (DES) in the treatment of those symptoms. Measurements of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone were performed to look for endocrine patterns which may be related to the presence of vasomotor symptoms. Fourteen patients (54%) reported the presence of vasomotor symptoms beginning one to four weeks after surgery. These patients were treated with DES or placebo in a double-blind crossover trial. The frequency and severity of hot flushes were significantly reduced during the time DES was given. This was accomplished with a low dose of 1 mg daily of DES which avoids the cardiovascular complications of higher doses. We found no correlation between the presence, severity, or frequency of hot flushes and serum gonadotropin or testosterone concentrations.
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PMID:Diethylstilbestrol in treatment of postorchiectomy vasomotor symptoms and its relationship with serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone. 173

Estrogen therapy is extremely effective in relieving menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, urogenital atrophy and certain psychological symptoms. The short term side effects from this therapy are usually mild and self-limiting. They are more common in women who commence hormone replacement therapy some years after the menopause than in those who start treatment at about the time of the ovarian failure. Pre-existing gynaecological conditions such as fibroids and endometriosis can be worsened by estrogen therapy. The majority of published studies suggest a beneficial effect of postmenopausal estrogen therapy on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. These effects may be mediated by favourable changes in lipids, but other mechanisms may also be involved. It is uncertain whether the adverse changes in lipids caused by progestogen therapy will reduce any of the benefits of estrogen therapy on the cardiovascular system. Osteoporosis is the major bone disease of the Western world; long term estrogen therapy will prevent its development in most postmenopausal women. The risk of endometrial carcinoma is increased with unopposed estrogen therapy; this increased risk appears to be abolished if a progestogen is added at an adequate dose and duration for each cycle. The risk of ovarian or cervical cancer is not increased with estrogen therapy. There may be an increased risk of breast carcinoma with long term postmenopausal estrogen use, but the studies show inconsistent results.
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PMID:A risk-benefit assessment of estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women. 222 68

Retinoids have shown a tumor growth inhibition and a synergistic activity with hormonal manipulations in human breast cancer cell lines and rat mammary carcinoma. To investigate the potential usefulness of this synergistic activity in human breast cancer, 33 postmenopausal patients with advanced disease were treated with the combination of tamoxifen (10 mg p.o. three times a day) and retinyl acetate (300,000 IU p.o. daily). Out of 31 evaluable patients, 3 achieved complete response, 9 partial response (overall response rate: 38.5%, 95% confidence interval = 21%-56%) and 16 (52%) showed no change. The median duration of response was 11.5 months (range: 3-19+ months), while the 2-year overall survival rate for the entire group of patients was 63%. Toxicity was generally mild, hot flushes, nausea (and/or vomiting), headache and cutaneous itching being the most frequent side-effects. Only 1 patient discontinued treatment for severe toxicity. These preliminary results suggest that the combination of tamoxifen and high-dose retinyl acetate is a safe and effective regimen for breast cancer patients. However, the study design does not allow us to establish whether the very low rate of early disease progression we observed might be related to a possible synergistic effect between retinoids and antiestrogens or rather to the quite indolent disease of the patients who have been selected for entry into this trial.
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PMID:Phase II study of tamoxifen and high-dose retinyl acetate in patients with advanced breast cancer. 222 42

Buserelin is a synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog which is more potent than natural GnRH. Prolonged administration of the drug produces, after a short phase of stimulation, a selective and durable inhibition of secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, resulting in medical castration. In pilot and controlled studies buserelin shows a response rate that is similar to that of diethylstilbestrol or orchiectomy in the palliative treatment of advanced prostatic cancer, but larger and better designed studies are needed before reaching definitive conclusions about the duration of response and survival. The most common adverse effects of buserelin are loss of libido and/or impotence, hot flushes and possible flare-up of prostatic carcinoma symptoms in the first week of therapy. The combination of buserelin with an antiandrogen could avoid the flare syndrome; whether the combination has advantages compared to administration of buserelin alone requires confirmation from the large randomized studies still in progress.
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PMID:Buserelin in the treatment of prostatic cancer. 250 41

Tamoxifen, a non-steroidal antioestrogen, represents a significant advance in treatment of female breast cancer. In trials of tamoxifen as postsurgical adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer, disease-free survival is consistently prolonged, representing an enhanced quality of life in association with tamoxifen's favourable adverse effect profile. Moreover, overview analysis indicates a survival benefit of approximately 20% at 5 years for all women, most clearly evident in women over 50 years, while a survival benefit independent of menopausal, nodal or oestrogen receptor status has been demonstrated in some individual trials. Thus, for postmenopausal women, tamoxifen is clearly optimal adjuvant treatment, although the relative benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in node-negative patients requires clarification. A survival benefit for women under 50 has not been clearly demonstrated in overview analysis, but is not precluded by these rather limited data, and adjuvant treatment of premenopausal women with tamoxifen may also warrant serious consideration. Response rates to tamoxifen in advanced breast cancer are around 30 to 35%, increasing with patient selection for oestrogen receptor positivity. Tamoxifen must be regarded as first-line endocrine treatment in postmenopausal women, and may represent an alternative to first-line ovarian ablation in premenopausal women. An emergent role in primary therapy of elderly and frail patients with operable disease is apparent. Tamoxifen is also of benefit following surgery in male breast cancer, and may have a role as first-line endocrine treatment. Tamoxifen also has a potential role in other hormone-sensitive malignancies such as pancreatic carcinoma, and in treatment of benign breast disease. Finally, tamoxifen has a place in treatment of male and female infertility. because of adverse effects is rarely necessary. The most frequent adverse effects are related to the drug's anti-oestrogenic activity, and include hot flushes, nausea and/or vomiting, vaginal bleeding or discharge, and menstrual disturbances in premenopausal patients. Thus, tamoxifen continues to play a major role in management of female breast cancer in both early and advanced stages of disease, with a place also in treatment of male breast cancer and of infertility.
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PMID:Tamoxifen. A reappraisal of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use. 266 Nov 95

A long-acting LRH agonist (ICI 118630, Zoladex) was given by monthly subcutaneous injection to 25 patients with previously untreated symptomatic advanced prostatic carcinoma. The medication was well tolerated with the only side effect being hot flushes in 15 patients. Subjective improvement occurred in 22 patients, and disease remission or stabilization judged by objective criteria was seen in 21 and 18 patients from the total group at 3 and 6 months of treatment, respectively. Twelve of 18 patients followed for 1 year were still in objective remission/stabilization. Prostate volume measured by ultrasound decreased by a mean value of 75% and urine flow increased significantly. There were significant falls in serum testosterone and gonadotrophin levels and significant although lesser reductions in serum androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone. These changes were accompanied by significant reductions in serum acid and alkaline phosphatase and a rise in serum osteocalcin. Four patients (16%) experienced an initial tumor flare. Although only a small number of patients were studied, Zoladex appeared to be a well-tolerated agent for treatment of prostatic carcinoma, with an initial clinical response similar to that seen with standard endocrine therapy.
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PMID:Treatment of metastatic prostate carcinoma with the depot LRH analog Zoladex. 296 31

Estrogen replacement therapy is effective for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and should be offered to all women at high risk for osteoporosis. Such therapy is particularly beneficial for prevention of spinal compression fractures; in addition, it alleviates menopausal symptoms (hot flushes, genitourinary symptoms, and changes in mood). In each patient, these benefits must be weighted against the potential risks of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, breast tenderness, hypertension, vascular headaches, and the inconvenience of menstrual bleeding if the uterus is intact. The risk of endometrial cancer associated with estrogen replacement therapy can be considerably reduced by the addition of a progestin, and other side effects can be diminished or eliminated by use of the new transdermal estrogen preparations. Thus, estrogen replacement therapy should be considered in all women who have experienced natural or surgically induced menopause, and it is advisable in women who have osteoporosis or an increased risk for this disorder and no contra-indications to its use. Estrogen replacement therapy should be instituted as soon after menopause as possible and seems to be well tolerated until at least 75 years of age.
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PMID:Estrogen replacement therapy: current recommendations. 328 71

12 patients with troublesome hot flushes after orchidectomy (as a primary treatment for prostatic carcinoma) were treated with cyproterone acetate or placebo in a double-blind cross-over trial. The frequency of hot flushes was significantly reduced during the three weeks that cyproterone acetate (100 mg three times a day) was given. 5 patients complained of lassitude while on cyproterone acetate, but in none was it necessary to discontinue treatment.
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PMID:Cyproterone acetate in treatment of post-orchidectomy hot flushes. Double-blind cross-over trial. 613 71

Orchiectomy is a frequently performed therapy for prostatic carcinoma in elderly men. A so far widely neglected side-effect is the occurrence of hot flushes. They considerably decrease the quality of life of a large number of the patients who often are in a palliative situation and handicapped by other diseases. Therapeutic options are widely unknown. Therefore, the patients often consult their doctors in vain. In a study with 32 patients clinical appearance of hot flushes and their effects on the patient's quality of life were analyzed. 69% of patients with a mean age of 75 years experienced hot flushes, whereas 31% of patients with a mean age of 80 years had not been bothered by hot flushes. Possible therapeutic options are presented and discussed. Ciproteronacetate seems to be the most effective therapy with the least side-effects (9).
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PMID:[Hot flashes after orchiectomy in treatment of prostate cancer-- a serious side effect]. 752 60


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