Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0600142 (hot flushes)
 1,242 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Relationships between the hypothalamus and the pituitary in the aging woman are discussed under the following subheadings: synthesis and release of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, estrogen receptors, other releasing factors, neurotransmitters, and the mechanisms of hot flushes and migrainoid headaches. The hypothalamus is the main regulator of pituitary function. In the female the hypothalamic-pituitary axis appears to remain functionally intact well into old age.
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PMID:Role of the hypothalamus in the aging woman. 3 41

Thirty-seven women complaining of hot flushes, sweating and other menopausal symptoms were treated with clonidine. A double-blind crossover trial with placebo controls was undertaken. The clonidine dose was 2 X 0.025 mg/24 hours-0.075 mg/24 hours, increased if necessary at intervals of two weeks. The effect of clonidine did not differ significantly from placebo effect in the treatment of the symptoms. Side effects during clonidine management were slight and no difference was seen in their incidence compared with that in the patients treated with the placebo. A definitive placebo response was perceivable in the decreasing of symptoms.
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PMID:Clonidine in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. 3 14

Menopause is merely a clinically discernible clue symbolic of the multitude of changes preceding or following the cessation of menses by many years. Because of the time span involved, separating changes observed in the menopausal transition from other age-related maturational events presents serious methodologic problems. Of the host of psychologic and psychosomatic symptoms, only hot flushes and associated sweats occur more frequently in this epoch, while an interplay between hormonal and age-related maturational events presents serious methodologic problems. Of the host of psychologic and psychosomatic symptoms, only hot flushes and associated sweats occur more frequently in this epoch, while an interplay between hormonal and age-related effects is assumed in atrophic changes involving the genitourinary organs. The relation between menopause and osteoporosis is suggestive but by no means proven, as is the risk for cardiovascular disease. Empiric evidence points to the usefullness of estrogen for the management of vasomotor instability, the symptoms associated with atrophy of the genitourinary tract, and in the prophylaxis of osteoporosis, but not in the treatment of anxiety, depression, and other psychiatric disorders.
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PMID:Management of the Menopause. 7 6

In a double-blind study on the value of equine ("natural") oestrogens 30 patients presenting with menopausal symptoms in a group practice were monitored for possible adverse effects on blood clotting, weight, and blood pressure. The women were randomly allocated to two groups and given either three months' hormone treatment followed by three months' placebo or vice versa. An appreciable amelioration of all symptoms on placebo made it difficult to asses the genuine value of oestrogen treatment during the period of study. Both groups made a dramatic clinical improvement during the first three months. Nevertheless, the symptoms of the 15 women who received oestrogen first returned after the cross-over to placebo without any suggestion of a placebo response. In contrast, the other group who took placebo first did not deteriorate after changing to oestrogen. The menopausal index and the karyopyknotic index were not reliable guides to the need for oestrogen treatment. Hot flushes, however, were proportionately reduced on oestrogen and they seemed to be more readily eliminated in individual cases by oestrogen. The results of blood clotting studies indicated that natural oestrogen administration raised the levels of the extrinsic clotting factors VII and X and accelerated the prothrombin time. The findings were similar to those observed after three months synthetic oestrogen administration with oral contraception. Long-term studies and epidemiological surveys of the clinical incidence of thrombotic and other sequelae are needed before large-scale oestrogen replacement treatment can be recommended.
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PMID:Effects of "natural oestrogen" replacement therapy on menopausal symptoms and blood clotting. 17 81

The majority of women experience a variety of symptoms at the time of the menopause, but these are frequently regarded as being unworthy of management by their doctors. Recent reports of a possible association between exogenous oestrogens and endometrial carcinoma have increased professional reluctance to prescribe oestrogens for menopausal symptoms. This report describes the initial 50 patients who have attended a special clinic established to manage symptomatic menopausal women; common complaints included hot flushes, lack of energy, altered temperament, dyspareunia and headache. Oestrogen therapy was effective in the alleviation of symptoms and the practical aspects of oestrogen use are discussed. It is recommended that with due recognition of its potential complications, oestrogen therapy should be made available to symptomatic menopausal women, and that it requires further study in regard to its place in the long-term prophylaxis of osteoporosis.
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PMID:Oestrogens and menopausal and postmenopausal women. 19 65

Plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) concentrations, and pregnanediol and oestrogen excretion rates, were measured in a perimenopausal woman from the first appearance of oligomenorrhoea until the onset of severe and persistent hot flushes two years later. Postmenopausal episodes characterised by hot flashes, amenorrhoea, high FSH levels (greater than or equal to 5IU/L) and low urinary oestrogens (less than or equal to 50 nmol/24hr), were followed by menstrual cycles in which the FSH levels were low (less than 5 IU/L) and there was an ovulatory pattern of oestrogen and pregnanediol excretion. An unusual association of high urinary oestrogens (greater than or equal to 50 nmol/24hr) with high gonadotrophin levels was observed on several occasions. The transient postmenopausal episodes were biochemically and symptomatically indistinguishable from the permanent amenorrhoea of postmenopausal women.
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PMID:Fluctuating ovarian function in a perimenopausal women. 28 73

Sixty-four patients with severe menopausal symptoms completed a four month double-blind placebo trial with conjugated equine oestrogens (premarin). Using a graphic rating scale system of assessment, a statistically significant improvement with premarin was observed in 12 psychological and symptomatic scores (Table 3). From a comparison between these results and the results of the 20 patients without vasomotor symptoms it would appear that many of these symptomatic improvements result from the relief of hot flushes (i.e. a domino effect). However, the improvement in memory and reduction of anxiety in these 20 patients suggest that oestrogens have a direct tonic effect on the mental state which is independent of vasomotor symptoms. Sixty-one patients with less severe menopausal symptoms completed the second twelve month double-blind placebo trial and, as assessed by graphic rating scales, a significant improvement with premarin was observed in five psychological and symptomatic scores (Table 3). In both the twelve and four month studies the marked placebo effect of "youthful skin appearance", and on skin greasiness in the twelve month study, indicate that no reliance can be placed on patient judgement of skin texture and appearance. Despite the lessening of the domino effect there was a slight improvement with premarin over placebo in 15 of the remaining 16 symptoms and it is likely that the cumulative effect of these small improvements results in an overall enhancement of well-being. The relief of atrophic vaginitis by premarin did not result in an improvement in libido and this suggests that the ability and the desire to have sexual intercourse are not related. The strength and duration of the placebo effect were well demonstrated in the three standard psychiatric scoring systems, the Beck score (for depression), the General Health Questionnaire and the Eysenck Personality Index (formula: see text) (for neuroticism). We observed a highly significant placebo effect extending for six months in all three, the improvement with premarin over placebo being non-significant. We must conclude that these tests are not sufficiently sensitive to assess psychological or symptomatic changes in menopausal women and that these changes are best assessed by the graphic rating scales. The number of side-effects and complications was assessed in the 61 patients in the long study. A higher incidence of minor side-effects was observed during premarin therapy; this was most marked in relation to leg cramps but radio-isotope scanning revealed no evidence of leg vein thrombosis in these patients or indeed in any patient in the study. Premarin caused no elevation of systolic or diastolic blood pressure; indeed there was a progressive fall in blood pressure throughout the study with no significant difference between premarin and placebo...
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PMID:Oestrogen therapy and the menopausal syndrome. 32 5

A double-blind controlled study of the effect of piperazine estrone sulfate on sleep, depression, anxiety, and hot flushes was conducted in 34 perimenopausal women aged 45-55. 1/2 of the group received placebo for 6 weeks, then piperazine estrone sulfate (1.5 mg twice daily) for 8 weeks, while 1/2 remained on placebo throughout. Sleep was recorded electrophysiologically every week after adaptation and baseline readings. Mood and anxiety were rated daily by means of visual analogue scales. Hot flushes were counted daily. Observer rating scales of anxiety and depression were completed at the beginning and end of the baseline placebo period and at the end of the 1st and 2nd treatment month. During the 1st month of active treatment, the amount of intervening wakefulness in the first 6 hours of sleep decreased significantly more in the estrone group than in those on placebo. Between the baseline period and the 2nd treatment month, the estrone group showed a significantly greater decrease in the total amount of wakefulness and in the frequency of awakenings. Their total amount of rapid eye movement sleep increased. Mood and anxiety improved and the number of hot flushes decreased to a similar degree in both groups.
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PMID:Effect of oestrogen on the sleep, mood, and anxiety of menopausal women. 33 4

1. The new analgesic drug 1-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-cyclohexan-1-ol (tramadol; Tramal) was administered to a total of 840 patients by i.m. or i.v. injection or in suppository form in an open multi-center trial. The drug was found to be an effective and well-tolerated analgesic. 2. In all three forms of administration more than 80% of the patients treated rated the therapeutic efficacy of tramadol good to very good. In most cases the analgesic effect set in within 30 min and lasted 3--7 h. Tramadol was effective in relieving pain of various origins. 3. Serious side effects were not observed. The most frequent side effect was drowsiness. Transient hot flushes and outbreaks of sweating occurred occasionally following i.v. injection.
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PMID:[The effect of tramadol in an open clinical trial (author's transl)]. 34 90

A prospective, double-blind, randomized comparison of propranolol, 40 mg three times daily, and matching placebo showed propranolol to be no more effective than placebo in controlling hot flushes in a group of 25 perimenopausal women. Other menopausal symptoms, such as insomnia and palpitations, were equally unaffected. However, a very close correlation was found between the daily atmospheric temperature and the number of flushes occurring in the group.
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PMID:A study of the effectiveness of propranolol in menopausal hot flushes. 35 Feb 62


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